Usuvele waqala ukuzizwa sengathi isisu sakho sizoqhuma, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlanza futhi wonke umzimba wakho uzolahlekelwa amandla awo? Akekho kithi ofuna ukubhekana nesimo esinjalo, akunjalo? Lezi zimpawu zingabangelwa yisifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Cholera. Igama lizwakala liyesabeka kancane, kodwa uma sisazi ngalesi sifo, akunzima kangako ngathi ukuhlala siphephile kuso. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngale kholera, ukuthi ibangelwa kanjani, izimpawu zayo nokuthi singazivikela kanjani kuyo, kusukela ekuqaleni, ngendlela elula kakhulu.
Kalula nje, iyini le kholera?
I-Cholera yisifo esibangelwa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane emathunjini ethu, noma emathunjini. Ibangela uhudo olunzima nolunamanzi. Loluhudo lungaba lubi kakhulu kangangokuthi phakathi namahora ambalwa, umzimba wakho ungalahlekelwa uketshezi oluningi olubalulekile kanye nama-electrolyte - usawoti obalulekile ukuze umzimba wethu usebenze. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni .
Uma ingelashwa kahle, ikholera ingaba yingozi ngenxa yokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni okukhulu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu.
Uma unesifo sohudo, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi ngangokunokwenzeka . Kodwa-ke, uma isifo sohudo sibi kakhulu, uma uqhubeka nokuhlanza, noma uma unezimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, kufanele uye ngokushesha eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze .
Ikholera ivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezingenawo amanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile kanye nendle efanele. Ingasakazeka nangokudla ukudla kwasolwandle okuluhlaza, njenge-shellfish, okungaphekwanga kahle. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuqubuka kwekholera kwenzeka ngemva kwezinhlekelele zemvelo ezifana nezimvula ezinkulu, izikhukhula, kanye nokuzamazama komhlaba.
Yiziphi izimpawu eziyinhloko zekholera?
Uphawu oluyinhloko noluyingozi kakhulu lwekholera, njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, uhudo olubi kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlukile kohudo oluvamile. Indle yomuntu onekholera ivame ukuba mpunga, ibe namafu kancane, futhi iqukethe amafinyila. Odokotela babiza lokhu ngokuthi "indle yamanzi elayisi." Loluhudo lungaba nzima ngokushesha futhi lungaholela ekuphelelweni amanzi emzimbeni okusongela impilo.
Ukuze lolu lwazi lube lula kuwe ukuluqonda, ake sibheke lezi zimpawu etafuleni.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Uhudo olunamandla, olunamanzi | Ukuphuma okukhulu, okungenabuhlungu okufana "namanzi elayisi." |
| Ukuhlanza | Lokhu kungenzeka ikakhulukazi ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo, njengoba ukulahleka koketshezi emzimbeni kuyanda. |
| Ukoma ngokweqile | Isibonakaliso esivela ebuchosheni sokuthi uketshezi luyalahleka emzimbeni. |
| Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha | Kubangelwa ukulahleka kwama-electrolyte abalulekile njenge-sodium ne-potassium emzimbeni. |
| Ukuzizwa ubuthakathaka futhi unesiyezi | Isimo esibangelwa ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kanye nomfutho wegazi ophansi. |
| Ukuncipha kokuchama | Njengoba izinso zizama ukulondoloza uketshezi emzimbeni, ukukhiqizwa komchamo kwehla kakhulu. |
| Ukushaya kwenhliziyo | Inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima ukuze ibuyisele emuva ukwehla kwevolumu yegazi. |
Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula nalokhu. Akuwona wonke umuntu onegciwane lekholera ozobonisa lezi zimpawu. Abanye abantu bangatheleleka ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Kodwa amabhaktheriya angakhishwa endaweni ezungezile ngendle yawo bese esakaza lesi sifo kwabanye.
Ikholera ivela kanjani ngempela?
I-Cholera ibangelwa yibhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi i-Vibrio cholerae . Leli bhaktheriya livame ukuhlala emanzini afudumele, anosawoti omncane (ongamanzi amdaka).
Ngakho-ke, la magciwane angena kanjani emizimbeni yethu?
