Ingabe ingane yakho ngezinye izikhathi ibonakala ijabule ngendlela engavamile futhi inonya ngaphandle kwesizathu, bese ithukuthela ngokuzumayo, ikhamuluke, futhi ikhale ngezinto ezincane kakhulu? Bese ngokuzumayo idabuke kakhulu futhi ikhathazeke? Njengomzali, ukubona lezi zinguquko ekuziphatheni kungaba yinkinga enkulu futhi kube umthombo wokwesaba kuwe. Ungase uzibuze, "Kwenzenjani ngale ngane?" Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo sengqondo esingabangela lolu hlobo lwesimo. Lokho kubizwa ngokuthi i-Bipolar Disorder.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-Bipolar Disorder?
Isifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Bipolar Disorder siyisifo sengqondo esihlala impilo yonke. Ngaphambilini sasibizwa ngokuthi isifo sokucindezeleka esibizwa ngokuthi i-manic-depression. Sibonakala ngezinguquko ezisheshayo nezinzima esimweni sengqondo somuntu, amazinga amandla, imicabango, kanye nokuziphatha kwakhe. Lezi zinguquko zingahlala amahora, izinsuku, amasonto, noma ngisho nezinyanga. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke.
Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo sitholakala ebuntwaneni noma ebudaleni, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zingaqala ukuvela ebuntwaneni.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo esibizwa ngokuthi i-bipolar disorder.
1. Ukuhlanya: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amazinga emizwa, imizwa, kanye namandla omuntu ephakama ngendlela engavamile. Njengokuthi "ujabule kakhulu." Ngezinye izikhathi, isimo esingesibi kangako esibizwa ngokuthi i-hypomania singaba khona.
2. Isigaba sokucindezeleka: Kwenzeka okuphambene nalokhu kulesi sigaba. Uzizwa udabuke kakhulu futhi ucindezelekile. Ulahlekelwa isithakazelo ezintweni obuzijabulela. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, sibonisa izimpawu zesimo sokucindezeleka.
Kodwa futhi sidinga ukukhumbula lokhu. Umuntu onalesi sifo akahlali esesimweni esisodwa salezi zimo ezimbili. Phakathi kwalezo zimo, okungukuthi, ngaphandle kwezinkinga, kukhona nezikhathi lapho zivamile khona. Sibiza lokho ngokuthi 'i-euthymia'. Okungukuthi, isimo sabo esivamile, esivamile.
Isifo se-bipolar sihluke kanjani ezinganeni nakubantu abadala?
Leli iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu. Uma umuntu omdala ene-Bipolar Disorder, izikhathi 'ze-mania' kanye 'nokucindezeleka' zingahlukaniswa futhi zihlonzwe ngokucacile. Lezi zikhathi zihlala isonto noma ngaphezulu.
Kodwa ezinganeni nasezinganeni ezincane, lezi zigaba azicacile kangako. Futhi ukuguquka kusuka kwesinye isigaba kuya kwesinye kuyashesha kakhulu. Isibonelo, cabanga ukuthi ingane yakho ijabule kakhulu futhi ihlekisa ngaphandle kwesizathu ekuseni. Emini, ithukuthelela izinto ezincane kakhulu, iklabalasa futhi iphonsa izinto. Kusihlwa, ihlala ekamelweni layo ikhale ngaphandle kwesizathu. Konke lokhu kungenzeka ngosuku olufanayo.
Ngokuvamile, bonke abantwana babonisa izinguquko zokuziphatha njengoba bekhula. Kodwa i-Bipolar Disorder ayivamile kangako. Lapha, izinguquko zinzima kakhulu, futhi zivame ukwenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu. Kanye nalokhu, ungase ubone okulandelayo:
- Izinguquko ezindleleni zokulala.
- Izinguquko ezinkulu emazingeni amandla omzimba.
- Ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo nokucabanga kahle.
Lezi zimpawu zingenza kube nzima ngengane ukwenza kahle esikoleni, ukusebenzelana kahle nabangani, futhi ibe nenkinga yokusebenzisana nomndeni. Into eyingozi kakhulu ukuthi ezinye izingane zingase zizame nokuzilimaza noma ukuzibulala.
