Ake sithole ngokuhlolwa kwakho kwe-CEA (i-Carcinoembryonic Antigen)? Njengodokotela, ngizokutshela lokhu kalula!

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngokuhlolwa kwe-CEA, noma udokotela wakho kungenzeka ukuthi ukutshelile ukuthi ukwenze. Ngakho-ke, kuyini ukuhlolwa kwe-CEA? Kungani kwenziwa? Ngiyazi ukuthi unemibuzo eminingi efana nale engqondweni yakho. Ungakhathazeki, namuhla sizoxoxa ngokuhlolwa kwe-CEA ngendlela elula ongayiqonda. Ngiyazi ukuthi uma uzwa izinto ezinjengalezi, uzizwa wesaba kancane, kodwa uma usuyazi imininingwane, lokho kwesaba kuzophela.

Iyini i-CEA (i-Carcinoembryonic Antigen)? Masiyiqonde kalula!

Cabanga nje, sinohlobo olukhethekile lweprotheyini emzimbeni wethu. Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-CEA, noma i-Carcinoembryonic Antigen . Empeleni lokhu kuyiprotheyini (i-glycoprotein) enoshukela omningi enamathiselwe kuyo. Lokhu kungakhiqizwa amaseli ajwayelekile kanye namanye amaseli omdlavuza.

Kuyiqiniso elixakile ukuthi lapho sonke sizalwa, sinamazinga aphezulu ale CEA emizimbeni yethu. Njengoba sikhula, okungukuthi, njengoba sikhula, leli zinga le CEA liyehla kancane kancane. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo zesifo, ikakhulukazi lapho kuvela izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza, izinga le CEA egazini lethu lingaphinde likhuphuke.

Ososayensi bathola i-CEA okokuqala ngo-1968, lapho behlola izingxenye zomdlavuza we-colorectal ezazisakazeke esibindini nasezindaweni zomgudu wokugaya ukudla wombungu ophilile.

Ngezinye izikhathi i-CEA ibizwa nangokuthi uphawu lwesimila noma i-antigen yesimila . Izimpawu zesimila ziyizinto ezenziwe ngamanye amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi zengezwe oketshezini lomzimba wethu (njengegazi nomchamo). Kodwa khumbula, amangqamuzana anempilo nawo enza lezi zimpawu zesimila, kodwa ngamanani amancane kakhulu. Iningi labantu abanempilo linalezi "ezibangeni elijwayelekile." Umbiko wakho webhulebhu ungase uthi lokhu "njengobubanzi obujwayelekile," "ububanzi bokubhekisela," noma "isikhawu sokubhekisela."

Yiziphi izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhlolwa kwe-CEA?

Yilapho abantu abaningi benza khona iphutha. Ukuhlolwa kwe-CEA akukwazi ukuqiniseka ukuthi unomdlavuza noma cha. Okusho ukuthi, akusikho ukuhlolwa kokuhlola ukuthola ukuthi unomdlavuza.

Pho kungani lokhu kwenziwa? Kusetshenziswa kakhulu kubantu asebetholakale benomdlavuza. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abanomdlavuza we-colorectal.

Odokotela basebenzisa futhi ukuhlolwa kwe-CEA kanye nezinye izivivinyo ukuze baxilonge, baphathe, futhi baqaphe izinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza. Isibonelo, isetshenziswa ekuxilongeni umdlavuza wesinyi, umdlavuza webele, umdlavuza wamaphaphu, umdlavuza wesibeletho, kanye nomdlavuza we-thyroid.

Kalula nje, ukuhlolwa kwe-CEA kusetshenziselwa ukubona ukuthi isiguli sisabela kanjani ekwelashweni komdlavuza, ukubona ukuthi isifo sesibuyile yini (ukubuyela emuva), noma ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza usubuyile yini (ukubuyela emuva). Kodwa lokhu kuhlolwa akusebenziswanga kodwa. Udokotela wakho ukukusebenzisa kanye nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba kanye, uma kudingeka, ukuhlolwa kwezithombe.

Ngakho-ke, kuziphi izimo lapho kudingeka khona ukuhlolwa kwe-CEA?

Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, ukuhlolwa kwe-CEA akusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga umdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, uma usuvele unomdlavuza, lokhu kuhlolwa kungakunikeza ulwazi olubaluleke kakhulu. Udokotela wakho angasebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-CEA ukuze:

