Kwenzekani ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu akho? Ake sixoxe nge-bronchoscopy!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uba nokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma igazi elincane emphinjeni yakho uma ukhwehlela? Ngaleso sikhathi, lapho uya kudokotela, uma ekutshela ukuthi "wenze i-bronchoscopy", ungazizwa wesaba kancane, akunjalo? Ngakho-ke, iyini le bronchoscopy? Kungani yenziwa? Ingabe ibuhlungu uma yenziwe? Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngezimpendulo zemibuzo eminingi onayo engqondweni yakho kulesi sihloko. Asikho isizathu sokwesaba, lokhu akunzima njengoba abantu abaningi becabanga.

Kuyini i-bronchoscopy ngamagama alula?

Kalula nje, i-bronchoscopy inqubo lapho ipayipi elincane elinekhamera encane (i-bronchoscope) lidluliselwa khona ku-windpipe (trachea) nasemaphashini akho. Kufana ne-endoscopy, ebheka ngaphakathi esiswini sakho, kodwa lena imayelana namaphaphu akho. Ikhamera nokukhanya ekugcineni kwaleli payipi kuvumela udokotela ukuthi abone ingaphakathi lendlela yakho yokuphefumula ngokucacile. Lokhu kungasiza ekuxilongeni, ekuhloleni, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ekwelapheni izimo ezithile zamaphaphu.

Njengoba nje uma ipayipi lamanzi endlini yethu livalekile, sifaka ucingo oluncane bese silubheka. Odokotela basebenzisa le divayisi ukubona ukuthi kwenzekani ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamashubhu e-bronchoscope:

• I-Bronchoscope Eguquguqukayo: Lena isetshenziswa kakhulu. Iguquguquka, njengepayipi lerabha, ngakho-ke ingadluliselwa kalula endleleni yomoya. Isetshenziselwa ukugcina indlela yomoya ivulekile, ukuthatha isampula yezicubu (i-biopsy), nokumunca izinto ezifana ne-mucus.
• I-Bronchoscope Eqinile: Lena yipayipi eliqinile neliqinile. Isetshenziswa uma kukhona ukuvaleka okukhulu endleleni yokuphefumula, noma ngezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi njengokufaka i-stent, ukwelapha izimila, noma ukuvimba ukopha.

Yini etholwa yi-bronchoscopy?

Kunezizathu eziningana ezenza udokotela angase akucele ukuthi wenze lokhu kuhlolwa. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini:

• Thola isifo samaphaphu: Thola imbangela yezimpawu zakho, njengokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, ukukhwehlela igazi, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ngemva kokuhlolwa kwe-X-ray noma kwe-CT: Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe kabanzi uma kukhona okungajwayelekile okubonwayo ku-X-ray noma ku-CT scan yakho, njengezimpawu zomdlavuza.
• Ukuvinjelwa komoya: Hlola ukuvinjelwa kanye nokuncipha kwezindlela zomoya bese uzisusa noma uzelaphe.
• Thola izifo noma ukuvuvukala: Thola ukuthi yini ngempela ebangela izifo noma izimo zokuvuvukala emaphashini.
• Thatha isampula: Thatha isampula ye-mucus noma izicubu (i-biopsy) bese uyithumela ukuze iyohlolwa elebhu. Lokhu kuzosiza ekutholeni ukuthi siyini ngempela lesi sifo.
• Faka i-stent: Ngezinye izikhathi le ndlela isetshenziswa ukufaka ipayipi elincane (i-stent) ukuze kugcinwe indlela yokuphefumula ivulekile uma inciphile.

Cabanga nje, ukukhwehlela kuka-anti wethu uKamala akuzange kuphele izinyanga eziningi. Waze wakhwehlela igazi elincane. Lapho ethatha i-X-ray, kwakukhona indawo encane emaphashini akhe. Udokotela wabe esethi akenze i-bronchoscopy, yilapho esasingathola khona ukuthi yini ngempela eyayingalungile.

Ngingakulungiselela kanjani lokhu?