Lesi simo sivame kangakanani ezinganeni?
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi cishe abantu abangu-4% abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 banesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo esibizwa ngokuthi i-bipolar disorder. Ngezinye izikhathi, izingane ezineminyaka engu-5 ubudala zingathinteka yilesi simo.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izifo zengqondo:
- Izingane ezingu-9.8% zinesifo sokungakwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo (ADHD).
- Izingane ezingu-9.4% zinezinkinga zokukhathazeka.
- Izingane ezingu-4.4% zinokucindezeleka.
Lokho kusho ukuthi lesi yisimo esibonakala ngezinga elikhulu phakathi kwezingane.
Ziyini izimpawu zesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo enganeni?
Lezi zimpawu zingahlukaniswa zibe izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko. Lezi yizimpawu zesiqephu 'sokuhlanya' kanye nezimpawu zesiqephu 'sokucindezeleka'. Ezinye izingane zibonisa izimpawu zazo zombili iziqephu ngesikhathi esisodwa (iziqephu ezixubile). Ezinye zishintsha phakathi kweziqephu ezimbili ngokushesha kakhulu (ukujikeleza okusheshayo). Ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nangosuku olufanayo.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi lezi zici zihlukile ekuziphatheni okuvamile kwengane.
Izimpawu zesiqephu sokuhlanya
Esikhundleni sokuba bajabule futhi babe nempilo njengabantu abadala, izingane zivame ukuthukuthela futhi zibonise ukuziphatha okulimazayo ngalesi sikhathi.
| Uhlobo oluyisici | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Imizwa nesimo sengqondo | Ukujabula ngokweqile nokuba nethemba ngaphandle kwesizathu. Ukwenza amahlaya angafanele iminyaka yakho. Ukuthukuthela nokuklabalasa ngisho nezinto ezincane kakhulu. |
| Izinga lamandla kanye nokulala | Ukuba namandla amakhulu, ukusebenza kakhulu. Ukuphila izinsuku eziningi ungalali kahle, uzizwa ukhathele. |
| Indaba nemicabango | Ukukhuluma ngokushesha kakhulu, ukungabavumeli abanye bakhulume. Ukugxuma kusuka komunye umqondo uye komunye. Ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo. |
| Ukuziphatha | Ukungalaleli imithetho, ukubhubhisa izinto, nokwenza izinto eziyingozi nezingenandaba (isib., ukuya ocansini olungavikelekile, ukuphuza utshwala). |
| Ukusiqhenya | Ukukholelwa ukuthi umuntu unamandla noma amakhono angavamile, amakhulu (isib., ukucabanga ukuthi wazi konke kangcono kunabantu abadala nokuthi ulawula konke). |
Izimpawu zesiqephu sokucindezeleka
Kuleli qophelo, ingane idabuke kakhulu futhi inamandla aphansi.
| Uhlobo oluyisici | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Imizwa nesimo sengqondo | Ukudabuka ngaso sonke isikhathi ngaphandle kwesizathu, ukukhala njalo. Ukulahlekelwa isithakazelo ezintweni obuzijabulela. Ukulimala ngisho nezinto ezincane kakhulu. |
| Izinga lamandla kanye nokulala | Ukuzizwa uvilapha, unenkinga yokulala, ukuvuka ekuseni kakhulu, noma ukulala kakhulu. |
| Ukuxhumana nabantu | Ukufuna ukuba wedwa, kude nabangani kanye nofunda nabo. |
| Umsebenzi wesikole nemicabango | Ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi wesikole. Ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo nokukhumbula izinto. Ukusho izinto ezimbi ngawe. |
| Izici zomzimba | Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla noma ukudla ngokweqile. Ukukhononda njalo ngekhanda elibuhlungu, izinhlungu zesisu, kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba. |
| Imicabango eyingozi | Ukukhuluma noma ukucabanga ngokufa noma ukuzibulala. |
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Uma ingane yakho ibonisa izimpawu zokucabanga ukuzibulala noma ikhuluma, bonana nodokotela ngokushesha. Uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho isengozini ngaleso sikhathi, yiyise eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha.
