Ingabe amehlo akho womabili asengozini yokuthola i-glaucoma? Ake sifunde ngalezi zivivinyo!

Unjani? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esingathinta amehlo ethu buthule kanye nokuhlolwa okuthile okungasiza ekutholeni kusenesikhathi. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-glaucoma. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngaleli gama, noma othile emndenini wakho angase abe nalesi simo. Ungakhathazeki, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba nolwazi oluphelele ngalokhu.

Kuyini i-glaucoma? Ake sikuqonde kalula.

Kalula nje, i-glaucoma iyiqembu lezifo zamehlo ezilimaza i-optic nerve engaphakathi kweso. Le optic nerve yilokho esikubonayo, ingxenye yeso ezwa ukukhanya ebizwa ngokuthi i-retina, futhi ithwala izimpawu ezivela ku-retina ziye ebuchosheni. Njengesithombe esithathwe ngekhamera, sibona izithombe kuphela uma lezi zimpawu zifika ebuchosheni.

I-glaucoma ivame ukubangelwa ukucindezeleka okukhulu ngaphakathi kweso. Lokhu kucindezeleka kuyalimaza kancane kancane i-optic nerve. Into edabukisayo ukuthi, ivame ukuthuthuka ngaphandle kokubonisa izimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Yingakho abanye abantu beyibiza ngokuthi "isitha esithule." Uma ingelashwa, ukubona kungawohloka kancane kancane futhi kuholele ngisho nasekungabonini.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-glaucoma?

Abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okuthola i-glaucoma kunabanye. Hlola ukuthi unazo yini lezi zinto eziyingozi:

• Uma othile emndenini wakho ene-glaucoma: Uma umama wakho, ubaba, noma izingane zakini zine-glaucoma, nawe usengozini enkulu yokuba nayo.
• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala: Ingozi iyanda njengoba iminyaka ikhula.
• Uhlanga: Abantu bomdabu base-Afrika (ikakhulukazi labo abane-glaucoma evulekile) kanye nabavela eMpumalanga Asia (ikakhulukazi labo abane-glaucoma evaliwe) basengozini enkulu.
• Ukulimala kwamehlo noma ukuhlinzwa okuyinkimbinkimbi: Uma uke walimala iso ngaphambilini noma wahlinzwa kakhulu.
• Ukubona kude: Lokhu kuyisici esiyingozi kwezinye izinhlobo ze-glaucoma (i-closed-angle glaucoma).
• Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha:
• Isifo Sikashukela (i-Diabetes Mellitus)`
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (i-Hypertension)
• Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwemithi ethile: Ikakhulukazi uma uqhubeka nokusebenzisa imithi esesigabeni `(corticosteroid)` (isibonelo `(prednisone)`).

Kufanele ngithole nini ukuhlolwa kwe-glaucoma?

Uma unezinkinga zamehlo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela wamehlo ngokushesha okukhulu ukuze ahlolwe amehlo ngokuphelele, okuhlanganisa nokuhlolwa kwe-glaucoma:

• Izindawo ezingaboni: Uma uzizwa sengathi ulahlekelwa ukubona izindawo ezithile.
• Umbono ofiphele.
• Ukuzwa ubuhlungu noma ingcindezi emehlweni.
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda obuhlala bukhona.
• Ukubona iziyingi zothingo uma ubheka ukukhanya.
• Ukubomvu kwamehlo.
• Umbono womhubhe: Ukubona ngqo phambili, njengokungathi ubheka ngepayipi.

Ngokusho kwe-American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO), abantu abasengozini ye-glaucoma kufanele bahlolwe amehlo ngokuphelele ngokwale shejuli:

* Iminyaka engu-40 kuya kwengu-54: Njalo eminyakeni eyi-1-3.

* Iminyaka engu-55 kuya kwengu-64: Njalo eminyakeni engu-1-2.

* Ubudala obungu-65 nangaphezulu: Njalo ezinyangeni ezingu-6-12.

Ubani owenza izivivinyo ze-glaucoma?

Lezi zivivinyo zenziwa udokotela wamehlo, udokotela ogxile ekuvimbeleni, ekuxilongeni, nasekwelapheni izifo zamehlo.

Lezi zivivinyo ze-glaucoma zenziwa kanjani?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-glaucoma akuyona ukuhlolwa okukodwa. Kungaba inhlanganisela yezivivinyo eziningana. Ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi iningi lalezi zivivinyo liyashesha, alibuhlungu, futhi alihlaseli. Lezi zivivinyo zisiza udokotela wakho wamehlo ukuthi abheke ngaphakathi kweso lakho, ahlole ukuthi kukhona yini umonakalo wokubona, futhi akhethe ukwelashwa okufanele.

