Lingakanani igazi elisemzimbeni wakho? Ake sifunde ngokuhlolwa kwevolumu yegazi ngendlela elula!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi unegazi elingakanani emzimbeni wakho? Lokhu akuyona nje indaba yokwazi, ngezinye izikhathi kungakutshela ulwazi olubaluleke kakhulu ngempilo yakho. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi "Ukuhlolwa Kwevolumu Yegazi", ukuhlolwa okulinganisa inani legazi. Empeleni lokhu "Ukuhlolwa Kwemithi Yenuzi", okusho ukuthi kusebenzisa inani elincane lezinto ezikhipha imisebe ukubheka ukusebenza komzimba. Ungakhathazeki, lokhu kuphephile kakhulu. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe, kulungile?

Kusho ukuthini ngempela ngegazi?

Ngisho noma sithi “igazi,” kunezinto eziningi ngaphakathi kwalo. Ukuze sibe neqiniso, nansi:

• I-Plasma: Lena yingxenye yegazi ewuketshezi. Ungamangali, ingaphezu kuka-90% wamanzi!
• Ama-Platelet: Lawa amaseli amancane asiza ukujiya kwegazi. Abaluleke kakhulu ekumiseni ukopha lapho ulimala.
• Amaseli Egazi Abomvu: Lawa afana namabhola ayindilinga. Lawa yiwo athwala umoya-mpilo ezicutshini zomzimba wonke.
• Amaseli Amhlophe Egazi: Lawa afana nonogada bomzimba. Yiwona asivikela kumagciwane kanye nezifo.

Ubuwazi ukuthi nakuba lawa ma-platelet namaseli amhlophe egazi ebaluleke kakhulu, akha ngaphansi kuka-1% wevolumu yegazi lethu lonke. "Ukuhlolwa Kwevolumu Yegazi" ikakhulukazi kulinganisa inani le-plasma namaseli abomvu egazi. Yingakho ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi "Ukuhlolwa Kwevolumu Yeplasma" noma "Ukuhlolwa Kwenqwaba Yamaseli Abomvu".

Lilawulwa kanjani inani legazi emzimbeni wethu?

Lena indlela emangalisayo kakhulu. Umzimba wethu uhlala udala futhi ubhubhisa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Umnkantsha wethu wenza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi , futhi isibindi sethu siyawabhubhisa. Kodwa le nqubo ihamba kancane. Cabanga nje, uma ulahlekelwa igazi eliningi ngenxa yokugula, ingozi, noma ukulimala, kungathatha izinsuku, mhlawumbe izinyanga, ukwenza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi amasha.

Kodwa ukulawula i-plasma kushesha kakhulu. Ngoba i-plasma ikakhulukazi ingamanzi. Umzimba uthola uketshezi lwawo emanzini esiwaphuzayo kanye nokudla esikudlayo. Uketshezi luyalahleka nangomchamo, indle, ukujuluka, nokuphefumula. Uma uphilile, izinso zakho zigcina lolu ketshezi lulinganisela.

Yiziphi izinto ezithinta umthamo wegazi? Kufanele ube malini ngokuvamile?

Umzimba womuntu omdala uvame ukuqukethe amalitha angaba ngu-5 egazi. Kodwa-ke, leli nani lingahluka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukene. Ngezinye izikhathi inani legazi lingaba liningi kakhulu (i-Hypervolemia) noma libe lincane kakhulu (i-Hypovolemia).

Ukwanda komthamo wegazi (i-Hypervolemia)

Ezinye izinto ezingabangela lesi simo yilezi:

• Ezinye izimo zenhliziyo (Ukwehluleka Kwenhliziyo Okuhlanganisiwe)
• Ukudla usawoti omningi (i-sodium)
• Izinkinga zezinso, isibonelo, ukwehluleka kwezinso kanye nesifo se-nephrotic syndrome
• Ukwehluleka kwesibindi

Uma umthamo wegazi ukhuphuka (i-Hypervolemia), izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuqunjelwa kwesisu kanye nokungakhululeki (ama-Ascites)
• Ukwehluleka Kwenhliziyo Okubangelwa Ukuqina Kwenhliziyo
• Umfutho Wegazi Ophakeme
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula ngenxa yoketshezi olugcwalisa amaphaphu
• Ukuvuvukala (Ukuvuvukala) – Ngokuvamile imilenze, amaqakala, izihlakala , noma ubuso kuyavuvukala.

Ukwehla kwevolumu yegazi (i-Hypovolemia)

Kunezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwehla komthamo wegazi:

• Ukopha (ukulimala, ukuhlinzwa, ukopha kwangaphakathi)
• Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni - Lokhu kusho ukungabi namanzi anele emzimbeni.

