I-atherosclerosis yimeko apho imithambo yegazi ethwala igazi entliziyweni yakho incipha kancinci kancinci ize ivalwe ngamanqatha. Xa le meko iba mandundu, inokubangela iintlungu esifubeni kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla. Kwiimeko ezininzi, unyango lokuqala lwale meko ngamayeza. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, amayeza ewodwa awakwazi ukulawula le meko. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, oogqirha bagqiba ekubeni benze into engaphezulu, oko kukuthi, unyango oluntsonkothileyo kancinci. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili zonyango.
Indlela yokuqala: I-Angioplasty kunye ne-Stenting
Le yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu. Ngamafutshane, ibandakanya ukuvula umthambo wegazi ovalekileyo ngaphakathi. Indlela eyenziwa ngayo inomdla kakhulu.
Okokuqala, ugqirha uza kwenza uvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwe-X-ray olubizwa ngokuba yi-"Coronary Angiogram." Oku kuya kubona ngqo ukuba ingakanani na imithambo yegazi entliziyweni evalekileyo. Emva koko, ityhubhu encinci kakhulu (i-catheter) idluliselwa kumthambo wegazi omkhulu engalweni okanye emlenzeni ukuya kumthambo wegazi ovalekileyo entliziyweni. Oku kwenziwa ngononophelo olukhulu.
Okulandelayo, kufakwa ulwelo olukhethekileyo (idayi) ngale tube. Olu lwelo lubonakala ngokucacileyo kwisikrini se-X-ray, ngoko ke indawo echanekileyo yokuvaleka kwayo ibonakala. Ngoku umsebenzi wokwenyani uqala.
Ibhaluni encinci encamini yombhobho iyavuthelwa kwindawo evalekileyo. Oku kuvula umthambo onciphileyo nonciphileyo kwaye kuvumela ukuhamba kwegazi ukuba kubuyele esiqhelweni. Rhoqo, emva kokuba ibhaluni ivuthelwe kwaye umthambo uvuliwe, kufakwa umbhobho omncinci we-mesh ukuze uthintele ukuvulwa kwakhona. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-"stent." Le stent ifana nesipili esifakwa ngaphakathi kumbhobho, inceda ukugcina umthambo uvulekile.
Le ndlela isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa iintlungu zesifuba ezixhaphakileyo (`Angina`) kunye nokuvula ngokukhawuleza umthambo ovalekileyo ngexesha lokuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Ayinawo umngcipheko omkhulu weengxaki, kwaye ungaphila ngokukhawuleza kwaye ugoduke ngemini enye.
Indlela yesibini: Utyando lweCoronary Bypass
Lo ngumsebenzi omkhulu kancinci. Igama elithi ``Bypass`` lithetha "indlela ejikelezayo". Kwenzeka into efanayo apha. Khawucinge ukuba kukho ingxinano enkulu yezithuthi endleleni, kwaye akukho zimoto zihambayo. Emva koko esikwenzayo kukwakha indlela entsha, indlela esecaleni, ukuze sidlule kuloo mxinano wezithuthi. Yiloo nto kanye eyenzekayo kumsebenzi we-bypass.
Ugqirha uthatha icandelo lemithambo yegazi ephilileyo eludongeni lwakho lomlenze, ingalo, okanye isifuba.Bayayithatha. Emva koko, basebenzisa elo qhekeza letyhubhu ukuze badlule umthambo ovalekileyo entliziyweni baze benze igazi lihambe ngendlela entsha. Oko kukuthi, badibanisa le tyhubhu intsha ngaphezulu nangaphantsi kovalo. Emva koko igazi lihamba ngale "ndlela intsha yokudlula" endaweni yokudlula kwindawo evalekileyo.
Oogqirha babiza oku ngokuthi "Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting" okanye "CABG" ngamafutshane. Abantu bethu bakwabiza ngokuba "lutyando lwekhaphetshu" ngolwimi lwabo oluqhelekileyo.
Utyando lwe-bypass lunceda kakhulu kwiintlungu zesifuba. Lunokunceda ukwandisa ubomi babantu abanesifo seswekile okanye abo banemithambo yegazi evalekileyo kakhulu.
Kodwa khumbula, olu lutyando olukhulu. Ngenxa yoko, kungathatha iiveki, kwaneenyanga, ukuba luphile. Nangona kunjalo, utyando lwanamhlanje olungenziwa ngokusikwa okuncinci luyaphandwa okwangoku.
I-Stent? Yi-Bypass? Yeyiphi engcono kuwe?
Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza, "Ngaba utyando lwe-stenting okanye lwe-bypass lungcono kum?" Akukho mpendulo ilula. Eso sigqibo sixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka imeko yakho, inani lemithambo yegazi evalekileyo, kunye nohlobo lwayo. Ugqirha wakho ngumntu ofanelekileyo ukwenza eso sigqibo. Masithelekise izinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga zezi ndlela zimbini.
| Uqwalaselo | Ukubeka i-stenting | Utyando lwe-bypass (CABG) |
|---|---|---|
| Ixesha lokuphila xa imibhobho emininzi ivaliwe | Akukho bungqina bucacileyo bokuba iyandisa ubomi bayo. Ingcono ukuyisebenzisa ukulawula iimpawu. | Kuhle kakhulu. Kuye kwabonakala ukuba kwandisa ubomi babo banemithambo yegazi evalekileyo kakhulu. |
| Ukunceda ekuthomalaliseni iintlungu zesifuba (i-Angina) | Ilawula iintlungu kakuhle kakhulu, kodwa iintlungu zingaphinda zibuye ngokuhamba kwexesha. | Ilawula iintlungu kakuhle kwaye inokubonelela ngesiqabu sexesha elide kunee-stents. |
| Kwimeko yongxamiseko (ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo) | Ifanelekile. Ingenziwa ngemizuzu embalwa, ukuze ukwazi ukuphepha iingozi kunye nexesha lokuchacha emva kotyando olukhulu. | Ayisetyenziswa rhoqo xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo. Ifuna ixesha elingakumbi kunye nokulungiselela. |
| Ixesha lokuchacha | Lixesha elifutshane kakhulu. Usenokugoduka emva kosuku olunye okanye ezimbini. | Kuthatha ixesha. Kungathatha naphi na ukusuka kwiiveki ezimbalwa ukuya kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ukuze umntu aphile ngokupheleleyo. |
Ezinye iindlela zotyando lwe-atherectomy
Amaxesha amaninzi, kukho iimeko apho kusetyenziswa ezinye iindlela ukongeza kwi-stents okanye kwi-bypasses. Ezi ziquka ukususa umaleko wamafutha (i-plaque) ngaphakathi kwe-artery.
- I-Rotational Atherectomy: Isixhobo esinencam yedayimani sijikeleziswa ngesantya esiphezulu, sicola umaleko onamafutha oqinileyo.
- I-Directional Atherectomy: I-blade ejikelezayo isika umaleko onamafutha, ithathe iziqwenga zifakwe kwi-catheter, ize izisuse emzimbeni.
Nangona ezi ndlela zivakala zilungile, azisebenzi njenge-stent okanye i-bypasses. Zihlala zisetyenziselwa kuphela ukususa umthambo kancinci ngaphambi kokufaka i-stent.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva konyango? Masiqale ubomi kwakhona!
Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Khumbula, ukuba nje une-stent okanye i-bypass, ayimisi inkqubo ye-atherosclerosis. Isusa kuphela ukuvaleka okukhulu okukhoyo. Oku kunokwenzeka nakwezinye imithambo yegazi.
Ngoko ke, emva konyango olunje, kufuneka ulumke ngakumbi kunangaphambili. Kubalulekile ukutshintsha indlela ophila ngayo kwaye usebenzise amayeza njengoko ugqirha emyalele.
Amayeza ayimfuneko
Amaxesha amaninzi, emva kolu hlobo lonyango, ugqirha uya kukunika amayeza aliqela omawuwathathe yonke imihla.
- Amayeza e-statin: Anciphisa izinga le-cholesterol embi egazini.
- I-Aspirin: Ithintela ukujiya kwegazi.
- Amayeza anjengeClopidogrel, Prasugrel, Ticagrelor: La mayeza akwathintela ukuqhekeka kwegazi. Ingakumbi kumntu ofakelwe i-stent, la mayeza anokufuneka athathwe kangangexesha elingangenyanga ukuya kunyaka.
- Amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi: ingakumbi amayeza afana ne-`(Beta-blockers)` kunye ne-`(ACE inhibitors)`.
Imikhwa ebalulekileyo
- Ukuzilolonga: Zilolonge ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, ubuncinane iintsuku ezintlanu ngeveki. Nokuhamba ngeenyawo kulungile.
- Ukutya okulungileyo: Yitya ubuncinane iziqhamo nemifuno izihlandlo ezi-5 ngosuku. Nciphisa ioyile, ityuwa, kunye neswekile.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo: Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Ukuba uyatshaya, akukho nanye kwezi ndlela zonyango eza kusebenza kakuhle.
Emva kolu nyango, uza kuziva ngathi unobomi obutsha. Le mikhwa ngokuqinisekileyo iya kukunceda uphile ubomi obusempilweni nobonwabisayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-atherosclerosis yimeko ehlala ixesha elide. Unyango lwe-stent okanye lwe-bypass lususa kuphela ukuvaleka okukhulu okusele kwenzeke, kodwa alunyangi ngokupheleleyo esi sifo.
- Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba ngaba i-stent okanye i-bypass ikulungele na, kuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezifana nemeko yakho yempilo, inani leebhloko, kunye nokungxamiseka.
- Emva kwalo naluphi na unyango, kubalulekile ukwenza utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo kwaye uthathe amayeza akho owanikwe ngugqirha njengoko eyalelwe ukuthintela iingxaki ezizayo.
- Ukuba uneengxaki okanye amathandabuzo, soloko uxoxa ngazo nogqirha wakho , endaweni yokwenza izigqibo wedwa. Ungaze uyeke okanye utshintshe amayeza ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha.
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