Khawucinge nje ukuba ilungu losapho, umhlobo, okanye wena ngokwakho unesifo sokuwa, okanye ubusoloko uxinezelekile kakhulu ixesha elide. Nokuba uthatha amayeza angakanani kwaye uzama unyango olungakanani, akunakwenzeka ukuba ulawule imeko. Oogqirha bazame konke okusemandleni abo. Kwimeko enjalo, usenokuva ngonyango olwahlukileyo kancinci noluphucukileyo. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-VNS, okanye i-Vagus Nerve Stimulation.
Yintoni ukuvuselelwa kwemithambo-luvo ye-vagus (VNS)?
Ngamafutshane, olu lunyango olutshintsha indlela esebenza ngayo imithambo-luvo. Ukuchaneka, lufana nesixhobo sokuvuselela imithambo-luvo esifakwe entliziyweni. Yiyo loo nto abanye abantu besibiza ngokuba "sisixhobo sokuvuselela imithambo-luvo."
Olu nyango lubandakanya ukufakelwa isixhobo esincinci ngotyando phantsi kwesikhumba sesifuba sakho esingaphezulu. Esi sixhobo sinocingo oluncinci kakhulu olunamathele kumthambo okhethekileyo obizwa ngokuba yi-vagus nerve entanyeni yakho. Emva koko esi sixhobo sithumela ii-electrical pulses ezithambileyo ngamaxesha athile. Ezi zimpawu zihamba nge-vagus nerve ukuya kwi-brainstem. Ukusuka apho, ezi zibonakaliso zisasazwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho kwaye ziqale ukutshintsha indlela esebenza ngayo iiseli zobuchopho.
Ngokwesiqhelo, ugqirha uya kuqwalasela unyango lwe-VNS xa zonke ezinye iindlela zonyango zingaphumelelanga. Okwangoku ivunyiwe kwihlabathi liphela kwinani eliqingqiweyo lezigulana ezine-epilepsy engamelani nonyango kunye nokudakumba okungamelani nonyango. Ikwavunyiwe njengoncedo ekubuyiseleni imeko yesiqhelo kwezinye izigulana ezisandula ukuba ne-stroke.
Iphi iVagus Nerve? Yintoni eyenzayo?
Kukho ii-nerve ezimbini eziphambili ezili-12 ezithwala imiqondiso yombane esuka engqondweni yethu ukuya kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Ezi sizibiza ngokuba yi-cranial nerves. I-vagus nerve yeyeshumi (X) kwezi nerves. Le yeyona nerve inde kakhulu emzimbeni wethu.
Sinemithambo-luvo emibini ye-vagus, enye kwicala ngalinye lomzimba wethu. Zombini ziqala kwi-brainstem. Emva koko zidlula entanyeni, ziye esifubeni, ziye esiswini. Ngamafutshane, imithambo-luvo ye-vagus yinxalenye yesekethe enkulu edibanisa amalungu entanyeni, entliziyweni, emaphaphu, nasesiswini sethu nengqondo.
Zeziphi iimeko ezisetyenziselwa unyango lwe-VNS?
Iiarhente ezinkulu, ezifana ne-U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), okwangoku zivumile unyango lwe-VNS kwiimeko ezintathu. Makhe sijonge olu lwazi kwitheyibhile.
| Imeko yezonyango | Indlela yokusebenzisa kwaye ngubani ofanelekileyo kuyo |
|---|---|
| Isifo sokuwa | Njengonyango oluncedisayo kubantwana abaneminyaka engaphezu kwemi-4 ubudala kunye nabantu abadala abane-focal seizures eziqala kwenye indawo yengqondo kwaye ezingalawulwa ngamayeza. |
| Uxinzelelo | Abantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwe-18 ubudala abanesifo sokudakumba esingapheliyo okanye esiphindaphindayo abangakhange baphendule ubuncinane kwiindlela ezine ezahlukeneyo zokudakumba. |
| Unyango lweStroke | Njengoncedo olongezelelweyo kwimithambo yokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo kwizigulana ezinokukhubazeka okuphakathi ukuya kokukhulu kokusebenza kwesandla nengalo emva kwesifo sohlangothi esibangelwa kukuvaleka komthambo wegazi. |
Isebenza njani le VNS device?
