Wake wazizwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha okukhulu, noma ihamba kancane kakhulu, noma mhlawumbe yeqa ukushaya ngaphandle kokushaya? Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kancane uma uzizwa into efana nale. Iningi labantu liye laba nalokhu okuhlangenwe nakho esikhathini esithile empilweni yabo. Kwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ukungajwayelekile kwesigqi senhliziyo ngokuthi 'i-Arrhythmia' (okubizwa ngokuthi 'i-arrhythmia'). Ngakho ungesabi, namuhla sizoxoxa ngakho konke ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.
Kuyini ngempela i-arrhythmia?
Kalula nje, i-arrhythmia iwukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi 'i-dysrhythmia'.
Cabanga nje ukuthi inhliziyo yethu ifana nomdlali wesigubhu eqenjini. Ingoma izwakala kahle kuphela uma eshaya izigubhu ngendlela efanele nangesivinini esifanele. Kunjalo nangenhliziyo yethu. Kudingeka ishaye ngesigqi esifanele nesihlelekile. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho ingapompa khona inani elifanele legazi elinomoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke.
Uma i-arrhythmia ingasebenzi kahle, lesi sigqi siyaphazamiseka.
- Mhlawumbe inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha okukhulu .
- Mhlawumbe inhliziyo ishaya kancane kakhulu .
- Noma ingadlalwa ngokungajwayelekile , ngaphandle kwesigqi esisodwa.
Lezi zimo zingaqala ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zenhliziyo.
Ingabe lesi yisimo esibucayi okufanele sesatshwe?
Kungokwemvelo ukuthi lo mbuzo ufike engqondweni yakho. Empeleni kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-arrhythmia. Ezinye izinhlobo azinangozi futhi azidingi ukwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, ezinye zimbi kakhulu. Zingabangela ngisho nokuma kwenhliziyo okungazelelwe. Kukhona nezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-arrhythmia eziwela phakathi kwalezi zindlela ezimbili ezibucayi.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi udokotela wakho kuphela ongakutshela ngqo ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-arrhythmia onayo, ukuthi ludinga ukwelashwa yini, nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma kudingeka. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha kunokuzixilonga.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-arrhythmia?
Odokotela bahlukanisa ama-arrhythmia ngokusekelwe ekutheni aqala kuphi enhliziyweni. Ake sikubeke kalula lokhu. Inhliziyo inezindawo ezine eziyinhloko, ezimbili phezulu kanye nezimbili phansi.
| Uhlobo lwe-arrhythmia | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| I-Supraventricular Arrhythmias | Lokhu kuqala emakamelweni aphezulu enhliziyo (atria) . 'I-Supraventricular' isho 'ngaphezu kwamakamelo aphansi'. |
| I-Ventricular Arrhythmias | Lokhu kuqala emakamelweni aphansi (ama-ventricle) enhliziyo. |
| I-Bradyarrhythmias | Lokhu kubangelwa izinkinga ngohlelo lokubonisana lukagesi lwenhliziyo, okubangela ukuthi inhliziyo ishaye kancane kakhulu . Lokhu kungabangelwa izinkinga nge-pacemaker yemvelo yenhliziyo (i-SA node) noma ngezindlela ezithwala izimpawu (njenge-AV node). |
I-Atrial Fibrillation uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-arrhythmia olubonakala eSri Lanka nasemhlabeni jikelele. Lungowohlobo lwe-Supraventricular.
Yiziphi izimpawu umuntu one-arrhythmia azizwayo?
Abanye abantu bangaba ne-arrhythmia ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-arrhythmia "ethule". Kodwa-ke, uma kuvela izimpawu, zingase zihlanganise:
| Isibonakaliso | Indlela okuzwakala ngayo |
|---|---|
| Ukushaya Kwenhliziyo Okukhulu | Ukuzwa inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngamandla, isifuba sakho sishaya ngamandla, isifuba sakho sigxumagxuma. |
| Isiyezi noma Ubumpumputhe | Isiyezi noma i-vertigo . |
| Iziqephu zokuquleka | Ngokungazelelwe walahlekelwa ingqondo wawa. |
| Ukuphelelwa umoya | Ukuzizwa uphelelwa umoya, njengalapho ukhuphuka izitebhisi. |
| Ukungakhululeki esifubeni | Ukuzwa ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki, njengokucinana esifubeni. |
| Ubuthakathaka noma ukukhathala | Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu futhi ungenampilo ngaphandle kwesizathu. |
Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi?
