Ingabe nawe uhlangabezana nokukhathala okungazelelwe, ukukhuluphala okungazelelwe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukudideka? Sivame ukukhohlwa ngalezi zinto, sicabanga ukuthi zivamile. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube nesizathu salokhu ongasicabangi nhlobo. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngendawo encane kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba wethu, izindlala ze-adrenal, kanye nezinkinga ezivela kuzo.
Ziyini lezi zindlala ze-adrenal?
Kalula nje, izindlala ze-adrenal ziyizindlala ezimbili ezimise okwesikwele ezitholakala ngaphezu kwezinso zethu, njengezigqoko ezimbili ezincane. Nakuba zincane ngobukhulu, zenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu emizimbeni yethu. Okusho ukuthi, zikhiqiza ama-hormone asiza ekugcineni ibhalansi emizimbeni yethu.
Cabanga ngale ndlela: umzimba wethu ufana nenjini eyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuze le njini isebenze kahle, idinga ukuba nezinto eziningi ezahlukene ezifanele. Ngokufanayo, la ma-hormone asiza ekulawuleni i-metabolism yethu, umfutho wegazi, amasosha omzimba, kanye nendlela esibhekana ngayo nokucindezeleka.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zama-hormone akhiqizwa yilezi zindlala:
- I-Cortisol: I-hormone ebalulekile esisiza ukubhekana nokucindezeleka.
- I-Adrenaline: I-hormone elungiselela imizimba yethu isimo esiphuthumayo.
- I-Aldosterone: I-hormone elawula umfutho wegazi lethu kanye nezinga likasawoti namanzi emzimbeni.
Izimo ezihlobene nezindlala ze-adrenal zenzeka lapho la ma-hormone ekhiqizwa ngokweqile noma ngokuntuleka .
Yiziphi izifo ezivame kakhulu ze-adrenal gland?
Kunezimo eziningana zalezi. Ake siqonde eziyinhloko ngokucacile. Ukuze kube lula ukuqonda, ngizokubeka lokhu etafuleni .
| Isimo | Kalula nje, yilokhu okwenzekayo. |
|---|---|
| Isifo sika-Addison | Umzimba awukhiqizi amahomoni anele i-cortisol kanye/noma i-aldosterone. |
| I-Cushing syndrome | Ukwanda ngokweqile kwezinga le-cortisol ye-hormone emzimbeni. |
| I-Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) | Ukungabikho noma ukuntuleka kwama-enzyme adingekayo ekukhiqizeni ama-hormone. |
| I-Hyperaldosteronism | Ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwe-hormone i-aldosterone emzimbeni. |
| Ukuguqulwa kwe-Virilization | Ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwama-hormone ocansi wesilisa emzimbeni. Lokhu kubonakala ngokucacile kwabesifazane nakubafana abangakakhuli. |
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo zingabangelwa nayizimila ezindlaleni ze-adrenal. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, iningi lalezi zimila azinawo umdlavuza (azinabungozi). Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, umdlavuza (i-adrenocortical carcinoma) nawo ungavela.
Ziyini izimpawu zalezi zifo?
Izimpawu zincike ekutheni yiliphi i-hormone eliphansi noma eliphezulu. Ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezenzekayo lapho izinga ngalinye le-hormone lishintsha.
Uma amazinga e-cortisol ephakanyisiwe (njenge-Cushing's syndrome)
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukwandiswa komzimba ongaphezulu | Ubuso, intamo, kanye nesisu kuba kukhulu kuyilapho izingalo nemilenze kuncane. |
| Ukukhathala okukhulu | Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu ngisho noma ungenzanga lutho. |
| Umfutho wegazi ophezulu kanye nesifo sikashukela | Ukwanda komfutho wegazi kanye namazinga kashukela. |
| Izinguquko zesikhumba | Ukuncipha kwesikhumba, ukuphuka okulula ngisho noma kulimele kancane. Kuvela amamaki okunwebeka abanzi, anombala onsomi esiswini. |
Uma amazinga e-aldosterone ephakanyisiwe
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme
- Amazinga aphansi e-potassium egazini (i-Hypokalemia)
- Ukuzizwa ubuthakathaka emzimbeni
- Ubuhlungu bemisipha kanye nokuqaqamba (ukuqaqamba kwemisipha)
Uma amazinga ama-hormone wesilisa ekhuphuka (kwabesifazane)
Uma lesi simo senzeka kwabesifazane noma kubafana abangakakhuli, izici zesilisa ziqala ukuvela.