Yini ebangela i-Bipolar Disorder?
Ososayensi abakayitholi imbangela eqondile yalokhu, kodwa bakholelwa ukuthi izici eziningana ezibalulekile zidlala indima.
- Izakhi zofuzo: Lena imbangela eyinhloko. Kalula nje, iwufuzo . Abantu abangaphezu kwezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu abanesifo sokuguquguquka kwengqondo banelungu lomndeni eliseduze (umama, ubaba, umfowabo nodadewabo) elinalesi simo. Kodwa-ke, akubona bonke abantu abasithola ngoba nje othile emndenini enaso.
- Izinguquko zobuchopho: Ucwaningo oluthile lubonisa ukuthi izingane ezinalesi sifo zinezinguquko ekusebenzeni kwezingxenye ezithile zobuchopho.
- Ukulimala kanye nokucindezeleka: Ukubhekana nezehlakalo ezinzima nezicindezelayo, njengokufa kwelungu lomndeni noma ukuhlukunyezwa okukhulu, nakho kungabangela ukukhula kwalesi sifo kumuntu osengozini yofuzo.
Ungazi kanjani ukuthi umntwana une-Bipolar Disorder?
Lena inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kancane, njengoba izimpawu ze-Bipolar Disorder zingafana nezezinye izifo eziningi ezivame ezinganeni, njenge-ADHD (attention deficit disorder), i-Oppositional Defiant Disorder (impair behavior), kanye ne-Major Depression.
Ngakho-ke, usizo lomeluleki wezempilo yengqondo onolwazi (udokotela wezifo zengqondo noma isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo) lubalulekile ukuze kutholakale lokhu.
Udokotela wenza izinto ezinjengalezi:
- Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Hlola ezinye izifo.
- Umlando ophelele wezokwelapha: Wena nomntwana wakho nizobuzwa ngezimpawu zengane yakho kanye nomlando wezokwelapha womndeni.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha: Izinto ezifana nokuhlolwa kwegazi zenziwa ukuhlola ezinye izifo zomzimba ezingase zibangele lezi zimpawu.
- Ukuhlolwa kwempilo yengqondo: Lokhu kungase kuhilele ukudluliselwa kudokotela wezifo zengqondo onguchwepheshe. Ingane, abazali, ngisho nothisha bangase bacelwe ukuba bagcwalise imibuzo mayelana nokuziphatha kwengane.
Iphathwa kanjani?
Ngenxa yokuthi isifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo esibizwa ngokuthi i-bipolar disorder siyisimo sokuphila konke, ukwelashwa nakho kuyisimo sokuphila konke . Kungathatha izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka ukuthola uhlelo lokwelashwa olufanele lwengane yakho. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuhlala ugxile futhi uqhubeke nokwelashwa.
Uhlelo lokwelapha oluphumelelayo luhlanganisa inhlanganisela yalezi zinto:
- Imithi
- Ukwelashwa kwengqondo (noma "ukwelashwa ngokukhuluma")
- Imikhuba yokuphila enempilo (ukuzivocavoca umzimba, ukuzindla, inqubo eqhubekayo)
Ukwelapha ngengqondo
Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yohlelo lokwelashwa. Isiza ingane ukuthi ibone futhi ilawule imizwa yayo, imicabango kanye nokuziphatha kwayo.
- Imfundo Yengqondo: Ukuchaza lesi sifo ngokucacile enganeni nasemndenini.
- Ukwelashwa okugxile emndenini (FFT): Indlela yokwelapha lapho ingane nomndeni bahlanganyela khona ndawonye. Isiza ekuboneni izimpawu, ekuxazululeni izinkinga, nasekuthuthukiseni ukuxhumana.
- Ukwelashwa Ngezikhathi Ezijwayelekile: Kusiza ingane ukuba ikhule ngendlela ehlelekile nejwayelekile yokulala. Bazijwayeza ukulala nokuvuka ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Imithi
Iziqinisi zemizwa kanye nemithi yokwelapha ingqondo esetshenziswa kubantu abadala nazo zisetshenziswa ngempumelelo ezinganeni.