Manje ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi lezi zivivinyo eziyinhloko ze-glaucoma:

1. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Angle / i-Gonioscopy

Lokhu kuhlolwa kubheka i-engeli lapho ingxenye esobala yeso lakho (i-cornea) kanye nengxenye enemibala yeso lakho (iris) ihlangana khona. Le engeli yilapho uhlelo lokukhipha amanzi olukhipha amanzi aphuma ngaphakathi kweso lutholakala khona.

Udokotela uzoqala ngokufaka amaconsi amehlo aqeda amandla esweni lakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuzobekwa ilensi ekhethekile ku-cornea yakho ukuze kubonakale ukuthi i-engeli ivuliwe noma ivaliwe. Uma i-engeli ivaliwe, kusho ukuthi uhlelo lokukhipha amanzi luvaliwe. Lokhu kungaba uphawu lwe-glaucoma. Lokhu kuhlolwa kubizwa nangokuthi i-gonioscopy.

2. Ukulinganisa ukujiya kwe-cornea / i-Pachymetry

Lokhu kulinganisa ubukhulu be-cornea yakho. Lokhu kusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi ahlole ingozi yakho ye-glaucoma. Lokhu kuhilela nokufaka amehlo akho enkingeni ngamaconsi amehlo bese ulinganisa ubukhulu ngokuthinta i-cornea yakho ngethuluzi elincane elibizwa ngokuthi "i-pachymetry".

3. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvulekile

Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka amaconsi esweni lakho ukuze kwandiswe i-pupil, indilinga emnyama phakathi kweso lakho. Lokhu kuvumela uchwepheshe wamehlo ukubona i-retina kanye ne-optic nerve ngaphakathi kweso lakho ngendlela ekhulisiwe. Ithuluzi elikhethekile likhanyisa iso lakho. Lokhu kuvumela udokotela ukuthi ahlole umbala, usayizi, ukuma, kanye nemithambo yegazi ye-optic nerve bese enquma ukuthi kukhona yini umonakalo noma ukuthi ubangelwa yi-glaucoma.

4. Ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kwamehlo / i-Tonometry

Ukwanda kwengcindezi ngaphakathi kweso kuyisibonakaliso esikhulu se-glaucoma. Phakathi nalolu vivinyo, udokotela wakho uzofaka namaconsi abangela ukungazwani esweni lakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufakwa ithuluzi elincane ebusweni belihlo lakho ukuze linciphise i-cornea kancane futhi lilinganise ingcindezi engaphakathi. Lokhu kuhlolwa akubuhlungu futhi kuthatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlale unganyakazi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi "i-Tonometry" noma "i-applanation".

5. Ukuthwebula izithombe zemizwa yamehlo

Lokhu kuthatha izithombe ze-retina yakho kanye ne-optic nerve. Izithombe zithathwa ngekhamera ekhethekile yedijithali, ekhulisa inhlamvu yeso lakho.

Ochwepheshe abaningi bamehlo basebenzisa umshini okhethekile obizwa ngokuthi "Optical Coherence Tomography", noma i-OCT, ngalokhu. Okudingeka ukwenze nje ukubeka isilevu sakho esiseleni somshini bese ubheka ilensi. Akukho lutho oluthinta iso lakho. Umshini uthatha izithombe zazo zonke izingqimba zezicubu zamehlo kungakapheli umzuzu noma emibili bese ubala leyo ndawo.

6. Ukuhlolwa kwensimu ebonakalayo (Ukuhlolwa kwensimu ebonakalayo / I-Perimetry)

Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlola ukulahleka kwezindawo ezithile zombono wakho (isibonelo, ukubona eceleni uma ubheka phambili). Kwenziwa njalo ukuze kutholakale ukuthi i-glaucoma imbi kangakanani nokuthi ishesha kangakanani ukuthuthuka.

Kulesi sivivinyo, udokotela ukucela ukuthi ubheke phambili kokuthile (isib., ikhala likadokotela). Ungase ucelwe futhi ukuthi uvale iso elilodwa. Bese kuthi, ngenkathi ubheka phambili, bakubuze ukuthi kukhona yini ongakubona ekhoneni lokubona kwakho.

Ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa umshini kulokhu. Ngendlela ebizwa ngokuthi ``Automated static perimetry'', kufanele ubheke umshini bese ubona ``izibani'' eziwubonayo. Kwenye indlela, kufanele ubheke iphethini yemigqa bese ubona ukuthi kukhona yini ukufiphala noma izikhala.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlolwa kwe-glaucoma?