Udokotela wakho noma umhlengikazi uzokunikeza imiyalelo eqondile yokuthi ungazilungiselela kanjani ngaphambi kokuba wenze lokhu kuhlolwa. Kodwa ngokuvamile, nazi ezinye izinto okufanele uzenze:

• Ukuzila Ukudla: Kungcono ukungadli noma ukuphuza lutho amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, ngokuvamile cishe amahora ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili.
• Ukuyeka imithi ethile: Ungase ucelwe ukuthi uyeke ukuthatha imithi ethile, njengemithi yokunciphisa igazi (isib. i-aspirin, i-warfarin), noma imithi yesifo sikashukela, izinsuku ezimbalwa. Kubalulekile ukutshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi, amavithamini, kanye nemithi yamakhambi oyithathayo.
• Umuntu ozokuhambisa ekhaya: Uzonikezwa umuthi wokudambisa ukuze ulale phakathi nalolu vivinyo, ngakho ngeke ukwazi ukushayela ngemuva kokuhlolwa. Ngakho-ke, kuzodingeka ulethe umuntu ozokuhambisa ekhaya.

Ingabe ngidinga i-CT scan ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwe-bronchoscopy?

Ngaphandle kokuthi kuyisimo esiphuthumayo, udokotela wakho uvame uku-oda i-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan) yamaphaphu akho ngaphambi kwe-bronchoscopy. I-CT scan ingasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi anqume ukuthi i-bronchoscopy iyadingeka yini, noma ukuthi kukhona yini izindawo okudingeka zihlolwe.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi se-bronchoscopy?

Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngudokotela wezifo zamaphaphu esibhedlela noma egumbini lokuhlinza. Esikhathini esiningi, kwenziwa ngaphandle kwesibhedlela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungaya ekhaya ngosuku olufanayo ngemva kokuhlolwa.

Uzonikezwa imithi yokukwenza ulale futhi ukhululeke. Uma wenza i-bronchoscopy eqinile noma i-biopsy, ungase unikezwe i-anesthesia ejwayelekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uzolala kakhulu kangangokuthi ngeke uzwe lutho. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nohlobo lwe-anesthesia ozolunikwa.

I-bronchoscopy ivame ukwenziwa kanje:

1. Usawoti : Ipayipi elincane (umugqa we-IV) lifakwa emthanjeni ongalweni yakho bese kunikezwa imithi ngalo ukuze uzizwe ukhululekile futhi ulele.

2. Ukulala embhedeni: Ukulala embhedeni ikhanda liphakeme kancane.

3. Futha kuze kube yilapho ungezwani:Kusetshenziswa i-spray yokufutha emlonyeni wakho (mhlawumbe ekhaleni lakho) nasemphinjeni. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ukungakhululeki okuzwayo uma ufaka ipayipi.

4. Ukufaka i-bronchoscope: Ngemva kokupholisa nokudonsa, udokotela uzofaka i-bronchoscope kancane kancane ngekhala noma ngomlomo wakho, noma ngepayipi elifakwe ngaleso sikhathi uma ulaliswe i-anesthesia, embhobho wakho womoya bese ungena emaphashini akho.

5. Ukususa amathe: Njengoba ungakwazi ukugwinya, amathe aqoqana emlonyeni wakho angasuswa ngepayipi elincane.

6. Ukususa i-bronchoscope: Uma ukuhlolwa sekuqediwe, udokotela ususa ipayipi kancane kancane.

7. Ngaphansi kokubhekwa: Abasebenzi bezokwelapha bazokunakekela uze ubuye uqaphile.

Ingabe ulala ngokuphelele ngenkathi wenza lokhu?

Uzovame ukuzizwa ulele kakhulu, futhi ungase ulale ngisho. Lokhu kuncike ohlotsheni lwe-bronchoscopy olwenzayo nokuthi udokotela ufunani. Iningi labantu lenza lokhu ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile. Ezinye izivivinyo ezincane zingenziwa nge-anesthesia yendawo kuphela.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani i-bronchoscopy?

Ngokuvamile kuthatha imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-90 . Isikhathi esiqondile esithathayo sincike esizathwini udokotela asenzayo.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlolwa?

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, lena inqubo yokulaliswa esibhedlela, ngakho akudingeki uhlale esibhedlela. Ungaya ekhaya zingakapheli amahora ambalwa ngemva kokuhlolwa.

Ithimba lezokwelapha lizokuhlola isikhashana ukuze libone ukuthi uphefumula kahle futhi ugwinya kahle yini. Udokotela angase futhi anqume ukwenza i-X-ray yesifuba ngemva kokuhlolwa ukuze abone ukuthi kukhona yini izinkinga.

