Kuyini ngempela ukulinganisa umdlavuza? Bukela lokhu ukuze uqonde ukuthi odokotela bathini!

Abaningi bethu bayesaba uma sizwa igama elithi umdlavuza, akunjalo? Kuvamile kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho odokotela bekhuluma ngesigaba somdlavuza futhi besebenzisa lezo zinhlamvu nezinombolo ezinjalo, kukwenza uzibuze, 'Kusho ukuthini lokhu?' Cishe uke wazizwa ngendlela efanayo. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namuhla, kulesi sihloko, sizokhuluma ngokuthi kuyini ukuhlukaniswa komdlavuza, ukuthi odokotela bawunquma kanjani, nokuthi uthinta kanjani ukwelashwa kwakho.

Kungani odokotela befuna amathuba omdlavuza kangaka?

Cabanga nje, uma unomkhuhlane, udokotela uqala ngokubheka ukuthi kungani unomkhuhlane nokuthi uyingozi kangakanani. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukunikeza i-paracetamol nje ngeke kusize. Kuyafana nangomdlavuza. Umdlavuza uyisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Indlela okhula futhi usakazeke ngayo ihlukile kumuntu ngamunye. Ngakho-ke, ithimba lodokotela liyahlangana ukuze linqume ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe. Uma bazi isigaba esiqondile somdlavuza, bonke bangaba nombono ocacile ngesimo sakho. Kufana nokuthi wonke umuntu ukhuluma ulimi olufanayo.

Enye into ukuthi ukwelashwa komdlavuza kuyashintsha usuku nosuku. Kodwa-ke, uma inqubo yokulinganisa isinqunyiwe, ayishintshi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe kuvela ukwelashwa okusha, isigaba sokuqala somdlavuza wakho siyisisekelo sokwelashwa kwakho esikhathini esizayo.

Ngokuvamile, into yokuqala umuntu onomdlavuza afuna ukuyazi ukuthi, 'Yini elandelayo kimi? Ingabe lokhu kuzolapheka?' Lokho kubizwa ngokuthi ukubikezela . Uma odokotela bazi isigaba esiqondile somdlavuza, bangasiqhathanisa nokuhlangenwe nakho kweziguli ezike zaba nomdlavuza ofanayo esikhathini esidlule futhi bakunike imibono ethile.

Futhi, la mathuba abaluleke kakhulu ezivivinyweni zemitholampilo kanye nocwaningo lokuthola imithi emisha yomdlavuza kanye nokwelashwa. Ezinye izifundo zisebenzisa kuphela abantu abanohlobo olufanayo lomdlavuza ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngakho-ke uma unesifiso sokuhlanganyela ocwaningweni olunjalo, isigaba sakho somdlavuza sizonquma ukuthi ungakhethwa yini kuso noma cha.

Isigaba salo mdlavuza sinqunywa kanjani?

Odokotela bacabangela izici eziningana ezibalulekile lapho benquma isigaba somdlavuza:

• Ubukhulu besimila nokuthi sikhula kanjani.
• Indawo yesimila.
• Ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele yini ngale kwalapho waqala khona.

Kunezindlela ezahlukene zokuthola lezi zinto. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini.

Amacala omdlavuza: ngobukhulu besimila kanye nokukhula kwaso

Ezinhlotsheni eziningi zomdlavuza, odokotela basebenzisa uhlelo lwezinombolo ukuze babatshele ukuthi kuzokwenzekani. Kalula nje, kunje:

• Umdlavuza wesigaba 0: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho kukhona amangqamuzana angajwayelekile, kodwa engakasabalali ngale kwalapho aqale khona. Ngezinye izikhathi lawa abizwa ngokuthi amangqamuzana angaphambi komdlavuza . Ezimweni eziningi, umdlavuza wesigaba 0 ungelapheka ngokuphelele.Cabanga ngesitshalo esincane esisesebhodweni elincane, esingenazimpande okwamanje.
• Isigaba I (1) (Umdlavuza wesigaba I): Lapha, umdlavuza mncane futhi usendaweni eyodwa. Awukasabalali kuma-lymph node aseduze noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
• Isigaba II (2) (Umdlavuza Wesigaba II): Isimila sikhule kancane futhi kungenzeka ukuthi sisakazekele kuma-lymph node aseduze.
• Isigaba III (3) (Umdlavuza weSigaba III): Isimila sesikhule kakhulu futhi sesingene ezicutshini ezizungezile. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi sisabalale kuma-lymph node aseduze.
• Isigaba IV (4) (Umdlavuza wesigaba IV): Lesi yisigaba esibucayi kakhulu. Umdlavuza ususakazeke ngale kwendawo yokuqala futhi ususakazeke ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi umdlavuza osakazekile . Ufana nesitshalo esikhula sibe sikhulu, futhi imbewu yaso ishaywa umoya futhi izitshalo ezintsha zikhula kuyo yonke ingadi.