Uma umthamo wegazi lakho wehla ngokuzumayo kakhulu, ungangena esimweni esiyingozi esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Hypovolemic Shock." Yilapho umzimba wethu wenza okulandelayo ukuze ubuyisele ukugeleza kwegazi okunciphile emzimbeni:

• Yehlisa umfutho wegazi.
• Kukhulisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo.
• Kukhulisa izinga lokuphefumula.

Uma umthamo wegazi uqhubeka nokwehla, umonakalo ongenakulungiseka ungenzeka ezithweni zethu zangaphakathi nasebuchosheni. Ngakho-ke lokhu akulona ihlaya!

Ingabe kukhona ubudlelwano phakathi komthamo wegazi nomfutho wegazi?

Nakanjani ikhona! Ingcindezi engaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi yethu yiyo ebangela ukuba igazi ligeleze kuzo zonke izicubu kanye namaseli emzimbeni. Lapho umthamo wegazi wehla, nomfutho wegazi wehla. Khona-ke umzimba uzama ukubuyisela ukugeleza kwegazi ngokubangela ukuba imithambo yegazi ifinyele. Kodwa uma ukulahlekelwa igazi kukhulu (i-Severe Hypovolemia), umzimba awukwazi ukukulawula.

Ngokufanayo, lapho umthamo wegazi ukhuphuka, welula imithambo yegazi yethu (imithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi), okwandisa umfutho wegazi. I-Hypervolemia ivame ukwenzeka lapho umzimba ungakwazi ukulawula inani loketshezi ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwezinso noma kwesibindi.

Kufanele kwenziwe nini lokhu (Ukuhlolwa Kwevolumu Yegazi)?

Odokotela basebenzisa lolu vivinyo, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezisezindlini zokunakekelwa okubucayi . Isibonelo:

• Abantu abalahlekelwe yigazi eliningi
• Abantu abaphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni
• Abantu abanesifo senhliziyo
• Abantu abanenkinga yezinso noma yesibindi
• Abantu abashile kakhulu
• Abantu bashaqekile

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kunezinye izikhathi lapho odokotela besebenzisa khona lesi sivivinyo.

• Hlola ukuthi une-anemia.
• Thola imbangela yokuquleka njalo (i-syncope).
• Hlola umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nokwehla kwengcindezi yegazi okubangelwa yi-orthostatic.
• Njengokuhlolwa "kokuHlola Ngaphambi Kokuhlinzwa" ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa okuthile.

Lolu vivinyo lwenziwa kuphi?

Lokhu kungenziwa ngenkathi usesibhedlela, noma kungenziwa "eMnyango Wezokwelapha Zenuzi" wesibhedlela.

Lokhu (Ukuhlolwa Kwevolumu Yegazi) kusebenza kanjani? Ingabe kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu?

Cha, akulona inkimbinkimbi kangako. Kalula nje, kuqhubeka kanje:

Ukuze kulinganiswe inani legazi emzimbeni wakho, kufakwa inani elithile le-radioactive iodine tracer emthanjeni wakho. Ama-tracer anjengalawa avumela odokotela ukuthi babheke imisebenzi ethile yomzimba.

Ngemva kokuba le ``(Tracer)`` ixutshwe kahle negazi lakho, udokotela uthatha isampula yegazi kuwe bese elinganisa umsakazo okulo.

Umthamo wegazi lakho ubalwa kusetshenziswa isibalo esilula sezibalo esinjengalesi: `C1V1 = C2V2`.

Lokhu kusho:

• I-`C1` ukugcwala kwe-radioactivity ku-`(Tracer)` eyajovwa.
• I-`V1` ivolumu ye-`(Tracer)` efakiwe.
• I-`C2` ukugcwala kwe-radioactivity egazini lakho ngemva kokuba i-`(Tracer)` ixutshwe kahle negazi lakho.
• `V2` inani legazi emzimbeni wakho (lokho esizama ukukuthola).

Cabanga nje, uma sinikeza umzimba inani elithile lomuthi, sibala inani eliphelele legazi ngokubheka ukuthi lixubana kangakanani negazi bese lincibilika.

Kodwa ukuze wazi ukuthi umthamo wegazi olinganiswa ngale ndlela ujwayelekile, uphakeme, noma uphansi kuwe, udinga ukuwuqhathanisa nomthamo wegazi lakho ojwayelekile. Umthamo wegazi womuntu wonke uhlukile. Umthamo wegazi lakho ojwayelekile ubalwa ngokusekelwe ekuphakameni kwakho, isisindo, kanye nobulili.

Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani ngaphambi kokuhlolwa?

