Ingabe nawe uthimula njalo? Ingabe uphelelwa yikhala uma uvuka ekuseni? Noma ingabe amehlo akho aba bomvu futhi alume? Ngezinye izikhathi ngokuzumayo uqala ukulunywa nokuklwebha umzimba wakho. Lezi yizimpawu esivame ukuzibiza ngokuthi “ukungezwani komzimba.” Ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi, sivame ukuya ekhemisi bese sicela “iphilisi lokungezwani komzimba.” Lolo uhlobo lomuthi esiwuthathayo olubizwa ngokuthi ama-antihistamine. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngale mithi, indlela esebenza ngayo, izinhlobo zayo, imiphumela emibi, nezinto okufanele uziqaphele ngenkathi usebenzisa yona.
Kalula nje, iyini le mithi yokulwa namagciwane?
Ama-antihistamine ayiqembu lemithi, njenge-paracetamol ne-aspirin. Asetshenziswa kakhulu ukulawula izimpawu ezihlobene nokungezwani komzimba . Avame ukunqunyelwa izinto esikhulume ngazo ngenhla, njengekhala eligobhozayo, ukuthimula, amehlo alumayo kanye nesikhumba.
Kodwa lolu hlobo lomuthi alusetshenziselwa kuphela ukungezwani komzimba, kodwa futhi nezinye izimo zempilo. Isibonelo, kunemithi kulesi sigaba yezinkinga ezithile zokugaya ukudla, njenge-gastritis.
Ungathenga ama-antihistamine amaningi ekhemisi ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela. Siwabiza ngokuthi (imithi ethengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela - OTC). Futhi, kunemithi enamandla kakhulu enikezwa udokotela. Asikwazi ukuyithenga nje ekhemisi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminye yemithi namaphilisi esiwasebenzisayo omkhuhlane ovamile kanye nokukhwehlela nawo aqukethe ama-antihistamine.
Lo muthi usebenza kanjani emzimbeni?
Ukuze siqonde lokhu, sidinga kuqala ukwazi ukuthi iyini i-histamine .
Cabanga nge-histamine njengesithunywa esincane emzimbeni wethu. Amasosha ethu omzimba akhiqiza lesi sithunywa. Omunye wemisebenzi yawo eyinhloko ukuhambisa umyalezo kwamanye amangqamuzana ngento eyingozi noma esongela umzimba.
Manje, ake sibheke ukuthi uthola kanjani i-allergy. Uma into ethile onayo (esiyibiza ngokuthi i-allergens) ingena emzimbeni wakho, isimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela sicabanga ukuthi, "Wow, kukhona isitha esikhulu lapha!" Bese uhlelo luqala ukusebenzisa ngokweqile bese lukhipha eziningi zalezi zithunywa ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-histamine ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Le histamine iyahamba futhi ithumele imiyalezo kumaseli asezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba.
- "Amaseli asekhaleni atshelwa ukuthi, 'Qala ukwenza uketshezi ngokushesha!'" Yilapho uketshezi luphuma khona ekhaleni.
- "Itshela amangqamuzana esikhumbeni ukuthi, 'Qala ukuklwebha!'" Yilapho umzimba uqala ukuklwebha.
- "Batshela amehlo ukuthi, 'Kubomvu, khala!'" Yilapho amehlo eba bomvu futhi eluma khona.
I-Anti-histamineIgama ngokwalo lisho ukuthi “ngokumelene ne-histamine.” Lo muthi okwenziwa yilo muthi ukuvimba umyalezo ohanjiswa yilowo mthunywa obizwa ngokuthi i-histamine ukuthi ungafinyeleli emaseli. Kufana nokunqamula ucingo uma lungena. Bese lezo zimpawu zokungezwani komzimba ziyancipha kancane kancane.
Kalula nje, i-histamine "iyimbangela" yokungezwani komzimba. Ama-antihistamine yimithi elawula "izimpawu" ezibangelwa yileso sizathu.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zama-antihistamine?
Odokotela bahlukanisa ama-antihistamine abe izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko, ngokusekelwe kuma-receptor e-histamine abawavimbayo. Cabanga ngakho sengathi kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-antenna emizimbeni yethu ezingabamba le miyalezo ye-histamine.