Odokotela abavami ukusebenzisa isigaba esibizwa ngokuthi isigaba V (5) . Isibonelo esisodwa yi- Wilms tumor . Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza wezinso oluvela ezinganeni ezincane. Isigaba sesi-5 se-Wilms tumor sisho ukuthi zombili izinso ziyathinteka.

Kusho ukuthini u-A, u-B, u-C, no-D ezimweni zomdlavuza?

Ngezinye izikhathi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wabona odokotela bebhala izincwadi ezifana no-A, B, C, D kanye nenombolo. Isibonelo, udokotela wakho womdlavuza angase athi unomdlavuza wesigaba se-IIA (2A), noma umdlavuza wesigaba se-IIIB (3B). Lezi zincwadi zengeza imininingwane eyengeziwe ngesimo sakho.

Kalula nje, uhlamvu A lusho umdlavuza osakazeka kancane kancane (Ongenalo ulaka oluningi) . Uhlamvu D lusho umdlavuza osakazeka ngokushesha (Onolaka oluningi) ngaphakathi kwalelo nani . Lokho kusho ukuthi, umdlavuza we-IIA usakazeka kancane kunomdlavuza we-IIB. Kodwa umdlavuza we-IIIA usakazeka ngokushesha kunomdlavuza we-IIB. Kuzwakala kudida kancane? Ungakuchaza lokhu uma ukhuluma nodokotela wakho.

Amacala omdlavuza: kuye ngendawo

Odokotela bakhuluma nangamathuba okuthi umdlavuza ukuphi:

• Esimweni: Lokhu kufana nomdlavuza wesigaba 0 esikhulume ngawo ngaphambili. Kukhona amangqamuzana angajwayelekile noma anomdlavuza, kodwa awasakazeki.
• Ezitholakala endaweni: Amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhona, kodwa awasakazeki ngale kwesimila esiyinhloko.
• Isifunda: Amaseli omdlavuza asakazeke kusukela esimila sokuqala kuya ezicutshini eziseduze, ama-lymph node, noma izitho zomzimba.
• Okude: Amangqamuzana omdlavuza asakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba kude nesimila sokuqala.
• Akwaziwa: Ngezinye izikhathi awekho ulwazi olwanele lokusho ngokunembile isigaba somdlavuza. Uma kunjalo, kubizwa kanje.

Ukuhlelwa kwe-TNM (Ukuhlelwa kwe-TNM)

Lolu uhlelo lwe-TNM.Kuyindlela evamile kakhulu odokotela abayisebenzisa ukuchaza ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalale kangakanani.

• I-T (Isimila esiyinhloko): Lokhu kubhekisela kusayizi wesimila esiyinhloko nokuthi sisakazeke kangakanani ezicutshini eziseduze.
• N (Node): Lokhu kukutshela ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele kuma-lymph node aseduze , futhi uma kunjalo, ngezinga elingakanani.
• M (Metastasis): Lokhu kubhekisela ekusabalaleni kwezicubu . Okusho ukuthi, ngabe umdlavuza ususakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba ezikude .

Uhlelo lwe-TNM lungasetshenziswa ukunquma isigaba sezimila eziqinile, njengomdlavuza webele kanye nomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu. Kodwa-ke, alusetshenziswa kumdlavuza wegazi, njenge -leukemia noma i-lymphoma .

Kwezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, odokotela basebenzisa nezinye izinhlelo ezithile zokulinganisa. Isibonelo uhlelo lwe-Lugano, olusetshenziselwa i-Hodgkin lymphoma kanye ne-non-Hodgkin lymphoma . Esinye isibonelo uhlelo lwe-FIGO , olusetshenziselwa eminye imidlavuza yesistimu yokuzala yabesifazane.

Ungabuza udokotela wakho we-oncologist ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokulinganisa ayisebenzisayo yomdlavuza wakho. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi uqonde kangcono isimo sakho.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuthola umdlavuza?