- Ukukhula kwezinwele zobuso
- Ukulahlekelwa izinwele (ubumpandla)
- Induna
- Ukujula kwezwi (ukufana kakhulu nezwi lowesilisa)
- Ukukhula kwemisipha
Into ebalulekile ukuthi lezi zimpawu zingabonakala nakwezinye izifo. Ngakho-ke, uma unalezi zimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okufanele.
Kungani lezi zifo zenzeka?
Kungase kube nezizathu eziningana zalokhu.
- Ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile noma okunganele kwama-hormone yizindlala ze-adrenal ngokwazo.
- Inkinga ngesinye i-gland, njenge-pituitary gland ebuchosheni bethu, ingathinta ukusebenza kwezindlala ze-adrenal.
- Eminye imithi esiyithathayo (isibonelo, imithi yama-steroid) ingabangela ushintsho emazingeni ama-hormone.
- Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zimo zingase zenzeke ngenxa yokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo .
Ngokuvamile, ngisho nodokotela abakwazi ukusho ngqo ukuthi kungani abanye abantu bethola lezi zifo kanti abanye abatholi.
Lesi sifo sitholakala futhi selashwa kanjani?
Uma uya kudokotela, uzoqala ngokukubuza ngezimpawu zakho bese ekwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Ngemuva kwalokho, uzoyala ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuhlola amazinga ama-hormone egazini lakho, emchameni nasematheni.
Uma kukhona izinsolo zokuthi kukhona izimila, kungenziwa ama-scan anjenge -CT scan (Computed Tomography) noma i-MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) .
Ezimweni eziningi, ungathunyelwa kudokotela we-endocrinologist.
Izinketho zokwelapha zincike esimweni sakho esithile. Ezinye izimo zingadinga imithi yokulungisa amazinga ama-hormone. Ezimweni lapho kukhona khona amaqhubu , ukuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungadingeka.
Into engcono kakhulu ukuthi, uma eziningi zalezi zimo zitholakala kusenesikhathi futhi zelashwa kahle , zingaphathwa ngempumelelo futhi ziphile impilo enhle.
Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi utholakale unesifo se-adrenal gland noma cha, qaphela lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo. Uma unanoma iyiphi yalezi, bona udokotela.
| Qaphela lezi zimpawu. |
|---|
| Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu. |
| Ikakhulukazi ingxenye engenhla yomzimba iba nkulu. |
| Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu ukuthi ungaqeda umsebenzi wosuku. |
| Ukuba nobuhlungu obungapheli noma obukhulu. |
| Izinguquko zesikhumba (ukudumba okulula, izimpawu zokunwebeka). |
| Izinguquko ezingavamile ekukhuleni kwezinwele zomzimba. |
Kufanele uye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU)?
Uma unesifo esibangela amazinga aphansi e-cortisol, njengesifo sika-Addison, ungaba nesimo esisongela ukuphila esibizwa ngokuthi i-adrenal crisis . Yilapho amazinga e-cortisol emzimbeni ehla ngokuzumayo ngendlela eyingozi.
Uma kuvela izimpawu ezilandelayo, hamba uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (i-ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha.
| Isimo Esiphuthumayo! (Izimpawu Eziphuthumayo) |
|---|
| Ubuhlungu obungazelelwe, obukhulu emzimbeni ongezansi (isisu, umhlane, imilenze). |
| Ukuhlanza okukhulu kanye nohudo. |
| Ukuzizwa ubuthakathaka kakhulu. |
| Ukudideka nokulahlekelwa ukwazi (ukudideka). |
| Amazinga kashukela aphansi egazini (i-Hypoglycemia). |
| Umfutho wegazi ophansi kakhulu. |
Uma une-adrenal insufficiency, buza udokotela wakho nge-glucocorticoid ejovwayo engasetshenziswa esimweni esiphuthumayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi wena nomndeni wakho naziswe ukuthi ningayithatha kanjani.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Izindlala ze-adrenal ziyizitho ezibaluleke kakhulu ezisiza ukugcina ibhalansi yama-hormone emzimbeni wethu.
- Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ama-hormone kulezi zindlala ayanda noma anciphile, izimpawu ezahlukahlukene zingavela.
- Uma unezimpawu ezisolisayo, ungaqageli futhi nakanjani ubone udokotela.
- Eziningi zalezi zifo zingaphathwa ngempumelelo ngokutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okufanele.
- Uma kuvela izimpawu eziphuthumayo (njengenkinga ye-adrenal), hamba uye e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulibala.
- Yazi kahle ngesimo sakho sezokwelapha. Ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho imibuzo.
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