Ingabe udokotela wakho wake wakutshela ukuthi "igazi elincane livuza emuva lisuka ku-valve yenhliziyo"? Noma wake wakutshela ukuthi lokhu kungaba yimbangela yobuhlungu nokukhathala okuzwayo? Eqinisweni, enye yezindlela zokwelapha ezenziwa ezimweni ezinjalo ibizwa ngokuthi 'i-Annuloplasty'. Lokhu kungase kuzwakale njengegama eliyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa empeleni kulula kakhulu. Kulesi sihloko, sizokhuluma ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.
Kuyini i-Annuloplasty?
Ukuze siqonde lokhu, ake siqale sixoxe kancane ngama-valve asezinhliziyweni zethu. Cabanga ukuthi inhliziyo yakho ifana nendlu enamakamelo amane. Kuneminyango emine phakathi kwala makamelo. Le minyango yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ama-valve. Le minyango inesici esikhethekile. Ivuleka ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela. Okusho ukuthi, ngemva kokuba igazi selidlulile lisuka kwelinye igumbi liye kwelinye, lo mnyango uyavalwa, uvimbele igazi ukuthi liphinde ligeleze. Yilokhu okwenzeka enhliziyweni enempilo.
Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, le minyango, noma ama-valve, awavaleki kahle. Kufana nokukhiya okuphukile emnyango. Kwenzekani-ke? Igazi elithile liyavuza emuva, noma liyavuza. Kwezokwelapha, lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-valve regurgitation . Uma lokhu kwenzeka, inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima kunokujwayelekile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu akukuhle enhliziyweni.
Kalula nje, i-annuloplasty iwukuhlinzwa kokulungisa noma ukuqinisa ivalvu yenhliziyo evuzayo njengale.
Kule nqubo, udokotela ohlinzayo ubeka ibhande noma indandatho ekhethekile ezungeze indandatho ezungeze ivalvu yenhliziyo yakho (ebizwa ngokuthi i-'annulus') bese eyiqinisa. Cabanga ngakho njengokubeka uhlaka oluncane ezungeze umnyango ongeke uvaleke kahle. Ngemva kokuba indandatho ifakiwe, ama-flaps amabili evalvu aqala ukuvala kahle futhi. Lokhu kuvimbela igazi ukuthi libuye cishe ngokuphelele.
Iyini indandatho ye-Annuloplasty?
Indandatho esetshenziswa kulokhu kuhlinzwa iyithuluzi elikhethekile. Ingenziwa ngezinto ezifana ne-mesh, insimbi, noma ipulasitiki. Yenzelwe ukuhambisana nokunyakaza kwemvelo kanye nokuguquguquka kwevalvu yenhliziyo yakho.
Uma lokhu sekufakwe enhliziyweni, kuba lapho unomphela . Akukaze kususwe. Kuba yingxenye yenhliziyo uqobo, okusiza ivalvu ukuthi ivuleke futhi ivale kahle.
Ubani odinga lokhu kuhlinzwa?
Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuyadingeka kakhulu kubantu abanesimo esixoxe ngaso ekuqaleni , lapho igazi livuza khona emuva nge-valve yenhliziyo (i-Valve Regurgitation) . Lokhu kuhlinzwa kungenziwa kunoma yiliphi lama-valve amane ayinhloko enhliziyweni yethu.
- I-Mitral Valve Annuloplasty: Lolu uhlobo oluvame ukwenziwa.
- I-Annuloplasty ye-Aortic Valve: Le nqubo isetshenziselwa nokulungisa i-aortic valve.
- I-Annuloplasty ye-Pulmonary Valve: Lokhu akuvamile, kodwa kwenziwa uma kudingeka.
- I-Tricuspid Valve Annuloplasty: Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuphumelele nasekuvuthweni kwale valve.
Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi lokhu kuhlinzwa kuyadingeka yini noma cha ngokwenza izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene (isibonelo, i-echocardiogram) nokuhlola isimo se-valve yakho.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Annuloplasty ne-Valvuloplasty?
La magama amabili avame ukudideka. Kodwa kulokhu, kwenzeka izinto ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele. Ake siqonde lo mehluko ngokucacile.
| Iphuzu | I-Annuloplasty | I-Valvuloplasty |
|---|---|---|
| Inhloso eyinhloko | Ukuqinisa/ukuvala ivalvu evuza igazi emuva. | Ukuvula/ukwandisa ivalvu evalekile noma encishisiwe. |
| Isimo eselashwayo | Ukuvuselelwa kweValve | I-Valve Stenosis |
| Indlela yokwenza | Ukubeka indandatho ekhethekile nxazonke kwevalvu. | Ukudlulisa ibhaluni ngevalvu bese ulifutha ukuze kuncishiswe ukuvaleka. |
Ingabe zikhona ezinye izinketho?
Yebo. I-Annuloplasty ayenziwa kukho konke ukuvuza kwe-valve. Isibonelo, ekuvuza kwe-valve ye-mitral, i-clip encane ebizwa ngokuthi i-`MitraClip` ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziswa. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokudlulisa ithubhu elincane emthanjeni. Ngakho-ke inqubo elula kunokuhlinzwa. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe.
Kwenzekani ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa?
Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa
Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo ecacile yokuthi ungalungiselela kanjani ukuhlinzwa.