Kunezinto ezithile okungadingeka uziqaphele ngemva kokuhlolwa. Isibonelo, ukubona kwakho kungase kube mfushane kancane. Kungumqondo omuhle ukuba othile akuphelezele uye ekhaya. Uma uhlolwe amehlo ngokuvuleka, kuzodingeka ugqoke izibuko zelanga ukuze uvikele amehlo akho ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo kanye nemisebe ye-UV. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela okwengeziwe ngalokhu.

Ingabe zikhona izingozi kulezi zivivinyo?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Glaucoma ngokuvamile kuphephile kakhulu futhi akunazo izingozi ezinkulu. Ngemva kokuhlolwa, umbono wakho ungase ungabonakali kahle noma uzwele ekukhanyeni. Kodwa lokhu kuzothuthuka kancane kancane phakathi nosuku.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa?

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa okuningi kwe-glaucoma ingaziwa cishe ngosuku olufanayo, ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Isho ukuthini imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-glaucoma?

Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzoxoxa nawe ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa futhi akuchazele ukuthi isho ukuthini. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela imiphumela yazo zonke izivivinyo bese enquma ukuthi usengozini yokuthola i-glaucoma, ukuthi unesifo yini, nokuthi uma kunjalo, uhlobo luni.

Uma imiphumela ingaphezu kwesilinganiso esijwayelekile, kungaba yi-glaucoma, noma kungaba uphawu lokuthi kudingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Imiphumela engavamile ingafaka:

• I-Gonioscopy: Ukuncipha noma ukuvaleka komsele wokukhipha amanzi weso.
• I-Pachymetry: Ukuncipha kwe-cornea (lokhu kwandisa ingozi ye-primary open-angle glaucoma).
• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvulekile: Usayizi noma ukuma okungajwayelekile kwemithambo yegazi ngaphakathi kweso.
• Ukulinganisa ukucindezeleka kwamehlo: Ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kwamehlo kungaphezu kwamamilimitha angu-22 e-mercury (22 mmHg).
• Ukuthwebula izithombe ze-optic nerve: Izinto ezingavamile njengokuvuvukala nokwelula kwe-optic nerve noma amaqhubu e-retinal.
• Ukuhlolwa kwensimu yokubona: Ezinye izindawo zokubona zibonakala zingenalutho noma zingacacile.

Kuthiwani uma ngine-glaucoma?

Udokotela wakho uzokweluleka ngalokho okufanele ukwenze ngokulandelayo. Angase akutshele ukuthi uqhubeke nokuhlolwa kwamehlo akho njalo. Noma angakutshela ukuthi uqale ukwelashwa kwe-glaucoma. Ukwelashwa kungafaka:

• Imithi yokunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwamehlo: Amaconsi noma amaphilisi emehlweni.
• Ukuhlinzwa: Ukuhlinzwa kokudala isikhala esisha sokukhipha uketshezi oluningi esweni, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwamehlo.
• Ukuhlinzwa kokubopha i-Tubal: Amapayipi amancane afakwa esweni ukuze kususwe uketshezi oluningi.
• Ukwelashwa nge-laser: Imisebe ye-laser isetshenziselwa ukusiza ukukhipha uketshezi.

Uphila kanjani nokulahlekelwa umbono?

Uma i-glaucoma itholakala kusenesikhathi, ukuqhubeka kwayo kungalawulwa futhi kwelashwe. Ngaphezu kokwelashwa udokotela wakho akuyalelayo, kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze kukusize ubhekane nokulahlekelwa kwakho ukubona. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu futhi.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, i-glaucoma yisifo esingakhula ngaphandle kokubonisa izimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo ukuze kutholakale lesi sifo ngaphambi kokuba sibangele ukulahlekelwa umbono.

Umyalezo Okufanele Uwuthathe Ekhaya (Izinto Okufanele Uzikhumbule)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sesikhulume kakhulu ngokuhlolwa kwe-glaucoma namuhla. Kalula nje, lokhu kuhlolwa kungathola ukuthi i-optic nerve yakho yonakele yini nokuthi iyawuthinta yini umbono wakho. Udokotela wakho wamehlo angenza ukuhlolwa okukodwa noma ngaphezulu ukuhlola i-glaucoma. Uzobe esekunikeza ukwelashwa okufanele.

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi i-glaucoma ingavela ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo ukuze ugcine amehlo akho ephilile, ikakhulukazi uma unezici eziyingozi. Ngemuva kwalokho, uma kunenkinga, ingatholakala futhi yelashwe ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ukulahleka kokubona. Kungumthwalo wakho ukuvikela amehlo akho!

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