• Bheka ukuthi umdlavuza usukhulile noma usakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba (owakhiwe ngamaseli).
• Hlola ukuthi ukwelashwa komdlavuza kuphumelele kangakanani. Kungadingeka ukuthi wenze lokhu kuhlolwa ezimweni ezilandelayo:
• Uma isifo sesitholakele, kuyasiza ekwakheni uhlelo lokwelapha (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'ukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo ').
• Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa komdlavuza (isib., bheka ukuthi ukwelashwa okufana ne-chemotherapy, i-immunotherapy, kanye ne-radiation therapy kusebenza kanjani).
• Ngemva kokuqeda ukwelashwa ngokuphelele, hlola ukuthi umdlavuza ubuyile yini (ukuphinda ubuye).
• Ngemva kokuthola ukuthi unomdlavuza, ngaphambi kokwelashwa kanye/noma ukuhlinzwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa kanye ngenyanga noma njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu.
• Kodwa nansi into ebalulekile okufanele uyiqaphele: Ukwanda kwamazinga e-CEA zingakapheli amasonto angu-4-6 kusukela ekuqaleni kokwelashwa akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi ukwelashwa kwehlulekile, ukuthi isifo sesiphinde sabuya, noma ukuthi umdlavuza usubuyile. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela okwengeziwe ngalokhu.
• Uma lesi sifo sesiphelile, kungase kudingeke uqhubeke nokuhlolwa kwe-CEA ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi siphinde sibuye yini. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi lokhu kwenziwa kangaki.

Ulwenza kanjani lolu vivinyo lwe-CEA?

Ngokuvamile, ukuhlolwa kwe-CEA kwenziwa njengokuhlolwa kwegazi . Udokotela wakho noma umhlengikazi uzothatha isampula encane yegazi emthanjeni osengalweni yakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, ochwepheshe elabhorethri bazohlola lelo sampula legazi bese behlola izinga le-CEA.

Kodwa akuvamile kakhulu, udokotela wakho angase abheke amazinga e-CEA kwezinye izinto eziwuketshezi lomzimba. Isibonelo:

• Uketshezi lwe-peritoneal (uketshezi oluthathwe odongeni lwesisu)
• Uketshezi lwe-Pleural
• Uketshezi oluthathwe emgogodleni (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal noma i-CSF")

Kulesi simo, udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa inalithi noma isirinji ukuthatha isampula encane yoketshezi. Inalithi ifakwa esifubeni sakho noma emhlane ongezansi.

Kufanele ngilungiselele kanjani ukuhlolwa kwe-CEA?

Asikho isidingo sokulungiselela okuningi ngalokhu. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi uzilungiselele kanjani. Ungase ucelwe ukuthi uyeke ukuthatha imithi ethile ekhulisa ukopha (njenge-aspirin) izinsuku ezimbalwa. Udokotela wakho uzochaza konke lokhu kuwe.

Yini ongayilindela lapho ubhala isivivinyo se-CEA?

Uma i-CEA ilinganiswa egazini:

• Udokotela noma umhlengikazi uzofaka inalithi encane emthanjeni ongalweni yakho (ngokuvamile eduze kwendololwane yakho).
• Ibhodlela elincane (i-vial) noma i-test tube lixhunywe kulo.
• Bese kuthathwa isampula yegazi elincane. Lokhu kuthatha imizuzu engaphansi kwemihlanu.

Uma isampula ithathwa kolunye uketshezi lomzimba (isb., uketshezi lomgogodla):

• Okokuqala, kufakwa umuthi wokubulala izinzwa endaweni engezansi emhlane nasesifubeni ukuze ungabi namizwa.
• Bese kufakwa inalithi noma isirinji ngendlela efanele.
• Ngezinye izikhathi, i-X-ray isetshenziswa ukuhlola ukuthi inaliti isendaweni efanele yini.
• Bese kuthathwa isampula ye-`(CSF),` `(pleural fluid)` noma `(peritoneal fluid)`.

Lolu hlobo lokuhlolwa luvame ukuthatha cishe imizuzu engama-30. Ungaya ekhaya ngosuku olufanayo nokuhlolwa.

Ingabe zikhona izingozi ngokuhlolwa kwe-CEA?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-CEA ngokuvamile kuphephile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kunengozi encane kakhulu yalokhu okulandelayo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa koketshezi lwe-pleural:

• Kungase kube nokopha okuthile.
• Kungase kube nokutheleleka.
• Kungase kube nomonakalo omncane emaphashini.

Kodwa abantu abaningi abahlangabezani nezinkinga ezivela ekuhlolweni kwe-CEA. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela lezi zingozi ngokuningiliziwe ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Ngakho-ke akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho.

Yiziphi imiphumela emibi engaba khona ngemva kokuhlolwa kwe-CEA?

Uma uhlolwe igazi, ungase ube nokudumba okuncane noma ukuvuvukala lapho inaliti ifakwe khona izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu. Lokhu kuvamile.

Uma kuthathwa isampula yoketshezi lwakho lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF) noma uketshezi lwesisu, ungase ube nemiphumela emibi emincane efana nalokhu:

• Isiyezi
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ubuhlanya

Lokhu kuvame ukuba ngcono ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Isho ukuthini imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-CEA?

Udokotela wakho usebenzisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-CEA ukuze afunde kabanzi ngomdlavuza.