- Ngokuvamile ucelwa ukuba uzile ukudla (ungazidli futhi ungaphuzi) ngobusuku bangaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
- Uma usengozini yokopha (isibonelo, uma ukopha kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuyeka), kufanele utshele udokotela wakho ngakho.
- Uma uthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi (njengemithi yokunciphisa igazi), ungase ucelwe ukuthi uyeke ukuyithatha okwesikhashana ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngeseluleko sikadokotela.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa
Lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa odokotela abahlinza inhliziyo. Unikezwa i-anesthesia ejwayelekile , ngakho awuzwa lutho ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, ulele. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko.
| Indlela yokuhlinzwa | Indlela yokwenza |
|---|---|
| I-Annuloplasty yenhliziyo evulekile | Udokotela wenza ukusika okukhulu esifubeni. Ngemuva kwalokho, indandatho ibekwa nxazonke kwevalvu okukhulunywa ngayo bese ukusika kuvalwa ngezitishi. |
| I-Annuloplasty engangenisi kakhulu (ngokusebenzisa imicu emincane) | Lokhu akubandakanyi ukusikwa okukhulu. Kwenziwa ukusikwa okuncane okuningana esifubeni, bese kufakwa ithubhu enekhamera (i-endoscope) ngeyodwa. Izinsimbi ezincane zokuhlinza zifakwa ngezinye izimbobo, bese kufakwa indandatho ngenkathi ubuka izithombe ezibonwa ekhamera. Lezi zimbobo ezincane zibe sezivalwa ngezithungo noma uhlobo olukhethekile lweglue lokuhlinza. |
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, uzoqashwa endaweni yokululama amahora ambalwa. Uma uhlinzwe ngendlela engadingi ukuhlinzwa okuningi, uzokwazi ukuya ekhaya ngosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. Kodwa-ke, uma uhlinzwe inhliziyo evulekile, kungadingeka uhlale esibhedlela cishe izinsuku eziyisikhombisa.
Izinzuzo, izingozi, kanye nesikhathi sokululama salokhu kuhlinzwa
Yiziphi izinzuzo?
- Kuqinisa ivalvu evuzayo.
- Ukujikeleza kwegazi enhliziyweni kuhle kakhulu.
- Umzamo wenhliziyo wokupompa igazi uyancipha.
- Kwabaningi, le miphumela ihlala impilo yonke .
Ingabe zikhona izingozi?
Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, kunezingozi ezithile. Kunezinto ezithile ongazenza ngemva kokuhlinzwa, njengokutheleleka kanye nokopha. Kodwa lezi azivamile. Ingozi yakho iyonke incike empilweni yakho kanye nezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo.
Kungcono ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho ngezingozi ezithile ezithinta isimo sakho.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukiswa?
Lokhu futhi kuncike ohlotsheni lokuhlinzwa okwenzile.
- Kungcono ukungenzi noma yimuphi umsebenzi onzima noma imisebenzi enzima okungenani isonto elilodwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
- Uma kwenziwa kancane kancane, uzokwazi ukubuyela emsebenzini ngemva kwesonto noma amabili.
- Kodwa uma wenza umsebenzi onzima ngokomzimba, kuzodingeka ulinde isikhathi eside.
- Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ngokucacile ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze nokuthi yini okungafanele uyenze ngesikhathi sokululama kwakho. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela leyo miyalelo ngqo.
Le ndandatho yomshado ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?
Lena inkinga abantu abaningi abanayo. Le ndandatho yenzelwe ukuhlala amashumi eminyaka, iminyaka engama-20 noma engama-30 ngaphandle kwezinkinga . Iningi labantu ngeke liphinde lidinge ukwelashwa ngalokhu empilweni yabo.
Into emangalisayo ngalokhu ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inhliziyo yakho ikhula izungeze le ndandatho. Yileyo ndlela okufanele ibe ngayo. Eqinisweni, le ndandatho iba yingxenye yenhliziyo yakho.
Ngingambona nini udokotela?
Uma uya ekhaya ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kufanele unake kakhulu umzimba wakho. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingezansi, kufanele ushayele udokotela wakho ucingo ngokushesha , noma uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.
- Uma unezinhlungu esifubeni (i-angina) .
- Uma uzwa ikhanda noma ukuquleka (i-syncope) .
- Uma uzizwa sengathi unomkhuhlane noma uqhaqhazela ngenxa yomkhuhlane .
- Uma uzizwa unesicanucanu noma uhlanza .
- Uma kukhona ubuhlungu noma ukuvuvukala okungapholi endaweni yokuhlinzwa noma emilenzeni.
Ungazinaki lezi zimpawu. Ukuzazisa kusenesikhathi kungavimbela inkinga enkulu ukuthi ivele.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Annuloplasty iwukuhlinzwa okuphumelelayo kokulungisa ivalvu enhliziyweni evuza igazi emuva.
- Kulokhu, kufakwa indandatho ekhethekile ezungeze ivalvu, iyilungise ukuze ivaleke kahle.
- Lokhu kuhlinzwa kungenziwa njengokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile noma ngokusikwa okuncane (okungenamsoco kakhulu).
- Isikhathi sokululama kanye nokuhlala esibhedlela kuncike ohlotsheni lokuhlinzwa.
- Le ndandatho yomshado ihlala isikhathi eside futhi izohlala amashumi eminyaka ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
- Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo. Qaphela izimpawu eziyisixwayiso.
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