Inyani yile, izazinzulu azikaqiniseki ngokupheleleyo ukuba esi sixhobo seVNS sisebenza njani, kodwa zineengcinga ezilungileyo ngaso.
- Ulawulo lwe-Epilepsy: Xa kuvela isifo sokuwa, umsebenzi wombane wengqondo uyaphazamiseka. Kukholelwa ukuba ukuvuselelwa kwe-VNS kwandisa ukuhamba kwegazi kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo zobuchopho, kutshintsha le ndlela yombane ephazamisekileyo, kwaye kunyusa amanqanaba e-neurotransmitters ``norepinephrine'' kunye ``serotonin'' ebuchotsheni, ezinceda ukulawula isifo sokuwa.
- Ukulawula uxinzelelo: I-VNS kucingelwa ukuba inciphisa iimpawu zoxinzelelo ngokutshintsha amanqanaba ee-neurotransmitters ezithile ezilawula imeko yethu yeemvakalelo.
- Ukuvuselela istroke: Olu vuselelo luvuselela i-motor cortex, inxalenye yengqondo elawula intshukumo yeengalo nezandla zethu. Oku kwenza kube lula ngengqondo ukuba iphinde ifunde ezo ntshukumo ngexesha loqeqesho lokuvuselela.
Kuvakala njani ukuba nesixhobo seVNS emzimbeni wakho?
Ixesha elininzi, awuyi kuqaphela nokuba esi sixhobo sivuliwe. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokuziva umahluko omncinci xa ukuvuselelwa kuvuliwe.
- Ukurhawuzelela emqaleni okanye entanyeni
- Ukurhawuzelela okuncinci kwelizwi
- Ukukhwehlela okuncinci kakhulu
Nokuba uziva ngolu hlobo, uhlala uqhelana nalo ekuhambeni kwexesha. Kodwa ukuba olu vuselelo luyakukhathaza, thetha nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Angatshintsha useto kwisixhobo aze anciphise ubungakanani bovuselelo.
Ngubani ongafanele afumane unyango lwe-VNS?
Unyango lwe-VNS lusenokungafaneleki kubantu abaneengxaki ezithile zempilo. Ukuba unenye yezi meko zilandelayo, usenokungabi ngumntu ofanelekileyo kwi-VNS.
- Ukuba ukhulelwe .
- Ukuba uneengxaki zokuphefumla ezifana ne -asthma okanye i-sleep apnea .
- Ukuba unesilonda esiswini esisebenzayo (isifo sesilonda se-peptic) .
- Ukuba unesifo seswekile esixhomekeke kwi-insulin .
- Ukuba une -vagus nerve enye kuphela (abanye abantu bazalwa nayo).
- Ukuba unesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-dysautonomias, esikukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo ye-nervous system ezimeleyo.
- Ukuba sele ufumana ezinye iindlela zonyango ezivuselela ingqondo .
- Ukuba unengxaki yesantya sentliziyo (i-heart arrhythmias) okanye ezinye izifo zentliziyo. Ukuba unembali yesifo sengqondo esifana ne -schizophrenia okanye i-schizoaffective disorder.
- Ukuba ukhe wasuswa inxalenye yomthambo wakho we-vagus wasekhohlo kutyando lwangaphambili.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi nangexesha lotyando lwe-VNS?
Olu asilotyando olukhulu noloyikekayo. Ludla ngokuthatha malunga neyure enesiqingatha.
Ukulungiselela utyando
Ngaphambi kotyando, ugqirha wakho uza kwenza uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomzimba. Unokwenza novavanyo lwegazi oluninzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho ngxaki zempilo zinokuphazamisana notyando.
Indlela oluqhutywa ngayo utyando
Ngomhla wotyando lwakho, uza kunikwa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokosuleleka. Emva koko uza kunikwa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Usenokuphelelwa ngamandla entanyeni nasesifubeni apho utyando luza kwenziwa khona, okanye unokufumana amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane aqhelekileyo uze ulale.
