Sawubona! Unjani? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngento engaphakathi emizimbeni yethu, kodwa ngokuvamile asazi okuningi ngayo. Lokho kubizwa ngokuthi ama-lipid . Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa 'nge-cholesterol'. Yilokho lawa ma-lipid ayikho. Ungakhathazeki, ngizokuchazela lokhu ngendlela elula.

Ayini amafutha? Ake sikuqonde kalula.

Cabanga ngakho, ama-lipid ayiqembu lamakhemikhali emizimbeni yethu, njengamafutha nama-wax . Enza imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu emizimbeni yethu. Into ekhethekile ukuthi lawa ma-lipid awancibiliki emanzini. Kufana namafutha antanta emanzini. Lawa ma-lipid akhiqizwa yimizimba yethu.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zama-lipid emzimbeni wethu?

Uma kukhulunywa ngama-lipid, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi eziyinhloko.

1. I-Cholesterol

Cishe usulizwile igama elithi 'cholesterol' kakhulu, akunjalo? Lolu futhi uhlobo lwe-lipid. Imizimba yethu nayo iyaludinga. Uyazi ukuthi kungani? I-cholesterol isiza umzimba ukuthi umunce amafutha namavithamini ekudleni esikudlayo futhi yenze ama-hormone.

Kodwa nansi into. I-cholesterol kanye nolunye uhlobo lwe-lipid olubizwa ngokuthi ama-triglycerides aziwathandi amanzi, ngakho azikwazi ukuhamba egazini zodwa. Kunjengokungathi umuntu wesaba amanzi. Ngakho-ke zihlangana namaprotheni ukuze zakhe izimoto ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-lipoprotein . Lezo yizimoto eziwathwala kuwo wonke umzimba.

Manje kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-lipoprotein:

• I-HDL (Ama-Lipoprotein Aphezulu) - "i-cholesterol enhle"

Lokhu kwenziwa yisibindi sethu kanye namathumbu amancane ndawonye. I-HDL ithatha i-cholesterol engafuneki iyibuyisele esibindini. Isibindi siyiguqula ibe yi-bile acid bese siyisusa emzimbeni. Akukhona lokho kuphela, i-HDL ilwa nokuvuvukala, ukujiya kwegazi, kanye nokubola . Yingakho ibizwa ngokuthi "kuhle."

• I-LDL (Ama-Lipoprotein Aphansi) - "i-cholesterol embi"

Isibindi sethu senza uhlobo olubizwa ngokuthi i-VLDL (Very Low-Density Lipoproteins) . Lawa ma-VLDL athwala ama-triglyceride esuka esibindini aye kwamanye amaseli. Manje, lapho lawa ma-VLDL eseqedile ukuletha ama-triglyceride kanye ne-cholesterol kwezinye izindawo, aba nzima kancane abe yi-LDL. Leyo LDL iyi-cholesterol "embi". Ngoba, le LDL inganamathela ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi yethu . Khona-ke ukugeleza kwegazi kungavinjelwa, futhi ukugeleza kwegazi kungavinjelwa.

2. Ama-triglyceride

Lolu olunye uhlobo olukhulu lwamafutha emzimbeni wethu. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukugcina amandla nokuwanikeza uma kudingeka . Amakhalori engeziwe esiwathola ekudleni esikudlayo agcinwa emzimbeni njenge-triglycerides.

Iyiphi inkonzo enikezwa ama-lipid emizimbeni yethu?

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-lipid, futhi uhlobo ngalunye lunomsebenzi ohlukile emzimbeni wethu. Ake sibone ukuthi ayini.

• Ama-triglycerides:Lokhu kugcina amandla futhi kuwakhiphe uma kudingeka.
• Ama-hormone e-steroid: Lawa asiza amangqamuzana ethu ukuthi adlulise imiyalezo. Cabanga ngawo njengabantu abancane abathumela imiyalezo emizimbeni yethu.
• Usawoti we-bile, owakhiwa yi-cholesterol: Lokhu kusiza ekuncibilikiseni amafutha ekudleni esikudlayo, okungukuthi, kusiza ekugayweni kwawo.
• Ama-fatty acid: Lawa ayaguqulwa abe amandla futhi akhiqize amandla.
• Ama-phospholipid kanye ne-cholesterol: Lokhu kokubili ndawonye kwakha isembozo sangaphandle samaseli ethu, noma ama-membrane ezinto eziphilayo . La ma-phospholipid afana nabalindi. Avumela ezinye izinto ukuthi zingene esitokisini, kodwa ezinye izinto zivunyelwe ukungena ngosizo lwamaprotheni.

Kalula nje, amafutha abalulekile kuwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni wethu, esiza cishe kuyo yonke inqubo.

Aphi ama-lipid emzimbeni wethu?

Ama-lipid atholakala egazini lethu, nakuyo yonke indawo emizimbeni yethu. Wonke amaseli emzimbeni wakho aqukethe ama-lipid.

Ama-lipid enziwe ngani?

Ama-lipid akhiwa yizakhi i-oxygen, i-carbon, ne-hydrogen . Ama-lipid, njenge-cholesterol, ayingxenye yolwelwesi lwamaseli ethu. Anikeza amaseli isimo sawo futhi alawula ukuhamba kwezinto ezingenayo neziphumayo kumaseli.

Yiziphi izifo ezivamile ezihlobene nama-lipid?

Ngokuvamile, umzimba wethu ungakhiqiza inani lamafutha owadingayo. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, inani lalawa mafutha lingaba liphansi kakhulu noma liphezulu kakhulu. Uma lokho kwenzeka, kungavela izinkinga ezahlukene zempilo .