Kunzima ukukhomba imbangela eyodwa ethile ye-arrhythmia. Kunezimbangela eziningi ezingaba khona. Ake sibheke izimbangela eziyinhloko kanye nezici eziyingozi.
Izimbangela ze-arrhythmia
- Isifo semithambo yegazi yenhliziyo ( ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi yenhliziyo )
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme
- Izinguquko emsipheni wenhliziyo (`I-Cardiomyopathy`)
- Izinkinga ze-valve yenhliziyo
- Ukulimala okubangelwe ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kwangaphambilini
- Ukungalingani kwama-electrolyte egazini
- Inqubo yokululama ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo
- Ezinye izifo (isibonelo, izinkinga ze-thyroid)
Izinto ezandisa ingozi
- Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo kagwayi (ukubhema)
- Ukuphuza ngokweqile
- Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kweziphuzo nokudla okuqukethe i-caffeine (itiye, ikhofi, i-cola)
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezikhuthazi, njengeminye imithi yomkhuhlane
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile (i-BMI engaphezu kuka-30)
- Isifo sikashukela noma amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini
- Ukuhona kanye nokuphefumula komoya ngesikhathi sokulala
Yimiphi imiphumela engaba yingozi uma ingelashwa?
Uma kungelashwa kahle, ezinye izinhlobo ze-arrhythmia zingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu.
- Ubuthakathaka bemisipha yenhliziyo (`Cardiomyopathy`): Uma inhliziyo ishaya ngokungajwayelekile isikhathi eside, imisipha yenhliziyo ingase ibe buthaka futhi ikhono layo lokupompa igazi lingase linciphe.
- Ukuma kwenhliziyo: Ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwe-ventricular arrhythmias kungabangela inhliziyo ukuba iyeke ukushaya ngokuzumayo.
- Isifo sohlangothi: Kwezinye izimo zokuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo, njenge-atrial fibrillation, amahlule egazi angakheka enhliziyweni. Uma leli hlule legazi liya ebuchosheni futhi livimbe umthambo wegazi, lingabangela ukukhubazeka.
Udokotela ukubona kanjani lokhu?
Uma uya kudokotela, uzoqala ngokubuza ngezimpawu zakho bese ekuxilonga. Bangase bahlole ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho futhi balalele inhliziyo yakho nge-stethoscope ukuhlola noma yikuphi ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile.
Ngemva kwalokho, kungase kudingeke ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa nokuthola imbangela.
| Ukuhlolwa | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram) | Ukuhlolwa okuqopha umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo. Lokhu ukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo okusetshenziselwa ukuthola i-arrhythmia. |
| Ukuhlolwa kwegazi | Hlola izinto ezifana namazinga kasawoti emzimbeni kanye nama-hormone e-thyroid. |
| Ama-Ambulatory Monitors (isb., i-Holter monitor) | Kufakwa idivayisi encane emzimbeni wakho ukuze iqophe njalo isigqi senhliziyo yakho amahora angama-24 noma ngaphezulu. |
| I-Echocardiogram (i-Echo) | Ukuskena kwenhliziyo. Lokhu kungabheka izinto ezifana nosayizi, ukuma, kanye nomsebenzi wama-valve. |
| Ukuhlolwa Kokucindezeleka | Ukuthatha i-ECG ngenkathi uzivocavoca (uhamba nge-treadmill). Lokhu kusiza ekuboneni ukungasebenzi kahle kwemisipha okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca. |
| Ucwaningo lwe-Electrophysiology (EPS) | Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okutadisha uhlelo lukagesi lwenhliziyo ngokujulile. |
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Ukwelashwa kuncike ohlotsheni lwe-arrhythmia onayo kanye nobunzima bayo. Ngezinye izikhathi akukho ukwelashwa okudingekayo. Uma kudingeka ukwelashwa, kunezindlela eziningana ongakhetha kuzo.
