Ake sifunde ngokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi singaba nomdlavuza emizimbeni yethu ngaphandle kwezimpawu? Empeleni, umdlavuza wamaphaphu uyisifo esithule. Esikhathini esiningi, kungaba sekwephuzile lapho kuvela izimpawu. Kodwa, ungakhathazeki! Kukhona ikhambi elihle kulokhu. Lokho ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Kalula nje, ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kuyi -CT scan (LDCT) ephansi eyenziwa kanye ngonyaka. Ingathola ngisho nezigaxa ezincane kakhulu emaphashini akho ezingaba umdlavuza, ngisho noma zisencane. I-LDCT scan ithatha izithombe ezicacile zangaphakathi kwamaphaphu akho. Ukuhlolwa ukuhlolwa okuvamile noma ukuhlolwa kwezithombe okwenziwa ukuthola ukuthi unesifo yini ngaphambi kokuba ube nezimpawu.

Ungase ucabange, "Kungani kufanele ngihlolwe umdlavuza uma ngingenazo izinkinga?" Kodwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu uvame ukuba nezimpawu ezimbalwa ezigabeni zawo zokuqala, lapho kulula kakhulu ukwelapheka khona. Umdlavuza wamaphaphu uvame ukutholakala lapho lesi sifo sesiqhubeke kakhulu. Ngaleso sikhathi, amathuba okusinda aphansi.

Uma ungumuntu obhemayo njengamanje noma uyeke ukubhema kungakapheli iminyaka eyi-15, kungumqondo omuhle ukuqala ukuhlolwa uma usuneminyaka engu-50. Nakuba noma ubani engaba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, abantu ababhemayo njengamanje kanye nalabo ababebhema ngaphambili basengozini enkulu.

Ubani okufanele acabangele ngempela ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu?

Odokotela batusa ukuthi wenze i-CT scan ephansi njalo ngonyaka uma uhlangabezana nazo zonke lezi zidingo ezilandelayo:

• Uma uneminyaka ephakathi kuka-50 no-80 ubudala.
• Uma ubhema njengamanje, noma uma sekudlule iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 selokhu wayeka ukubhema.
• Uma unomlando wokubhema okungenani "weminyaka engama-20 epaki".

Manje ungase uzibuze, "Kuyini 'unyaka wephakethe'?" Kulungile, ake ngikuchaze kalula. Kubalwa ngokuphindaphinda inani lamaphakethe kagwayi owabhemayo ngosuku (kukhona ogwayi abangu-20 ephaketheni) ngenani leminyaka owabhema ngayo. Isibonelo, uma ubhema iphakethe elilodwa ngosuku iminyaka engu-20, lowo umlando 'wonyaka wephakethe elingu-20'. Noma, uma ubhema amaphakethe amabili ngosuku iminyaka eyi-10, lowo umlando 'wonyaka wephakethe elingu-20'. Uma unenkinga yokubala lokhu ngqo, ungakhathazeki. Buza udokotela wakho, angakusiza.

Lezi ziqondiso zakhiwe yiqembu lochwepheshe bezempilo elibizwa ngokuthi i-United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) . Zisekelwe ezifundweni zakamuva zokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Lokhu kuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kusebenza kanjani?

Lokhu kulula kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kuhilela ukuthatha izithombe zengaphakathi lesifuba sakho. Lezi zithombe zodwa azikwazi ukukutshela ukuthi "lo ngumdlavuza." Kodwa-ke, lezi zithombe zingabonisa amaqhubu amancane ('ama-mass'). Bese zihlolwa kabanzi ukuze kubonakale ukuthi zinomdlavuza noma cha.

Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani ngaphambi kokuhlolwa?

Ngokuvamile akukho ukulungiselela okukhethekile okudingekayo kulokhu (i-Lung Cancer Screening CT scan). Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukubuza udokotela wakho ukuthi unemiyalelo ekhethekile yini ngawe. Kungcono ukugqoka izingubo ezikhululekile kanye nobucwebe obuncane. Uma unezinkinga zezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi izinkinga zokuphefumula, tshela abasebenzi endaweni yokuhlola noma udokotela wakho kusenesikhathi. Bangase bakwazi ukuhlela kabusha ukuskena kube ngolunye usuku ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imiphumela inembe ngangokunokwenzeka.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa?