• I-Hyperlipidemia: Lokhu kusho ukwanda kwamazinga e-lipid egazini.
• I-Hypolipidemia: Lokhu kusho ukwehla kwezinga lama-lipid egazini.
• I-Hypercholesterolemia: Kulokhu, amazinga e-cholesterol kuphela ayanda.
• I-Atherosclerosis: Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi izinto ezifana ne-cholesterol embi zifakwa ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi, okubangela ukuthi izindonga zaleyo mithambo yegazi ziqine futhi zinciphe.
• Isifo semithambo yenhliziyo: Yilokhu okwenzekayo lapho kwakheka ukwakheka kwalolu hlobo emithanjeni ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni.
• I-Hypertriglyceridemia: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amazinga e-triglyceride enyuka khona.

Ziyini izimpawu zezinkinga ze-lipid?

Esikhathini esiningi, abantu abanamazinga aphezulu e-lipid egazini ababonisi zimpawu . Yilokho okuyingozi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma amazinga e-cholesterol ephezulu kakhulu, ezinye izimpawu zingase zivele:

• I-Xanthelasma: Amaqhubu aphuzi avela esikhumbeni esizungeze amehlo.
• I-Xanthoma: I-cholesterol ifakwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba, yakha amaqhubu.
• I-corneal arcus:Kubukeka njengendandatho emhlophe ezungeze iso.

Yingakho kubalulekile ukuhlola amazinga e-lipid njalo ngezikhathi ezithile njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho, noma ngabe awunazo izimpawu.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuhlola amazinga akho e-lipid?

Udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuthi ube nephaneli ye-lipid , noma iphrofayili ye-lipid , elinganisa inani le-cholesterol kanye ne-triglycerides egazini lakho.

Udinga ukuzila ukudla cishe amahora ayi-12 ngaphambi kokwenza lokhu kuhlolwa. Kulapho-ke kuphela lapho ungathola khona imiphumela enembile. Kulula ukwenza lokhu into yokuqala ekuseni, ngoba asidli ebusuku silele.

Futhi, ukuthatha lolu vivinyo uma ugula noma ucindezelekile ngeke kukunikeze imiphumela enembile. Uma uthatha noma yimiphi imithi ethinta amazinga e-lipid, kufanele futhi utshele udokotela wakho ngakho.

Iphaneli yamafutha inganika udokotela wakho umbono ngengozi yakho yokuthola isifo senhliziyo .

• Uma amazinga e-cholesterol ephelele engaphezu kuka- 200 mg/dL (ama-milligram nge-deciliter) , kanti amazinga e-LDL (i-cholesterol embi) angaphezu kuka- 130 mg/dL , ingozi yesifo senhliziyo iyanda.
• Odokotela beluleka abantu abake baba nesifo semithambo yenhliziyo noma abake baba nesifo sohlangothi ukuthi bagcine imigomo ye-LDL iphansi ngisho nakakhulu.
• Kuhle kakhulu ukuba nezinga le-HDL (i-cholesterol enhle) elingu- 60 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu, ngoba i-HDL iyasiza ekususeni i-LDL.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ama-lipid?

Uma amazinga akho e-lipid ephezulu futhi usengozini yesifo senhliziyo, udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol. Ezinye izibonelo zifaka:

• Ama-statin
• Ama-sequestrant e-bile acid
• Ama-Fibrate
• Izithibi ze-PCSK9

Le mithi kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela njengoba kuyalelwe udokotela.

Izinto ezilula esingazenza ukuze silondoloze amazinga aphilile e-lipid

Ngenhlanhla, ngokwenza izinguquko ezimbalwa ezilula endleleni yethu yokuphila, singanciphisa amazinga amabi amafutha futhi siwagcine esezingeni elihle.

• Nciphisa inani lamakhalori owadlayo: Uma udla amakhalori amaningi kunalawo owadingayo, lawo makhalori engeziwe agcinwa emzimbeni njenge-triglycerides.
• Nciphisa amafutha agcwele: Lawa atholakala ngobuningi obukhulu ekudleni okufana nokudla kobisi okunamafutha agcwele.
• Khetha okusanhlamvu okuphelele, izithelo, imifino, kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha aphansi.
• Vivinya umzimba njalo: Kuhle kakhulu ukuzivocavoca okungenani izinsuku ezi-5 ngesonto, imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku.
• Lala kahle: Lala okungenani amahora angu-7-9 njalo ebusuku.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo esikufanele.
• Yeka ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi: Ukubhema kunganciphisa amazinga akho e-HDL (i-cholesterol enhle) futhi kwandise amazinga akho e-LDL (i-cholesterol embi).

Khumbula, awukwazi ukwenza konke lokhu ngobusuku obubodwa. Zama ukuthuthukisa le mikhuba kancane kancane.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Ama-lipid abalulekile kumaseli omzimba wethu kanye nezinqubo ezahlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, uma ezinye izinhlobo zama-lipid, ikakhulukazi i-LDL cholesterol kanye ne-triglycerides, ziphakama kakhulu, kungaholela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu njengesifo senhliziyo.

Ngakho-ke, khuluma nodokotela wakho futhi ufunde ngengozi yakho yesifo senhliziyo nesifo semithambo yegazi. Futhi, buza ukuthi kufanele wenze iphaneli yamafutha kangaki. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukugcina amazinga akho amafutha ngaphakathi kwemingcele evamile. Impilo yakho isezandleni zakho!

Ama - lipid, i-cholesterol, ama-triglycerides, i-HDL, i-LDL, isifo senhliziyo, indlela yokuphila enempilo