1. Ama-antihistamine asebenza kuma-receptor e-H1
2. Ama-antihistamine asebenza kuma-receptor e-H2
Manje ake sibheke ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo ngokwehlukana.
Ama-antihistamine e-H1 okwelapha ukungezwani komzimba
Lawa ma-H1 receptor asakazeke emizimbeni yethu yonke, ikakhulukazi kumaseli ezinzwa, emigudwini yokuphefumula, kanye nasemithanjeni yegazi. Uma umuntu enokungezwani komzimba, i-histamine inamathela kula ma-H1 receptor. Yilapho zonke izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba esizaziyo zivela khona. Ngakho-ke, okwenziwa ama-antihistamine e-H1 ukuvimba la ma-H1 receptor.
Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwala ma-antihistamine e-H1 yilokhu:
- I-rhinitis ye-allergy - Siyibiza ngokuthi umkhuhlane ovamile ohambisana nesizini yasebusika.
- Isifo samehlo esibangelwa ukungezwani komzimba (i-Allergic conjunctivitis)
- Ukungezwani nesikhumba, i-eczema kanye nokuqubuka (i-Atopic dermatitis)
- Ukutheleleka kwe-Sinus (i-Sinusitis)
- Ama-Hives
- Ukugula ngokunyakaza - Lolu hlobo lomuthi lunikezwa futhi ekuhlanzeni nasekucasukeni lapho uhamba emabhasini noma emaveni.
- Ukungalali - Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela batusa lolu hlobo lomuthi ukuze lukusize ulale.
Lawa ma-antihistamine e-H1 ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili amancane. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba kuhle ukwazi ukuthi hlobo luni lomuthi owusebenzisayo.
1. Ama-antihistamine esizukulwane sokuqala se-H1
Lezi yimithi yokuqala yokulwa namagciwane etholakala. Isici sazo esiyinhloko ukuthi zibangela ukozela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi le mithi ingawela kalula isithiyo segazi nobuchopho esivikela ubuchopho bethu futhi singene ebuchosheni. Yingakho sizizwa sikhathele futhi silele lapho siwaphuza.
- Izibonelo: I-Chlorpheniramine - (umuthi owaziwa ngabaningi eSri Lanka ngokuthi 'i-Piriton' ungowalesi sigaba), i-Diphenhydramine, i-Hydroxyzine.
2. Ama-antihistamine esizukulwane sesibili se-H1
Lezi yimithi yokulwa namagciwane esanda kwethulwa futhi ethuthukisiwe. Inzuzo enkulu yalezi ukuthi ukozela kuncishiswa kakhulu noma kuqedwe ngokuphelele.Lezi azikwazi ukuwela kalula isithiyo segazi nobuchopho, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile zibhekwa njengeziphephile.
- Izibonelo: I-Cetirizine, i-Loratadine, i-Fexofenadine, i-Desloratadine.
Ama-antihistamine e-H2 okwelapha ukucasuka kwesisu
Ama-H2 receptors atholakala kakhulu kumaseli akhipha i-asidi esiswini sethu. Lapho i-asidi yesisu ikhuphuka, kuvela izimo ezifana ne-gastritis, isilungulela, kanye ne-acid reflux.
Ama-antihistamine e-H2 avimba la ma-receptor e-H2 futhi anciphise ukukhiqizwa kwe-asidi esiswini.
Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwalokhu yilokhu:
- Isifo sesilonda se-Peptic
- I-Gastritis kanye ne-GERD (i-reflux ye-acid engapheli)
- I-Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
- Izibonelo: I-Famotidine, i-Cimetidine.
Qiniseka ukuthi uyazikhumbula lezi zinto uma usebenzisa i-antihistamine!
Nakuba ama-antihistamine amaningi etholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela, kudingeka siqaphele kakhulu lapho siwasebenzisa. Uma esetshenziswa ngendlela engafanele, angabangela izinkinga ezinkulu.