Udokotela wakho uzokweluleka ngalokhu. Ngokuvamile, kungcono ukungadli noma ukuphuza lutho amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Ngosuku lokuhlolwa, kufanele ugweme ukuphuza iziphuzo eziqukethe i-caffeine (njengekhofi netiye). I-caffeine iyi-diuretic, okusho ukuthi ikhulisa ukuchama futhi isuse uketshezi emzimbeni. Eminye imithi iqukethe ne-caffeine. Ngakho-ke, kuwumqondo omuhle ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngemithi oyiphuzayo ngaphambi kokuhlolwa bese ubuza ukuthi idinga ukushintshwa yini, uma kudingeka.

Kwenzekani ngaphambi kokuhlolwa?

Uchwepheshe uzokala ubude nesisindo sakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuzofakwa umugqa we-intravenous (IV) emthanjeni engalweni yakho, esihlakaleni, noma esinqeni. Lena idivayisi efana ne-cannula.

Kwenzekani uma ubhala isivivinyo?

Izinto ezilandelayo zenzeka ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa:

• Uzolaliswa etafuleni lokuhlolwa.
• Uchwepheshe ufaka i-tracer enemisebe ebizwa ngokuthi i-Iodine-131 Human Serum Albumin (HSA) ngomugqa we-IV.
• Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele ulinde cishe imizuzu eyi-12 ukuze i-`(Tracer)` ixubane kahle negazi.
• Ngemva kwalokho, kuthathwa amasampula egazi amaningana cishe njalo ngemizuzu eyisithupha bese ethunyelwa elabhorethri.
• Isivivinyo sonke ngokuvamile asithathi imizuzu engaphezu kwengu-90.

Ngemva kokuhlolwa?

Uchwepheshe uzokhipha i-IV, bese ubuyela ekhaya. Enye ye-radioactive tracer izokhishwa emchameni wakho, kanti okunye kuzophuka ngokwemvelo emzimbeni wakho.Kufanele uphuze amanzi amaningi ngemva kokuhlolwa, okuzosiza i-`(Tracer)` ukuthi iphume emzimbeni wakho ngokushesha.

Ingabe kukhona izingozi kulokhu?

• Akuyona into enhle ukwenza lokhu kuhlolwa uma ukhulelwe noma uncelisa. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho angase afune ukwenza ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.
• Kunethuba elincane lokuthi umuntu abe nokusabela kokungezwani komzimba. Kufanele utshele udokotela wakho uma une-allergies ku-iodine, i-shellfish, noma amaqanda. Uma une-allergies, udokotela wakho angase akwazi ukushintsha isivivinyo ukuze agweme ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba.
• I-iodine enemisebe ‘(Tracer)’ ingalimaza i-thyroid gland yakho. Ukuze kuvinjelwe lokhu, udokotela uzokunika iphilisi le-iodine ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Uma i-thyroid gland yakho imunca i-iodine, ayibe isamunca i-iodine enemisebe.

Imiphumela ithini? Wenzani ngayo?

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa izobonisa ukuthi inani legazi lakho lijwayelekile, liphansi, noma liphezulu. Udokotela wakho angasebenzisa lolu lwazi ukuhlola isimo sakho nokunquma ukuthi yiluphi ukwelashwa okudingekayo.

Kalula nje, "Ukuhlolwa Kwevolumu Yegazi" kulinganisa ukuthi inani legazi emzimbeni wakho lijwayelekile noma cha. Izinguquko kumthamo wegazi zihlotshaniswa nezifo eziningi, futhi zingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvame ukwenziwa ezigulini ezisezindlini zokunakekelwa okujulile. Kungazisiza ukuthi zibuyisele amazinga azo oketshezi esimweni esijwayelekile, futhi kuzisize zilulame ngokushesha.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

• "Ukuhlolwa Komthamo Wegazi" ukuhlolwa okulinganisa inani eliphelele legazi emzimbeni wakho.
• Lokhu kubheka kakhulu inani lamaseli egazi abomvu kanye ne-plasma.
• Kokubili ukwanda komthamo wegazi (i-Hypervolemia) kanye nokwehla komthamo wegazi (i-Hypovolemia) kungabangela izinkinga zempilo.
• Odokotela basebenzisa lolu vivinyo ukuhlonza izimo zezokwelapha ezahlukahlukene nokuhlela ukwelashwa, ikakhulukazi ezimweni eziphuthumayo.
• Nakuba ukuhlolwa kusebenzisa inani elincane lezinto ezinemisebe (i-Radioactive Tracer), kuphephile. Kodwa-ke, akufaneleki komama abakhulelwe nabancelisayo.
• Uma une-allergies, ungakhohlwa ukutshela udokotela kusenesikhathi.

Ngakho-ke, lezi yizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzazi mayelana `(Ukuhlolwa Kwevolumu Yegazi)`. Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nalokhu, ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho, kulungile?

Umthamo wegazi, Umthamo wegazi, Ukuhlolwa komthamo wegazi, i-Hypervolemia, i-Hypovolemia, i-Plasma, amaseli egazi abomvu, Ukuhlolwa kwezempilo