Udokotela wakho kungenzeka ukuthi ukucele ukuthi uhlolwe igazi noma uhlolwe umchamo ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kwezinso zakho, akunjalo? Ngezinye izikhathi sizizwa sesaba futhi sinovalo uma sicelwa ukuthi senze ukuhlolwa okunjalo. Abanye abantu besaba ukukhishwa kwegazi enalitini, kanti abanye bangase bazizwe bengavamile ngokunika umuntu inkomishi yomchamo. Kodwa le mizwa ivamile kakhulu. Into ebalulekile ukuthi lezi zivivinyo ziyithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu lokwazi ukuthi izinso zakho ziphilile futhi zisebenza kahle.
Okokuqala, ake sibone ukuthi ziyini lezi zinso? Kungani zibaluleke kangaka kithi?
Kalula nje, izinso zethu zifana nohlelo lokuhlunga olumangalisayo emzimbeni. Iningi labantu linezinso ezimbili. Zitholakala ngemuva kwesisu, kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zomgogodla, ngaphansi nje kwekheji lezimbambo.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wezinso ukuhlanza igazi lethu. Okungukuthi, ukuhlunga imfucuza engafuneki kanye namanzi angaphezulu egazini bese kukhishwa emzimbeni njengomchamo.
Akukhona lokho kuphela, izinso zenza eminye imisebenzi eminingana ebaluleke kakhulu:
- Ikhiqiza ama-hormone alawula umfutho wegazi .
- Ikhiqiza i-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-erythropoietin . Yilokhu okusiza ekwakheni amangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi yiwo athwala umoya-mpilo emizimbeni yethu yonke.
- Ivuselela i-vitamin D, ebalulekile ekugcineni amathambo nemisipha iphilile.
Kungani udinga ukuhlolwa kwezinso?
Udokotela wakho angase abe nezizathu eziningana zokwenza ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinso.
Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi unezimo zezokwelapha ezifana nesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme . Lezi zifo zingalimaza izinso ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, lezi zivivinyo zisiza ekuqapheni njalo ukuthi izinso zomuntu onesifo esinjalo zisebenza kahle yini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma unezimpawu ezibonisa inkinga yezinso, udokotela wakho angase akuncome lokhu kuhlolwa.
| Isibonakaliso | Ngamagama alula... |
|---|---|
| Igazi emchameni (i-hematuria) | Umchamo obomvu noma onsundu. |
| Umchamo onegwebu (proteinuria) | Umchamo onegwebu omningi kunokuvamile. Lokhu kungase kubonise ukuthi kukhona iphrotheni emchameni. |
| Ukushisa noma ubuhlungu lapho uchama (i-dysuria) | Ukusha kanye nobuhlungu lapho uchama. |
| Isidingo sokuphuza njalo | Ukuzwa isidingo sokuchama kaningi kunokujwayelekile. |
| Ukuvuvukala komzimba (i-edema) | Ukuvuvukala, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni, emaqakaleni nasezingalweni. |
| Ukuzizwa ukhathele ngendlela engavamile (ukukhathala) | Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu ngaphandle kwesizathu, ngisho nangemva kokulala kahle. |
| Isicanucanu nokuhlanza | Ukucanuzela nokuhlanza ngisho noma isisu singavuvukalanga. |
Yiziphi izinhlobo zokuhlolwa okwenziwa ezinso?
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuhlolwa kokuhlola ukusebenza kwezinso: ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nokuhlolwa komchamo.
Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi
- I-Serum Creatinine: I-Creatinine iwumkhiqizo ongcolile okhiqizwa lapho imisipha yethu isebenza. Izinso ezinempilo zihlunga le creatinine egazini bese ziyikhipha emchameni. Uma izinso zingasebenzi kahle, izinga le-creatinine egazini liyakhuphuka. Ngakho-ke lokhu kuhlolwa kulinganisa ukuthi ingakanani i-creatinine egazini.
- I-Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN): Uma sidla ukudla okucebile ngamaprotheni, kwakheka imfucuza ene-nitrogen ngesikhathi sokugaya ukudla. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-urea. Le urea nayo iyahlungwa futhi isuswe yizinso. Uma izinso zingasebenzi kahle, izinga le-urea egazini liyakhuphuka.
- I-GFR elinganiselwe (eGFR):Lokhu kuvame ukuba yindlela eyinhloko yokulinganisa ukusebenza kwezinso. I-GFR imele i-Glomerular Filtration Rate. Okusho ukuthi, lingakanani igazi elihlungwa yizinso zakho ngomzuzu. Ngenxa yokuthi lokhu kunzima ukukulinganisa ngqo, kubalwa kusetshenziswa izici ezifana nezinga le-creatinine egazini lakho, ubudala, kanye nobulili. Lokho kubizwa ngokuthi i-eGFR.
Ukuhlolwa Komchamo
- Ukuhlolwa komchamo: Lokhu ukuhlolwa komchamo okuvamile. Isampula yomchamo wakho ihlolwa izinto ezifana negazi, amaprotheni, noshukela. Ihlola nezinto ezifana ne-asidi yomchamo wakho.
- I-Microalbuminuria: Lokhu ukuhlolwa komchamo okukhethekile. Kubheka inani elincane kakhulu leprotheyini ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-albumin emchameni. Le phrotheyini ayihlungwa yizinso eziphilile. Ukuba khona kwe-albumin emchameni kungaba uphawu lokuqala lokuthi izinso seziqala ukonakala.