Ugqirha wenza imingxunya emibini emincinci kakhulu: enye kwicala lasekhohlo lentamo (ukuze ifikelele kumthambo we-vagus) kwaye enye kwicala lasekhohlo eliphezulu lesifuba.
1. Intambo encinci ene-electrodes ifakwa nge-incision entanyeni ize igqunywe ngononophelo kwi-vagus nerve.
2. Emva koko ucingo luziswa phantsi kwesikhumba ukuya kwindawo esikiweyo esifubeni.
3. Ukusuka kwinxeba elisesifubeni, elikhulu kancinci kunengqekembe yeerupi ezintlanu,Isixhobo esifana nebhetri (i-pulse generator) sifakwa size sibekwe kwindawo encinci eyenziwe ngaphezulu kwemisipha yesifuba.
4. Ekugqibeleni, ucingo oluvela entanyeni luqhagamshelwe kwesi sikhuthazi.
Nje ukuba yonke into iqhagamshelwe, ugqirha uza kuyivavanya le sixhobo. Sibeke kwindawo ephantsi kakhulu aze asisebenzise malunga nemizuzwana engama-30-90 ukuze abone ukuba ukuvuselelwa kusebenza kakuhle na. Ukuba yonke into ilungile, amanxeba aza kuvalwa kwaye kufakwe izitishi.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva kotyando?
Ukusebenzisa nokulungisa isixhobo
Kuya kufuneka uphinde ubonane nogqirha wakho emva kweeveki ezi-2-4 emva kotyando. Kulapho ke isixhobo siya kusebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Ugqirha uza kusebenzisa ikhompyutha kunye nesixhobo esikhethekileyo (intonga yokuhlela) ukuze enze ngokwezifiso useto lwemeko yakho. (Umzekelo, ukuba iza kusebenza ixesha elingakanani, ukuba iza kusebenza ixesha elingakanani, ukuba iza kusebenza ixesha elingakanani, ukuba iza kukhuthaza kangakanani, njl.njl.).
Awunakutshintsha ezi setingi, kodwa uza kunikwa imagnethi onokuyibamba ngesandla sakho .
- Kumntu onesifo sokuwa: Xa sele kuza kubakho ukuxhuzula, le magnet ingatshixwa phezu kwesixhobo esisesifubeni. Oku kuya kunika ukhuthazo olongezelelekileyo kwaye kunokuthintela ukuxhuzula okanye kunciphise ubukhali bako.
- Kumntu ofumana unyango lokuhlaselwa sistroke: Xa uswayipha le magnet ngaphambi kokuba uqale umthambo, ukhuthazo luya kusebenza imizuzu engama-30.
- Misa isixhobo okwethutyana: Ukuba ubamba imagnethi phezu kwesixhobo, ukuvuselela kuya kuyeka. Xa ususa imagnethi, iya kuqala ukusebenza kwakhona njengoko bekucwangcisiwe ngugqirha.
Ubomi bebhetri
Ibhetri yesixhobo idla ngokuhlala iminyaka emalunga ne-6 (eminye ihlala unyaka ukuya kwiminyaka eli-15). Xa ibhetri iphela, kufuneka kutshintshwe yonke into evuselelayo. Oku kufuna utyando oluncinci olwenziwa ngokusikwa okuncinci esifubeni.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Ukuba unesixhobo se-VNS, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba wenze iskeni, njenge-MRI, njengoko amandla anamandla emagnethi omatshini we-MRI anokonakalisa isixhobo se-VNS.
Zithini iingozi kunye nemiphumo emibi yonyango lwe-VNS?
