Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesihloko esibaluleke kakhulu abafazi abaninzi abathandabuzayo ukuthetha ngaso, kodwa sonke kufuneka siqaphele. Esi sisifo esibizwa ngokuba yiVaginal Cancer. Usenokoyika xa usiva eli gama. Kodwa ungoyiki. Olu luhlobo lomhlaza olungaqhelekanga. Kodwa ukuqaphela oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yakho. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngokungathi sithetha nomhlobo, ngokweenkcukacha.
Kalula nje, yintoni umhlaza wangasese?
Umhlaza wesini ngumhlaza okhula kwiiseli ezikwisitho sakho sangasese sowesifazane, umaleko ongaphakathi weeseli. Njengoko usazi, isitho sangasese somfazi sisitho esifana netyhubhu esiqala kwinxalenye esezantsi yesibeleko, umlomo wesibeleko, ukuya kwizitho zakho zangasese zangaphandle, i-vulva.
Kukho into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyiqonde apha. Ngamanye amaxesha umhlaza oqala kwezinye iindawo, njengomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko okanye umhlaza wesibeleko, unokusasazeka uye kwilungu lobufazi. Kodwa umhlaza wesibeleko esithetha ngawo namhlanje ngumhlaza oqala kwiiseli zesibeleko. Oku kunqabile kakhulu kunokusasazeka kwezinye iimhlaza.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zalo mhlaza?
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza wangasese. Ezi zahlulwe ngokweentlobo zeeseli apho umhlaza uqala khona. Makhe sijonge iintlobo eziphambili.
| Uhlobo lomhlaza | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| I-Squamous cell carcinoma | Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. Lubangela malunga ne-90% yomhlaza wangasese. Luqala kwiiseli ezixineneyo ezikwisitho sangasese sowesifazane. |
| I-Adenocarcinoma | Iqala kwiiseli ze-gland kwi-vagina. Ihlala ikhula nakubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, kukho into eyahlukileyo. Uhlobo olubizwa ngokuba yi-clear cell adenocarcinoma lunokukhula nakubantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala, ingakumbi ukuba umama wabo uthabathe iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yiDiethylstilbestrol (DES) ngelixa besesibelekweni. |
| I-Melanoma | Iqala kwiiseli ezinika umbala kwilungu lobufazi (i-melanocytes), njengeeseli ezenza ii-birthmarks eluswini lwethu. Olu luhlobo lomhlaza olungaqhelekanga kakhulu. |
| I-Sarcoma | Oku nako kunqabile kakhulu. Kuvela kwizicubu ezidityanisiweyo kunye nezicubu zemisipha ezenza iindonga zelungu lobufazi. Kukwakho neentlobo. I-Rhabdomyosarcoma ixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abancinci. I-Leiomyosarcoma ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala. |
Ixhaphake kangakanani le sifo?
Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga. Ngumfazi omnye kuphela kwi-100,000 ofunyaniswa enaso esi sifo. Kuzo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza wabasetyhini, umhlaza wangasese uthatha ipesenti encinci kakhulu, phakathi kwe-1% kunye ne-2%. Ngoko ke akukho mfuneko yokoyika oku ngokungeyomfuneko, kodwa ukwazi yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sesi sifo?
Njengaso nasiphi na isifo, kukho izinto ezithile ezibangela umngcipheko ekukhuleni kwalo mhlaza. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi.
- Ukuba neminyaka engaphezu kwama-60 ubudala: Umngcipheko wokufumana lo mhlaza uyanda xa ukhula. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo, "i-Squamous cell carcinoma," ludla ngokufunyaniswa lumalunga neminyaka engama-60 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha lunokuvela kubantu abangaphantsi koko.
- Ukosuleleka yiHuman Papillomavirus (HPV): I-HPV yintsholongwane edluliselwa ngesondo. Yinto ebangela umngcipheko omkhulu womhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kunye nomhlaza wangasese. Ukuba namaqabane amaninzi okwabelana ngesondo kwaye ungagonyelwa i-HPV kwandisa umngcipheko wokosuleleka.