Kalula nje, kubangelwa ukuphuza amanzi noma ukudla ukudla okungcoliswe yi-bacterium `V. cholerae`. Uma amabhaktheriya engena emzimbeni, anamathela odongeni lwamathumbu ethu amancane, lapho ekhiqiza khona ubuthi. Lobu buthi buhlasela amaseli asemathunjini, okubangela ukuthi avuza uketshezi oluningi. Yilokho okubangela uhudo olukhulu.
Indlela ikholera esakazeka ngayo isuka komunye umuntu iye komunye
I-Cholera ayisabalali ngqo kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye, njengomkhuhlane, ngokuthimula noma ukukhuluma. Isabalala ngokungaqondile. Okusho ukuthi, lapho amagciwane akhishwa endaweni ezungezile ngendle yomuntu onegciwane engena emlonyeni womunye umuntu.
Cabanga ngendawo engenazo izindlu zangasese ezifanele namanzi agelezayo.
- Uma indle yomuntu onesifo sekholera ingena emthonjeni, emfuleni, noma emfudlaneni, lawo manzi angcoliswa.
- Abanye abaphuza lawo manzi, abapheka ngawo, noma abageza izandla nezinyawo zabo ngawo nabo bangangenwa yileli gciwane.
- Futhi, uma umuntu onegciwane engagezi izandla zakhe kahle ngensipho ngemva kokuya endlini yangasese, angasabalalisa amagciwane kwabanye uma elungisa ukudla ngalezo zandla ezingcolile noma ngezinto ezithintayo.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola ikholera?
Noma ubani angangenwa yi-cholera ngokuphuza amanzi angcolile, kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kancane.
- Abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezingenawo amanzi ahlanzekile kanye nokuhlanzeka: Lesi yisona sici esiyinhloko esiyingozi.
- Abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezivame ukuba nezinhlekelele zemvelo: Imithombo yamanzi isengozini enkulu ngezikhathi zezikhukhula kanye nokudilika komhlaba ngenxa yokungcola.
- Abantu abanegazi lohlobo "O": Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi abantu abanegazi lohlobo "O" bangase babe nezimpawu ezimbi kakhulu uma bengenwa yi-cholera.
- Abantu abane-asidi ephansi esiswini (Hypochlorhydria): I-asidi esesiswini sethu ifana nesithiyo semvelo. Ibulala amagciwane. Abantu abathatha imithi yesikhathi eside ye-gastritis, njenge-proton pump inhibitors, bangaba ne-asidi ephansi esiswini. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-bacterium `V. cholerae` ingangena kalula emathunjini.
- Abantu abake bahlinzwa isisu (i-Gastrectomy).
- Abantu abanesifo se-'H. pylori'.
Izinkinga eziyingozi ezingaba khona ngenxa yekholera
Into eyingozi kakhulu ngekholera ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kanye nokulahlekelwa yi-electrolyte, okungaholela ngokushesha ezinkingeni ezingaba yingozi.
- Ukushaqeka kwe-Hypovolemic: Kalula nje, ukushaqeka okubangelwa ukwehla okuyingozi koketshezi lomzimba kanye nomthamo wegazi. Lokhu kunganqamula ukuphakelwa kwegazi ezithweni zomzimba futhi kubangele ukuthi zehluleke ukusebenza.
- Izinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo: Ukwehla kwama-electrolyte afana ne-potassium kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kwenhliziyo.
- Ukwehluleka kwezitho zomzimba: Izinso ikakhulukazi zingalimala.
Udokotela uyixilonga futhi ayiphathe kanjani ikholera?
Uma uya esibhedlela, udokotela uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho bese ekuxilonga. Uma kusolwa ukuthi une-cholera, kuzothunyelwa isampula yendle ukuze ihlolwe ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Lokhu kungabona ukuthi kukhona amagciwane e-'V. cholerae'. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungenziwa futhi ukuze kuhlolwe ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kanye namazinga e-electrolyte.
Uma kukhulunywa ngokwelashwa, ukwelashwa okuyinhloko nokubaluleke kakhulu kwekholera ukufaka esikhundleni soketshezi nosawoti okulahleka emzimbeni.