| Okufanele ngikwenze | Okungafanele ukwenze (okubaluleke kakhulu) |
|---|---|
| Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo. Ngisho noma uthenga umuthi ekhemisi, funda imiyalelo ngokucophelela. | Ungalokothi uphindwe kabili umthamo onqunyiwe. Ungacabangi ukuthi, "Uma ngiphuza kancane, ngizozizwa ngingcono maduze." |
| Yazi kahle ukuthi kufanele uwuthathe nini futhi kangaki umuthi wakho. Eminye imithi ithathwa kanye ngosuku, kanti eminye idinga imithamo eminingi. | Ungathathi izinhlobo ezimbili zama-antihistamine ngesikhathi esisodwa ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela. |
| Uma kungumuthi wesizukulwane sokuqala obangela ukozela, kungcono ukuwuthatha ngaphambi kokulala ebusuku . | Unganiki izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-4 ubudala ukukhwehlela ngaphandle kokuthenga imithi kadokotela kanye nemithi yomkhuhlane equkethe ama-antihistamine ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela. |
| Yazisa udokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi eminye imithi oyithathayo. | Ungashayeli noma usebenzise imishini ngenkathi uthatha ama-antihistamine esizukulwane sokuqala abangela ukozela. Lokhu kungaholela ezingozini ezinkulu kakhulu. |
Abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 kanye nezingane ezincane bazwela kakhulu emiphumeleni yama-antihistamine. Ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuthi uthintana nodokotela ngaphambi kokubanika lo muthi.
Iyini imiphumela emibi yemithi yokulwa namagciwane?
Njengayo yonke imithi, ama-antihistamine angaba nemiphumela emibi. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke umuntu oyitholayo. Le miphumela emibi iyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lomuthi.
| Uhlobo lwe-antihistamine | Imiphumela emibi evamile engaba khona |
|---|---|
| i-antihistamine ye-H1 (ye-allergies) | |
| Isizukulwane sokuqala (Izinhlobo ezibangela ukozela) |
|
| Isizukulwane sesibili (izinhlobo ezingalali kakhulu) |
|
| Ama-antihistamine e-H2 (okwelapha ukucasuka kwesisu) | |
| i-antihistamine ye-H2 (isib. i-Famotidine) |
|
Izimo nezingozi ezidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile
Uma unezinye zezimo ezilandelayo, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha i-antihistamine.
- Isifo sikashukela
- I-prostate ekhulisiwe noma ubunzima bokuchama
- Isifo Sokuxhuzula
- Isifo senhliziyo
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme
- I-Glaucoma (ukucindezeleka okukhulu emehlweni)
- I-Hyperthyroidism
Ukweqisa umthamo
Ukuthatha imithi yokwelapha ama-antihistamine ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo zesizukulwane sokuqala ezibangela ukozela, kungaba yingozi kakhulu. Lokhu kungenzeka ngephutha noma uma kuthathwa neminye imithi, njengamaphilisi okulala.
Izimpawu zokudlula ngokweqile:
- Ukulala ngokweqile
- Ukuphupha izinto ezingekho
- Ukungahlaliseki ngokweqile kanye nokucasuka ezinganeni
- Umbono ofiphele
- Inhliziyo esheshayo (i-Tachycardia)
- Ukuquleka
Uma wena noma ingane yakho ithola noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, yiyise ngokushesha eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze. Noma, shayela i-National Poison Information Centre e-Colombo National Hospital .
Ingabe lezi zifanele omama abakhulelwe nabancelisayo?
Uma ukhulelwe, uzama ukukhulelwa, noma uncelisa, kubalulekile ukubonisana nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yimuphi umuthi. Nakuba ucwaningo luthole ukuthi amanye ama-antihistamine aphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi yini engcono kakhulu kuwe nakumntwana wakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-antihistamine ayiqembu elikhulu lemithi esetshenziswa ukulawula izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba, futhi asetshenziselwa nokwelapha ezinye izimo, njenge-gastritis.
- Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-H1 (ye-allergies) kanye ne-H2 (ye-stomach pain).
- Uhlobo lwe-H1 luza nezingxenye ezimbili: ezesizukulwane sokuqala zibangela ukozela , kanti ezesizukulwane sesibili zinokozela okuncane kakhulu.
- Ungalokothi ushayele imoto ngemva kokuthatha ama-antihistamine abangela ukozela.
- Landela njalo umthamo kanye nemiyalelo enikezwe udokotela wakho noma isembozo sephakheji. Ungayithathi kakhulu.
- Uma unezinye izimo zezokwelapha, ukhulelwe, noma ungumama oncelisayo, qiniseka ukuthi ubonana nodokotela ngaphambi kokuthatha ama-antihistamine.
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