1. Imithi
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi. Akuzona zonke imithi ezifanayo. Udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukuthola imithi efanele kanye nomthamo ofanele wena.
- Imithi yokulwa nokushaya kwenhliziyo: Imithi enikezwa ukubuyisela isigqi esingajwayelekile esimweni esijwayelekile (isigqi se-sinus) noma ukuvimbela ukwenzeka kwe-arrhythmia.
- Imithi yokulawula izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo: Imithi enikezwa ukulawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo.
- Imithi yokuvimbela ukugabha kwegazi/yokuvimbela ama-platelet: Imithi enikezwa ukunciphisa ingozi yokugabha kwegazi (isib. i-warfarin, i-aspirin).
2. Izinguquko Zendlela Yokuphila
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Ukulawula umfutho wegazi kanye nesifo sikashukela.
- Ukuyeka ukubhema ngokuphelele.
- Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala.
- Nciphisa noma uyeke ukusebenzisa i-caffeine kanye nezikhuthazi.
- Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo.
3. Ukwelashwa Okuthile
- Ukuguqulwa kwenhliziyo: Ukulethwa kokushaqeka kukagesi okulawulwayo enhliziyweni ukuze kubuyiselwe isigqi senhliziyo esijwayelekile.
- Ukususwa kweCatheter: Ipayipi elincane (i-catheter) lidluliselwa ngemithambo emlenzeni noma engalweni liye enhliziyweni bese ingxenye encane yezicubu zenhliziyo ebangela i-arrhythmia ivalwa ngamandla kagesi asebenza kakhulu.
4. Izinto ezigqokwa emzimbeni
- I-Permanent Pacemaker: Idivayisi enikezwa abantu abanokushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane kakhulu (bradycardia). Ithumela izimpawu zikagesi ezincane ukuze kugcinwe ukushaya kwenhliziyo kusezingeni elijwayelekile.
- I-Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD): Lena idivayisi eqapha njalo isigqi senhliziyo. Uma ithola isigqi esisheshayo nesingavamile (i-ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation) esingaba yingozi empilweni, ibangela ukushaqeka enhliziyweni ukuze kubuyiselwe isigqi.
5. Ukuhlinzwa
Kwezinye izimo, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa ukuze kwelashwe isifo senhliziyo esiyisisekelo (isifo sama-valve, imithambo yegazi evalekile) esibangela ukungasebenzi kahle kwenhliziyo. Inqubo ye-Maze iwukuhlinzwa okukhethekile kwe-atrial fibrillation.
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela? Kufanele ngiye nini e-ETU?
Uma une-arrhythmia, kubalulekile ukuya emtholampilo ngesikhathi futhi uhlolwe njengoba udokotela wakho encoma. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi udinga ukuthola iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Shayela udokotela wakho uma izimpawu zakho (isib. ubuhlungu besifuba, isiyezi) ziba zimbi kakhulu noma zenzeka kaningi, kunokulinda kuze kube usuku ovame ukuya ngalo emtholampilo.
Izimo lapho kufanele uye e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ngokushesha:
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo, ungachithi isikhathi bese uya ngokushesha e-ETU (Emergency Treatment Unit) yesibhedlela esiseduze.
- Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula
- Ubuhlungu besifuba
- isiyezi esinzima
- Ukuquleka
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Arrhythmia iwukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile. Lokhu akukubi ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo zingaba yingozi.
- Uma unezimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu besifuba, isiyezi, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.
- Izinguquko ezilula zendlela yokuphila (ukuyeka ukubhema, ukunciphisa utshwala, nokulawula isisindo) kungasiza kakhulu ekulawuleni i-arrhythmia.
- Uma unikezwe imithi, ungalokothi uyeke ukuyithatha noma ushintshe umthamo ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho.
- Uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo (ubuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi), iya ku-ETU ngokushesha.
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