- Imeko yeVaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VAIN): `(VAIN)` ithetha ukuba kukho iiseli ezingaqhelekanga kulwelo lwelungu lobufazi, kodwa azikabi ziiseli ezinomhlaza. Oku kufana nesimo sangaphambi komhlaza. Abanye abantu bakhula esi simo njengomhlaza, ngelixa abanye bengenjalo. Abantu abanosulelo lwe-`(HPV)` banamathuba amaninzi okukhula benesifo se-`(VAIN).`
- Ukuba nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko okanye i-cervical dysplasia: Kukho umngcipheko othile wokuba nomhlaza wesisu ukuba sele ukhe wanyangwa umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ngaphambili. Kukwakho nomngcipheko wokuba neeseli ezingaqhelekanga emlonyeni wesibeleko (cervical dysplasia).
- Ukuvezwa kwi-diethylstilbestrol (DES): ``DES'' yi-hormone yokwenziwa eyanikwa ukuthintela iingxaki ngexesha lokukhulelwa phakathi ko-1940 no-1971. Ukuba umama wakho wathatha eli yeza ngexesha lokukhulelwa, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana ``Adenocarcinoma''.
- Ukutshaya: Musa ukumangaliswa, ukutshaya kwandisa umngcipheko womhlaza wangasese.
Zithini iimpawu zoku?
Kwinqanaba lokuqala, lo mhlaza awusoloko ubangela zimpawu. Ungafumanisa kuphela ukuba ugqirha wakho ufumana iiseli ezingaqhelekanga ngexesha lokuhlolwa rhoqo, njenge-Pap smear. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba kwenziwe uhlolo rhoqo lwe-gynecological.
Kodwa ukuba iimpawu ziyabonakala, zinokuba ngolu hlobo:
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ezi mpawu azisoloko zibangelwa yinto enzulu efana nomhlaza, kodwa zibangelwa zezinye izizathu ezilula. Kodwa ukuba ubona into efana nale, ungaze uyityeshele. Yiya kugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
| Iimpawu ekufuneka uziqaphele | |
|---|---|
| 🩸 | Ukopha okungaqhelekanga emva kokwabelana ngesondo (akunxulumene nokuya exesheni). |
| 🩸 | Ukopha emva kokuya exesheni (emva kokuba ukuya exesheni kuyekile ngokupheleleyo). |
| 💧 | Ukuphuma kwamanzi kwilungu lobufazi , okunegazi , okanye okunevumba elibi. |
| 😣 | Intlungu ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo. |
| iqhubu | Ukuziva iqhuma okanye ithumba kwilungu lobufazi. |
| 🚽 | Intlungu ngexesha lokuchama, ukufunwa rhoqo kokuchama, ukuqhinwa, okanye indle emnyama. |
| 😖 | Intlungu engapheliyo kwindawo yesinqe. |
Indlela yokuxilonga esi sifo?
Xa ubona ugqirha, uya kuqala aphulaphule ngononophelo iimpawu zakho aze emva koko enze iimvavanyo ezininzi ukujonga umhlaza okanye iiseli ezingaphambi komhlaza.
Uvavanyo oluphambili
- Uvavanyo lwe-pelvic: Ugqirha uza kuhlola i-vagina yakho kunye ne-cervix ukujonga naziphi na iingxaki okanye amaqhuma.
- I-Pap smear: Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli encinci yeeseli ezivela kumlomo wesibeleko nakwilungu lobufazi uze uzijonge phantsi kwe-microscope ukuze ubone ukuba akukho ziseli zingaqhelekanga na.
- I-Colposcopy: Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukuba kukho into engaqhelekanga kwi-Pap smear. Kule meko, i-vagina kunye ne-cervix zihlolwa ngononophelo ngesixhobo esikhethekileyo sokukhanya kunye nesixhobo sokukhulisa (i-colposcope).
- I-Biopsy: Le yindlela yokuqiniseka ngokupheleleyo ukuba ngumhlaza. Ngexesha le-colposcopy, kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci lesicwili kwindawo erhanelekayo lize lithunyelwe kwilabhoratri ukuze kuhlolwe iiseli zomhlaza.