Umphimbo wakho uzoba ndikindiki cishe ihora. Ungase ube nomphimbo obuhlungu, ukukhwehlela, kanye nokusha kwamahosha emahoreni angama-24 alandelayo. Amaconsi okukhwehlela angasetshenziswa ukuqeda umphimbo obuhlungu. Iningi labantu lingabuyela emisebenzini evamile ngosuku olulandelayo. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela uma udinga ukunciphisa imisebenzi yakho.

Ithimba lezokwelapha lizokwazisa ukuthi ungalindela nini imiphumela yokuhlolwa nokuthi kufanele ubuye nini ukuyobona udokotela.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama?

Kuzodingeka uhlale egumbini lokululama esibhedlela okungenani imizuzu engama-45, mhlawumbe isikhathi eside, kuze kube yilapho ungeke ulale futhi izimpawu zakho ezibalulekile (njengokuphefumula nomfutho wegazi) zibuyele esimweni esijwayelekile. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, abasebenzi bezokwelapha bazokuqapha eduze ukuze babone ukuthi unemiphumela emibi engavamile yini ngemva kokuhlolwa.

Ngingadla futhi ngiphuze ngemva kokuhlolwa?

Ungadli noma uphuze lutho kuze kube yilapho ukuba ndikindiki emphinjeni wakho sekuphelile ngokuphelele (okungathatha ihora elilodwa). Uma ukuba ndikindiki sekuphelile, phuza amanzi kuqala, bese uqala ngokudla okungenamsoco njengephalishi neyogathi.Uma udla noma uphuza ngokushesha kakhulu, ukudla nesiphuzo kungangena emaphashini akho (i-aspirate) noma ungase uminze.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona nge-bronchoscopy?

I-Bronchoscopy inqubo ephephile kakhulu, kodwa kunezingozi ezingavamile kakhulu, njenge:

• Imbobo endleleni yokuphefumula.
• Ukulimala noma ukuvuvukala kwezintambo zezwi.
• I-Pneumothorax.

Ngokuvamile, odokotela basebenzisa i-bronchoscope eguquguqukayo ngoba ingaqondiswa kalula emigwaqweni yomoya futhi ingafinyelela ezindaweni ezincane zamaphaphu. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, kudingeka i-bronchoscope eqinile.

Ngaphambi kokwenza lokhu kuhlolwa, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezingozi nokuthi ngabe usengozini enkulu yezinkinga.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi imiphumela ye-bronchoscopy ibuye?

Buza ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ukuthi uzoyithola nini imiphumela. Uma kwenziwe i-biopsy ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, imiphumela kufanele itholakale zingakapheli isonto. Kuye ngohlobo lokuhlolwa, imiphumela ingase itholakale maduze noma kamuva.

Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa le miphumela ukunquma ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo zakho zokwelashwa ezilandelayo ezizoba yizo. Lokhu kungahluka kumuntu nomuntu, kuye ngokuthi yini etholakale ngesikhathi se-bronchoscopy.

Kufanele ngixhumane nini nodokotela wami?

Ngemva kokuhlolwa, kufanele ushayele udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu. Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokutheleleka, iphaphu eliwile, noma enye inkinga:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Umkhuhlane oqhubekayo.
• Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo noma ukukhwehlela igazi.
• Izimpawu ze-pneumonia (isib. umkhuhlane ophakeme, ubuhlungu besifuba, impumulo egobhozayo).

Okokugcina, khumbula lokhu (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Bronchoscopy ayiyona into okufanele uyesabe. Iyisivivinyo esiphephile esisiza ekutholeni izinkinga emaphashini akho nasemigudwini yomoya. Ngezinye izikhathi ingasetshenziswa ngisho nokuzelapha. Kwenziwa endaweni yokulaliswa esibhedlela, lapho kufakwa khona ipayipi elincane emaphashini akho. Uma udokotela wakho ekutshela ukuthi wenze lesi sivivinyo, uzokutshela okwengeziwe ngendlela yokusilungiselela. Uma unemibuzo, ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela wakho. Impilo yakho iyona nto ebaluleke kakhulu!

I- Bronchoscopy, ukuhlolwa kwamaphaphu, isifo sokuphefumula, i-biopsy, i-stent, amaphaphu, ukukhwehlela