• Uma izinga le-CEA liphansi, kungasho ukuthi isimila sincane futhi asikasabalali kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza (ikakhulukazi lezo ezisezindaweni ezifana nobuchopho) azikhiqizi i-CEA eningi. Kuleso simo, inani lokuhlolwa kwegazi le-CEA lingase libe phansi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, odokotela bangase bacabangele nokuskena okufana ne-MRI.
• Uma izinga le-CEA liphezulu, kungasho ukuthi umdlavuza mkhulu noma ususakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.Kodwa khumbula, amazinga e-CEA ewodwa awakwazi ukukutshela ukuthi umdlavuza ukusiphi isigaba (ukukhula kwesisu) noma ukuthi ususakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba (ukukhula kwezicubu).

Udokotela wakho angase aqaphe amazinga akho e-CEA kulo lonke ukwelashwa kwakho komdlavuza. Uma amazinga akho e-CEA ehla kakhulu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, lokhu kuvame ukukhombisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyasebenza. Kodwa-ke, odokotela bazokuqinisekisa lokhu ngokuhlolwa ngokomzimba kanye nokuskena.

Iyini izinga le-CEA elijwayelekile?

Amazinga e-CEA avame ukubikwa ngama -nanograms nge-milliliter (ng/mL) . Izinga elijwayelekile liphakathi kuka-0 no-2.9 ng/mL wegazi.

Odokotela ngokuvamile babheka izinga le-CEA eliphakathi kuka-0 no-2.9 ng/mL njengento evamile. Kodwa-ke, olunye ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi amazinga aphezulu njengo-35 ng/mL angabangela imiphumela engalungile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-CEA ingaphakanyiswa ngisho nangaphandle komdlavuza.

Lolu hlu olujwayelekile (uhlu lokubhekisela) lungahluka kancane phakathi kwama-lab, futhi odokotela bangase bacabangele imikhawulo ephezulu kuye ngesimo sesiguli ngasinye.

Iyini izinga le-CEA elibonisa umdlavuza?

Nasi iphuzu elibalulekile. Akukho sigaba esithile se-CEA esingabikezela ngokunembile ukuba khona komdlavuza. Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, odokotela abasebenzisi isivivinyo se-CEA ukuhlola noma ukuxilonga umdlavuza. Ngokuvamile, izinga le-CEA elingaphezu kuka-2.9 `(ng/mL)` libhekwa njengelingavamile, kodwa akusho njalo ukuthi umdlavuza ukhona.

Ingabe amazinga e-CEA angaphakanyiswa ngaphandle komdlavuza?

Yebo, kungenzeka nakanjani! Izinga eliphezulu le-CEA akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi kukhona umdlavuza. Isibonelo, abantu ababhemayo bangase babe namazinga aphezulu e-CEA.

Amazinga e-CEA angakhuphuka ngenxa yezimo ezingezona ezomdlavuza ezifana nalezi:

• I-Gastritis kanye nezilonda zesisu
• Isifo Sokuvinjelwa Kwamaphaphu Esingamahlalakhona (i-COPD)
• Isifo sesibindi, isibonelo i-cirrhosis, isibindi esinamafutha, noma amatshe enyongo
• I-Diverticulitis ukuvuvukala kwezikhwama ezincane emathunjini amakhulu.
• Isifo sikashukela
• Noma yisiphi isifo sokuzivikela komzimba noma ukuvuvukala
• Izifo zamathumbu ezivuvukalayo (isib. isifo sikaCrohn kanye ne-ulcerative colitis)
• Ama-Hemorrhoids
• Inyumoniya (kuhlanganise nenyumoniya ye-COVID-19)

Futhi, abantu abathatha ukwelashwa okuthile okwenziwe ngezinto zezilwane (isb., ama-antibodies e-monoclonal) bangase babe namazinga aphezulu e-CEA.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinto zokugcina okufanele uzikhumbule? (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, sesikhulume kakhulu ngokuhlolwa kwe-CEA manje. Ngithemba ukuthi uyaqonda kahle. Ngamafuphi:

• I-CEA iyiprotheni ekhethekile (i-glycoprotein) emzimbeni wethu.
• Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza zingabangela ukwanda kwamazinga e-CEA. Kodwa-ke, ukwanda kwamazinga e-CEA akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi umdlavuza ukhona. Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani i-CEA ingandiswa ngisho nangaphandle komdlavuza.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-CEA akulona ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga umdlavuza.
• Lokhu kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukubona ukuthi abantu asebetholakale benomdlavuza basabela kanjani ekwelashweni kanye nokulandelela lesi sifo.
• Uma unemibuzo mayelana nezinga lakho le-CEA noma ukuhlolwa, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Bazokunikeza iseluleko esingcono kakhulu.

Khumbula, kwezokwelapha, ukuhlolwa okukodwa akukwazi ukusho konke. I-CEA iwusizo olulodwa nje. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza izinqumo ezinhle kakhulu ngokusekelwe empilweni yakho iyonke. Ngakho-ke, ungesabi noma ukhathazeke ngokungadingekile. Khuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yini bese uyixazulula.

Ukuhlolwa kwe- CEA, i-carcinoembryonic antigen, izimpawu zomdlavuza, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukwelashwa komdlavuza, ukuqapha umdlavuza, izimpawu zomdlavuza