Ngaphezu kokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, odokotela benza nezinye izivivinyo eziningana ezikhethekile ukuze bathole isigaba somdlavuza. Ezinye zalezi zifaka:

• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography - i-CT scan): Lokhu kuskena kusiza odokotela ukuthola izinto ezifana nezigaba zokuqala zomdlavuza kanye nendawo yesimila .
• Ukuskena kwe-PET (i-Positron Emission Tomography - ukuskena kwe-PET): Lokhu kuhlolwa kungasetshenziswa ukubona ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele yini ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba.
• I-Endoscopy: Lokhu kuhilela ukudlulisa ithuluzi elincane elifana nethubhu esithweni esingenalutho (isibonelo, esiswini noma emathunjini) ukuze lihlolwe izimpawu zomdlavuza.
• I-Biopsy: Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngalokhu. Kuthathwa isampula yezicubu bese kuhlolwa ukuze kutholakale okwengeziwe ngomdlavuza. Lokhu ukuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi komdlavuza: Ngezinye izikhathi, izinto ezibizwa ngokuthi izimpawu ze-tumor egazini zinganikeza umbono ngobukhulu be-tumor noma inani lomdlavuza emzimbeni.

Udokotela uzonquma isigaba esiqondile somdlavuza wakho ngokusekelwe olwazini oluqoqwe kuzo zonke lezi zivivinyo.

Ingabe ingozi yami yomdlavuza ingashintsha kamuva?

Lokhu kuyinkinga kubantu abaningi. Ungase ucabange ukuthi mhlawumbe uma umdlavuza usakazeka, noma ngabe ululama kamuva, leso simo sokuqala sizoshintsha. Kodwa akunjalo ngempela.

Kalula nje, uma utholakale okokuqala unomdlavuza wesigaba sesi-2 (2), uzohlala unomdlavuza wesigaba sesi-2 (2). Kodwa-ke, odokotela basebenzisa amagama engeziwe ukuchaza izinguquko zesigaba.

• Isibonelo, uma lowo mdlavuza wesigaba sesi-2 (2) kamuva usakazekela ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba, odokotela bangawubiza ngokuthi 'umdlavuza wesigaba sesi-2 one-metastasis' , hhayi umdlavuza wesigaba sesi-4 (4). Uyaqonda?
• Futhi, uma kungekho zimpawu zomdlavuza ezingatholakala ngemva kokwelashwa, kubizwa ngokuthi 'ukukhululwa okuphelele' noma 'akukho bufakazi besifo' (NED) .

Ukuphila nomdlavuza kungaba yinto ekucindezelayo kakhulu. Kuyaqondakala ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ungaqiniseki uma ubona ukuxilongwa ngezinhlamvu nezinombolo ezinjengalezi. Kodwa ukubikezela umdlavuza kungaphezu nje kwezinhlamvu nezinombolo ezimbalwa. Odokotela basebenzisa lezi zinombolo ukuhlela ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe, ukusebenzisana nabanye odokotela, nokukunikeza ukubikezela. Udokotela wakho ukhona ukukusiza. Mbuze noma yimiphi imibuzo onayo mayelana nokubikezela kwakho umdlavuza.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule kulesi sihloko? (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, kunezinto ezimbalwa okudingeka uzikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho:

• Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza kuyindlela yokulinganisa ukuthi umdlavuza ungakanani emzimbeni wakho nokuthi ungakanani. Lokhu kusiza odokotela ukuthi bakhethe ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe .
• Ukulinganisa isigaba kunqunywa ngobukhulu besimila, indawo yaso, nokuthi ngabe sisakazeke yini . Izindlela ezifana ne-TNM ziyasetshenziswa kulokhu.
• Izigaba zinezinombolo ezingu-0, I, II, III, IV. Izinhlamvu u-A, B, C, no-D ngezinye izikhathi ziyanezelwa ukuze kunikezwe imininingwane eyengeziwe.
• Lokhu kungenzeka kutholakala ngokuhlolwa okufana ne-CT scan, i-PET scan, kanye ne-biopsy .
• Into ebalulekile ukuthi isigaba somdlavuza esitholakale ekuqaleni asishintshi kamuva. Uma isimo sishintsha, sichazwa ngendlela ehlukile.
• Uma unemibuzo ngalokhu, ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho. Ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu wokukuchazela konke.

Khumbula, umdlavuza uyimpi. Ukuze ubhekane naleyo mpi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uqaphele ngokugcwele isitha sakho, okungumdlavuza. Sithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luzokusiza ngalokho.

Amacala omdlavuza , Ukuhlolwa Kwesigaba Somdlavuza, Umdlavuza, Ukwelashwa komdlavuza, i-TNM, Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza, Ukwanda kwe-Metastasis