Nakhu okwenzekayo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu:

• Uchwepheshe owenza ukuskena uzokucela ukuthi ususe noma yibuphi ubucwebe, amawashi, noma ezinye izinto zensimbi. Ungase futhi ucelwe ukuthi ugqoke ingubo eqala okhalweni kuya phezulu.
• Uzolaliswa embhedeni ozongena kuskena.
• Bese umbhede ungena kancane kancane emshinini wokuskena, ofana nepayipi noma idonathi.
• Njengoba isithwebuli sijikeleza nxazonke zakho, umbhede ungahamba uye emuva naphambili ngenkathi umshini uthatha izithombe.
• Ngesikhathi sokuskena, uchwepheshe ngezinye izikhathi uzokutshela ukuthi uphefumule, noma ukhiphe umoya, bese ubamba umoya wakho isikhashana. Kufanele uzame ukwenza lezo zinto ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Uchwepheshe ngeke abe ngaphakathi kwegumbi lokuskena nawe. Kunalokho, uzohlala ngaphandle akhulume nawe ngemakrofoni. Ngakho-ke akukho okufanele ukwesabe.
• Ngemva kokuba udokotela esethathe zonke izithombe azidingayo, umbhede uzophuma kuskena. Ngemuva kwalokho ungavuka.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlolwa?

Azikho iziqondiso ezikhethekile okufanele uzilandele ngemva kokwenza lokhu kuskena (i-LDCT). Ungenza imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke njengenjwayelo.

Ingabe zikhona izingozi ngalolu vivinyo?

Yebo, njengakho konke okunye, kunezingozi ezincane ezihilelekile. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:

• Amaphutha amahle. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuskena kungase kuthole okuthile emaphashini akho okufana nomdlavuza, kodwa empeleni akuyona umdlavuza. Isibonelo, izigaxa eziningi ezincane emaphashini akho (amaqhubu e-pulmonary) empeleni azinangozi. Kodwa ukwenza izivivinyo ezengeziwe, mhlawumbe ngisho nokuhlinzwa, ngaphambi kokuba wazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi okuthile kungumdlavuza noma cha, kungaba yinto ekucindezelayo kancane, akunjalo?
• Kungenzeka ukuthi isimila esitholakale ngokuhlolwa ngeke sikubangele izimpawu futhi ngeke sisabalale. Kodwa kungase kudingeke silashwe.
• Ukuchayeka emisebeni. Inani lemisebe oyitholayo ngokuskena kwe-computed tomography (LDCT) okunesilinganiso esiphansi lincane kakhulu. Kodwa akulona i-zero. Ukuchayeka okuqhubekayo emisebeni kungandisa kancane ingozi yakho yomdlavuza. Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi umthamo wemisebe onikeziwe uphansi kakhulu.

Ngezinye izikhathi, lapho odokotela benza lezi ziskeni ukuze bafune umdlavuza wamaphaphu, bathola ezinye izimo (imiphumela engalindelekile) ababengazilindele. Isibonelo , isimo esifana ne-COPD (Isifo Esingapheli Sokuvimbela Amaphaphu) noma into efana neqhubu lebele. Ezinye zalezi ziphumo ezingalindelekile zingadinga ukwelashwa. Kodwa akuzona zonke ezidinga ukwelashwa. Zingaholela nasekuhlolweni okungadingekile nasekucindezelekeni.

Ngakho-ke yiziphi izinzuzo zokuthatha lesi sivivinyo?

Kunezinzuzo eziningana zokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu nge-CT scan yomthamo ophansi, noma i-LDCT:

• Odokotela bangabona ngisho nezimila ezincane kakhulu nge-CT scan, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-X-ray yesifuba evamile. Izifundo ezisebenzisa i-X-ray evamile ukubheka umdlavuza wamaphaphu zibonisa ukuthi ayisebenzi kahle ekutholeni umdlavuza kusenesikhathi noma ukwandisa ukusinda njenge-LDCT.
• Umthamo wemisebe osetshenziswa ekuskeni kwe-computed tomography (LDCT) omthamo ophansi uphansi kakhulu kune-standard computed tomography (CT) scan.

Siyithola kanjani imiphumela yombiko wokuhlolwa?

Udokotela we-X-ray kanye nodokotela wakho bazobuyekeza ama-scan akho bese bekunikeza umbiko onemiphumela. Umbiko wakho wokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu ungafaka imininingwane efana nalokhu:

• Kubi. Lokho kusho ukuthi ababonanga lutho kusikeni sakho olubukeka sengathi kungenzeka ukuthi umdlavuza.
• Kuhle. Lokhu kubhekisela kumaqhubu angabonakali njengomdlavuza. Lokho kusho ukuthi akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho.
• "Mhlawumbe okungekuhle" kubhekisela ezimila ezingabonakali zinomdlavuza, kodwa ukuthwebula izithombe okulandelayo kuyanconywa ukuqinisekisa.
• Kuyasolisa. Lawa amaqhubu abukeka sengathi angaba nomdlavuza. Kuzodingeka ukuthi uthathwe izithombe ezengeziwe futhi mhlawumbe uhlolwe nge-biopsy.
• Okusolisayo kakhulu. Lawa amaqhubu abukeka njengomdlavuza. Ngokuqinisekile kuzodingeka ukuthi uthathwe izithombe ezengeziwe kanye ne-biopsy. Udokotela wakho uzokudlulisela kuchwepheshe womdlavuza wamaphaphu (udokotela wezifo zomdlavuza).
• ``Kubalulekile noma kungenzeka kube nokubaluleka``. Udokotela we-X-ray angase athi ``kubalulekile`` noma ``kungaba nokubaluleka`` ngento ayibonayo engeyona umdlavuza kodwa engadinga ukuthwetshulwa noma ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
• Akuphelele.Lokhu kusho ukuthi abakwazi ukutolika kahle ukuskena kwakho. Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yokuthi unesifo samaphaphu, noma ngoba bafuna ukusiqhathanisa nokuskena kwangaphambilini. Kuzodingeka uphinde uskenwe ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okunembile.

Ngokuvamile kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola imiphumela?

Isikhathi esithathwayo ukuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu singahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu. Uma udinga ukulandelwa, udokotela wakho uvame ukukushayela ucingo maduze. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kungathatha noma yikuphi kusukela osukwini kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Kungcono ukubuza udokotela wakho ukuthi ungalindela nini imiphumela.

Uma imiphumela ingajwayelekile, yini oyenzayo ngokulandelayo?

Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa nawe ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu. Uma kudingeka, izinyathelo ezilandelayo ongazithatha zingafaka:

• Okunye ukuskena (i-LDCT) ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha.
• I-CT scan yokuxilonga yenziwa njengokulandela.
• Ukwenza i-PET/CT scan.
• Ukuhlangana nochwepheshe womdlavuza (`udokotela womdlavuza`).
• Bheka udokotela wamaphaphu (uma ufuna izifo zokuphefumula ezingezona ezomdlavuza) noma omunye uchwepheshe.

Ngingambona nini udokotela wami?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi usengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu futhi ungase ufanelekele lokhu kuhlolwa, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Uma unemibuzo mayelana ne-CT scan yomthamo ophansi noma imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa, ungangabazi ukubuza.

Ngingayeka nini ukuthatha lesi sivivinyo?

Uma kukhona kwalokhu okukusebenzelayo, ungase ukwazi ukweqa ukuhlolwa kwakho komdlavuza wamaphaphu kwaminyaka yonke:

• Uma uneminyaka engu-81 noma ngaphezulu.
• Uma usubheme iminyaka eyi-15 noma ngaphezulu, ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu iyancipha njengoba isikhathi sihamba kusukela wagcina ukubhema ugwayi.
• Uma ungakwazi ukuhlinzwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu osesigabeni sokuqala ngenxa yesimo sempilo, noma uma ungazimisele ukwenza kanjalo.

Ingabe kuyafaneleka ngempela ukuthola lokhu kuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu?

Yebo, impela! Ngokuhlolwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu, ungaba namathuba amaningi okuwuthola kusenesikhathi, lapho ungelapheka khona kakhulu. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kuka-50% abahlolwa minyaka yonke (cishe oyedwa kwababili) bathola umdlavuza wamaphaphu wabo usesigabeni sokuqala. Kodwa-ke, cishe abantu abangu-28% kuphela abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu abatholakala besesigabeni sokuqala.

Lokho kusho ukuthi ungacabanga ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukusindisa impilo ngale ndlela yokuhlolwa!

Ingabe kukhona ukuhlolwa okungabona umdlavuza wamaphaphu egazini?

Cha, okwamanje akukho ukuhlolwa kwegazi okungabona noma ukuxilonga umdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Okokugcina, ezinye izinto ezibalulekile okudingeka uzikhumbule

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu uyinkinga enkulu yokuxilonga. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu minyaka yonke kuyithuluzi elinamandla lokutholakala kusenesikhathi kanye nezinketho zokwelapha eziphumelela kakhulu. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi usengozini enkulu yini yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu nokuthi kufanele yini uhlolwe. Kungasiza ekusindiseni impilo yakho.

Khumbula, uma ubhema, akukaze kube sekwephuzile ukuyeka. Ukuyeka ukubhema kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa ingozi yakho yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Kuhle ukuzama ukuyeka ukubhema ngokushesha nje lapho uqaphela lokhu kuhlolwa.

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