Njengalo naluphi na unyango lwezonyango, i-VNS inokuba neengozi ezithile kunye nemiphumo emibi. Uninzi lwazo alusoloko lubi kakhulu kwaye luya kuphela ngokuhamba kwexesha.
| Uhlobo lomngcipheko/isiphumo esibi | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo | |
| Utshintsho lwelizwi | Ukurhawuzela okanye ukutshintsha kwelizwi |
| Umqala obuhkungu | Ukukhwehlela, umphimbo obuhlungu, okanye ukurhawuzelela |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumla | Ubunzima bokuphefumla (i-Dyspnea) |
| Okunye | Ubunzima bokuginya (i-Dysphagia), intloko ebuhlungu |
| Iziphumo Ezimbi Kodwa Ezingaqhelekanga | |
| Umonakalo wemithambo-luvo | Ukukhubazeka kwentambo yelizwi, ubuthathaka bemisipha esezantsi kobuso |
| Iintsholongwane | Usulelo lokusikwa ngotyando |
| Iingxaki zoomatshini | Ukwaphuka kwentambo okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwesixhobo |
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphiliswa? Zithini iziphumo?
Ungaphinda wenze imisebenzi eqhelekileyo emva kweentsuku ezimbini (iiyure ezingama-48) emva kotyando. Izithungo ziyanyibilika, ngoko ke akukho mfuneko yokuba zinqunyulwe.
Kodwa kuthatha ixesha ukubona iziphumo. Kungathatha unyaka okanye ngaphezulu ukwazi ukuba uza kuzuza kangakanani kwi-VNS.
- Isifo sokuwa:I-VNS ayinyangi ngokupheleleyo isifo sokuwa. Ayiyiyekisi ngokupheleleyo isifo sokuwa. Kuya kufuneka uqhubeke nokusela amayeza akho okuwa. Injongo ye-VNS kukunciphisa ukuxhaphaka, ubunzima, kunye nobude bexesha lokuwa. Kolunye uphando, malunga nama-43% ezigulana ziye zancipha ngama-50% nangaphezulu ukuxhaphaka kokuwa kwiminyaka emithathu.
- Uxinzelelo: Ukusebenza kwe-VNS kuxinzelelo kusaphandwa. Ngenxa yoko, kuqwalaselwa kuphela emva kokuba amayeza kunye ne-psychotherapy ziye zasilela. Kwezinye izifundo, yi-20%-30% kuphela yezigulana eziye zafumana uphuculo olukhulu.
- Ukuvuselelwa kwestroke: Kolunye uphando, izigulane ezenze umthambo wokuvuselelwa nge-VNS stimulation ziye zaphucuka kakhulu iintshukumo zengalo nezandla xa kuthelekiswa nezo ziqhelise ngaphandle kwe-VNS.
Ndifanele ndibonane nogqirha nini?
Ukuba unezinye zeempawu ezilandelayo, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza.
- Iimpawu zosulelo:
- Ukuba inxeba libomvu, lidumbile, okanye libuhlungu xa ulichukumisa.
- Ukuba inxeba linuka kakubi okanye ulwelo olufana nobovu luphuma kulo.
- Ukuba uziva umkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane.
- Ezinye iimpawu ezinzulu:
- Ukuba ilizwi liyaqhubeka nokurhawuzelela.
- Ukuba ukukhuthazwa kubuhlungu, okubangela ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye bokuginya.
- Ukuba uziva ulele kakhulu.
- Ukuba isixhobo sibonakala singasebenzi kakuhle okanye kukho uphawu lokuba ibhetri iphantsi.
- Ukuba imeko yakho yezempilo (isithuthwane, ukudakumba) iba mandundu.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-VNS yindlela yonyango ephucukileyo esetyenziselwa isifo sokuwa, ukudakumba, kunye nokuvuselelwa kwesifo sohlangothi esingenakulawulwa zezinye iindlela zonyango.
- Oku kusebenza njenge "pacemaker yengqondo," kodwa akusinyangi ngokupheleleyo esi sifo. Injongo kukulawula iimpawu.
- Oku kufuna ukuba kufakwe isixhobo emzimbeni ngotyando oluncinci.
- Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ezinje ngokurhawuzelela, zinokubakho, kodwa uninzi lwazo zinokulawulwa.
- Ukuba unesixhobo se-VNS esifakelweyo, kubalulekile ukuba wazise bonke oogqirha bakho ngaphambi kokuba wenze naluphi na uvavanyo okanye unyango (ingakumbi ii-MRI scans).
- Yingcali kuphela enokugqiba ukuba olu nyango lukulungele na, ngoko ke thetha nogqirha wakho ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya.
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