- Iziqinisi zemizwa: Imithi efana ne-'Lithium', i-'Valproic acid', kanye ne-'Lamotrigine' isiza ukulawula izigameko ze-'manic'.
- Ama-antipsychotics: Lawa asiza kokubili ngeziqephu 'zokusangana' kanye 'nezokucindezeleka'.
Okubalulekile: Uma ingane yakho inezinye izimo, njenge-ADHD, eminye imithi ingenza izimpawu zesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo esibizwa ngokuthi yi-bipolar zibe zimbi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, vula umlomo nodokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imithi ingane yakho eyithathayo.
Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi yalo muthi?
Yebo, njengayo yonke imithi, lokhu kungaba nemiphumela emibi. Evame kakhulu yile:
- Ukwanda kwesisindo
- Ukozela
- Ukungaphumuli, ukungakwazi ukuhlala uthule `(Akathisia)`
- Izinguquko kushukela egazini kanye namazinga e-cholesterol.
Ukunakwa okukhethekile mayelana nomuthi i-Lithium:
I-Lithium umuthi ovame ukusetshenziswa ukwelapha isifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Noma yini ehlisa amazinga e-sodium (usawoti) wengane - ukujuluka ngokweqile, umkhuhlane, ukuhlanza, uhudo - kungabangela ubuthi be-lithium. Lokhu kuyisimo esiphuthumayo.
| Izimpawu Zesexwayiso Zobuthi Be-Lithium - Yiya ku-ETU Ngokushesha! | |
|---|---|
| Izinkinga zokubona | Umbono ofiphele, umbono ophindwe kabili |
| Ukushaya kwenhliziyo | Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, okusheshayo kakhulu, noma okuhamba kancane kakhulu |
| Ezinye izici | Ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukudideka, isiyezi, ukuthuthumela okukhulu noma ukuxhuzula, ukuchama ngokweqile |
Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha imithi yengane yakho ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho. Ukuyiyeka ngokuzumayo kungabangela imiphumela emibi kakhulu futhi kuyenze ibe yimbi kakhulu leso simo.
Ngingamsiza kanjani umntanami, njengomzali?
Ukunakekela ingane enesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kungaba yinto ecindezelayo kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuzinakekela nawe. Ungacela nokwelulekwa noma ujoyine iqembu lokusekela abazali abake babhekana nento efanayo.
- Sekela ingane yakho: Khuthaza ingane yakho ukuthi ikhulume ngemizwa yayo. Yiba isilaleli esihle.
- Bekezela: Ukuthola ukwelashwa okufanele kuthatha isikhathi. Bekezela ngohambo.
- Naka isimo sengqondo sengane yakho: Gcina ibhuku lokubhala izinguquko zokuziphatha kwengane yakho. Yabelana ngalolu lwazi nothisha nezihlobo.
- Gcina isimiso esiqhubekayo ekhaya: ikakhulukazi izikhathi zokulala ezihambisanayo nezikhathi zokuvuka.
- Siza ekulawuleni ukucindezeleka: Fundisa ingane yakho izinto ezilula njengokuphefumula ngokujulile.
- Chaza ukubaluleka kokwelashwa: Chaza ukuthi ukwelashwa kungayithuthukisa kanjani impilo, khuthaza ingane yakho ukuthi iphuze imithi yayo ngesikhathi, futhi ihlanganyele ekwelashweni.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isifo se-Bipolar akuyona indlela yokuziphatha noma inkani yengane. Yisimo sangempela sezokwelapha esidinga ukwelashwa.
- Usizo lwezokwelapha olukhethekile lubalulekile ekuxilongeni nasekuphatheni lesi sifo.
- Ukwelashwa kuwuhambo olude, futhi njengomzali, ukubekezela kwakho nokusekela kubalulekile enganeni yakho.
- Uma ingane yakho ikhuluma ngokufa noma ukuzilimaza, ungalokothi uyishaye indiva. Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
- Awuwedwa. Kukhona odokotela, abeluleki, namaqembu okusekela angakusiza wena nomntanakho.
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