Ukuchonga inqanaba lomhlaza
Ukuba i-biopsy iqinisekisa ukuba ngumhlaza, inyathelo elilandelayo kukufumanisa ukuba usasazeke kangakanani. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-staging. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-scan zisetyenziselwa oku.
- I-CT scan, i-MRI scan, i-PET scan: Ezi scan zinokujonga ubungakanani bethumba, nokuba lisasazeke na kwiindawo ze-lymph nodes, nokuba lisasazeke na kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
- I-Cystoscopy: Uvavanyo lokujonga ukuba umhlaza usasazeke na kwisinyi.
- I-Proctoscopy: Uvavanyo lokujonga ukuba umhlaza usasazeke na ukuya kwi-rectum.
Iphathwa njani?
Isicwangciso sonyango sixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka uhlobo lomhlaza onalo, inqanaba lawo, ubudala bakho, kunye nempilo yakho ngokubanzi. Ukuba uceba ukuba nabantwana, ungafuna ukuxoxa ngale nto nogqirha wakho.
- Utyando: Utyando lunokwenziwa ukuze kususwe umhlaza kunye nenani elincinci lezicubu eziphilileyo ezijikeleze wona ('ukususwa kwendawo ebanzi'), ukususa inxalenye okanye yonke i-vagina ('ukususwa kweVagin'), kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kususwe isibeleko kunye ne-lymph nodes ('ukususwa kweHysterectomy'). Ukuba isifo sibuya, utyando olukhulu, olufana 'nokukhutshwa kwePelvic', lunokufuneka ukuze kususwe amalungu aliqela kwi-pelvis.
- Unyango ngemitha:Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa imitha enamandla aphezulu (njengee-X-ray) ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Oku kungenziwa kusetyenziswa umatshini ongaphandle komzimba (`imitha yangaphandle`) okanye ngokufaka izinto ezisebenzisa imitha kwilungu lobufazi (`imitha yangaphakathi`).
- Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Ukunika amayeza okubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Oku akuxhaphakanga ukusetyenziswa kodwa kumhlaza wesibeleko. Kudla ngokunikezelwa kunye nonyango lwemitha ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kwawo.
Ungayinciphisa njani ingozi?
Nangona kungekho ndlela yokuthintela lo mhlaza ngokupheleleyo, kukho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho.
- Fumana uvavanyo rhoqo lwezifo zabasetyhini kunye novavanyo lwe-Pap. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba kufuneka uzenze kangaphi ezi zinto.
- Fumana ugonyo lwe-HPV. Buza ugqirha wakho malunga nogonyo lwe-HPV. Oku kunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko womhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kunye nomhlaza wangasese.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo. Ukutshaya kwandisa umngcipheko womhlaza.
Okokugqibela, khumbula ukuba ukuba ufunyaniswe unomhlaza wangasese, akusosiphelo sehlabathi. Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho kwaye ucacise ngohlobo lomhlaza, ubungakanani bokusasazeka kwawo, kunye neendlela zonyango lwakho. Ukuba ufunyenwe kwangethuba, unokufumana unyango oluphumelelayo, uphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Kubalulekile ukufuna inkxaso yeemvakalelo kusapho lwakho, abahlobo, kunye nomcebisi ngeli xesha lohambo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Umhlaza wesibeleko sisifo esingaqhelekanga kakhulu, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele.
- Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezinje ngokopha okungaqhelekanga emva kwesondo okanye emva kokuya exesheni, okanye ukuphuma kolwelo olunevumba elibi , bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Uvavanyo lwePap rhoqo luluncedo kakhulu ekufumaneni isifo kwasekuqaleni.
- Ukufumana isitofu se-HPV kunokukhusela kulo mhlaza nakwezinye iintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza.
- Ukutshaya kwandisa kabini umngcipheko womhlaza wangasese, ngoko ke kuphephe ukutshaya.
- Njengayo nayiphi na umhlaza, lo unethuba eliphezulu lokunyangwa nokunyangwa ukuba ufunyenwe kwangethuba.
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