- Ukuhlolwa Kokuqoqwa Komchamo Kwamahora Angama-24: Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuthi uqoqe wonke umchamo owudlulayo phakathi nosuku bese uwuhlola. Lokhu kungakusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi izinso zakho zikhipha udoti ongakanani usuku ngalunye.
Uzilungiselela kanjani lezi zivivinyo?
Indlela ozilungiselela ngayo ingahluka kancane kuye ngokuthi uluhlola kanjani.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi:
- Ungase ucelwe ukuthi uzile ukudla amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Udokotela wakho noma ilebhu yakho izokweluleka ngalokhu.
- Uma isikhumba ezandleni zakho somile, kungumqondo omuhle ukufaka i-moisturizer ngosuku olwandulela ukuhlolwa. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula kumuntu othatha igazi ukuthola umthambo.
- Uma wesaba izinaliti, tshela umuntu othatha igazi lakho kusengaphambili. Zizokusiza ukuthi uzole.
Ukuhlolwa komchamo:
- Ngokuvamile, akukho ukulungiselela okukhethekile okudingekayo ukuze kuhlolwe umchamo. Kodwa-ke, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuphuza ingilazi yamanzi ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula ukunikeza inani elidingekayo lesampula yomchamo.
- Uma ungowesifazane futhi ubhala ukuhlolwa ngosuku oya ngalo esikhathini, tshela udokotela wakho noma ilabhorethri ngakho, njengoba igazi lokuya esikhathini lingathinta imiphumela yombiko.
Ngemva kokuhlolwa... uwuqonda kanjani umbiko?
Uma uthola umbiko wakho wokuhlolwa, ungakhathazeki ngezinombolo ezikuwo. Udokotela wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukuchaza ukuthi zisho ukuthini kuwe. Kodwa ngokuvamile, kunezinto ezimbili ezibalulekile okufanele uzibheke.
1. Izinga Lokuhlunga Le-Glomerular Elilinganiselwe (i-eGFR)
Lesi yisilinganiso sokuhluzwa kwezinso. Umuntu omdala onempilo une-eGFR eyi-100 noma ngaphezulu.
- Inani le-eGFR eliphakathi kuka-60 no-100:Lokhu kusho ukuthi yize izinso zonakele ngandlela thile, zisasebenza kahle.
- Inani le-eGFR elingaphansi kuka-60: Lokhu kungabonisa ukuba khona kweSifo Sezinso Esingamahlalakhona (CKD).
Okubalulekile: Ngisho noma ungenaso isifo, i-eGFR yakho izoncipha ngokwemvelo njengoba ukhula.
| Ibanga Lobudala | I-eGFR emaphakathi |
|---|---|
| Iminyaka engu-20-29 ubudala | 116 |
| Iminyaka engu-30-39 ubudala | 107 |
| Iminyaka engu-40-49 ubudala | 99 |
| Iminyaka engu-50-59 ubudala | 93 |
| Iminyaka engu-60-69 ubudala | 85 |
| Iminyaka engaphezu kuka-70 | 75 |
2. Isilinganiso se-Urine Albumin-Creatinine (uACR)
Lokhu kulinganisa ukuthi ingakanani i-albumin (uhlobo lweprotheni) esemchameni wakho.
- Inani elijwayelekile: ngaphansi kuka-30 mg/g.
- Inani lengozi: Inani elingu-300 mg/g noma ngaphezulu libonisa ingozi ephezulu yokwehluleka kwezinso.
Kuthiwani uma imiphumela yombiko ibonisa icala lokuqala lesifo sezinso?
Okokuqala, ungesabi. Uma imiphumela yombiko wakho ibonisa isifo sezinso esisesigabeni sokuqala, udokotela wakho uzochaza izinyathelo ezilandelayo okufanele uzithathe.
- Unganikwa imithi yokulawula umfutho wegazi lakho.
- Ungathunyelwa kudokotela ochwepheshe bezifo zezinso, noma kudokotela wezinso .
- Ungase ucelwe ukuthi wenze ukuhlolwa okuvamile ukuze kuqashwe isimo sezinso zakho.
- Ungase welulekwe futhi ukuthi wenze izinguquko ekudleni.
Into eyodwa okufanele uyikhumbule: Ukuphuza amanzi amaningi kuphela ngeke kubuyisele emuva ukulimala kwezinso. Ukuphuza amanzi amaningi ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kungase kwehlise amazinga akho e-creatinine okwesikhashana, kodwa ngeke kuphulukise lesi simo. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuhlolwa Kokusebenza Kwezinso kulula, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu okungakusiza ukuthi unqume impilo yezinso zakho.
- Uma unesifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza lezi zivivinyo njalo, njengoba kuceliwe udokotela wakho.
- Ungazinaki izimpawu ezifana nokushintsha komchamo, ukuvuvukala, kanye nokukhathala okungavamile.
- Xoxa njalo ngemiphumela yombiko wakho wokuhlolwa nodokotela wakho. Ungenzi izinqumo zakho ngokugula kwakho ngokusekelwe olwazini olutholakala ku-inthanethi.
- Uma isifo sezinso sitholakala ezigabeni zaso zokuqala, singalawulwa ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nokushintsha indlela yokuphila.
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