- Ukubuyiselwa kwamanzi emzimbeni ngomlomo: Uma ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kungekubi kakhulu, odokotela bangase batuse izixazululo zokubuyiselwa kwamanzi emzimbeni ngomlomo (ORS) , ezifana ne-"Jeevani" esizaziyo sonke. Lezi ziqukethe inani elifanele likasawoti noshukela elidingwa umzimba.
- Uketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni: Uma ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kukhulu futhi ukuhlanza kwenza kube nzima ukuphuza uketshezi ngomlomo, usawoti uzofakwa emthanjeni esibhedlela.
- Ama-antibiotic: Nakuba kungewona wonke umuntu, ezinye iziguli zingase zinikezwe ama-antibiotic afana ne-doxycycline noma i-azithromycin ukuze kuncishiswe ubukhali nobude besikhathi sohudo.
- Izithasiselo ze-zinc: Ukunikeza izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala i-zinc kunganciphisa isikhathi sohudo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Ungathathi imithi yokwelapha isifo sohudo ngesikhathi sekholera ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela. Le mithi izovimba kuphela amagciwane ukuthi angaphumi emzimbeni futhi yenze lesi sifo sibe sibi kakhulu.
Izikhathi lapho udinga ukuya e-ETU ngokushesha!
Ngezinye izikhathi asicabangi ngohudo njengento engathi sína. Kodwa esimweni esifana nekholera, singasongela impilo. Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enezimpawu ezingezansi kanye nohudo olubi noma ukuhlanza, hamba uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha.
- Ukuqhaqhazela okukhulu kwemisipha
- Ukoma okungenakubekezeleleka
- Ukungachami ngisho nomchamo omncane amahora amaningi
- Isiyezi esikhulu kanye nobuthakathaka bekhanda
- Ukuzizwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha
- Ukudideka, ukuqonda okushintshile
Ungakugwema kanjani ikholera?
Kukhona isisho esithi "Ukuvimbela kungcono kunokwelapha." Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngokuphelele nge-cholera. Uma silandela imikhuba embalwa elula yezempilo, singahlala siphephile kalula e-cholera.
1.Phuza amanzi ahlanzekile kuphela: Uma ungaqiniseki ngamanzi asendaweni yakini, bilisa amanzi kahle bese uwaphuza . Noma sebenzisa amanzi asemabhodleleni.
2. Geza izandla zakho njalo ngensipho: Kubalulekile ukugeza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, ngaphambi kokudla, nangaphambi kokulungisa ukudla.
3. Ukuphepha Kokudla:
- Pheka ukudla kahle.
- Gwema ukudla ukudla kwasolwandle okuluhlaza noma okungaphekiwe kahle, ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi.
- Gcina ukudla okuphekiwe kuvaliwe kahle ukuze kuvikeleke ezimpukaneni.
- Uma udla izithelo nemifino kungaphekiwe, kugeze kahle ngamanzi ahlanzekile ngaphambi kokudla.
4. Sebenzisa izindlu zangasese ezifanele: Ukuvimbela indle ukuthi ingangeni endaweni ezungezile kubalulekile ekulawuleni ukusabalala kwezifo.
5. Goma: Uma uya ezweni lapho ikholera ivame khona, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthola imijovo yomlomo enconywayo. Nakuba le mijovo inganikezi isivikelo esingu-100%, inciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isici esiyinhloko nesiyingozi kakhulu sekholera ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni . Ukulahlekelwa okukhulu koketshezi nosawoti emzimbeni kungaba yingozi empilweni.
- Uhudo olunamanzi, olufana "namanzi elayisi," luwuphawu olukhulu lwekholera.
- Phuza uketshezi oluningi, ikakhulukazi i-ORS, uma unesifo sohudo. Gwema iziphuzo ezinoshukela (i-soda, iziphuzo zezithelo), okungenza isifo sohudo sibe sibi kakhulu.
- Uma unezimpawu ezifana nohudo olunzima, ukuhlanza, ukoma ngokweqile, kanye nokungakwazi ukuchama, hamba uye e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha .
- Ukuphuza amanzi ahlanzekile nokugeza izandla kahle ngensipho kuyizindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuvimbela ikholera.
- Uma unezinkinga zempilo, ikakhulukazi uma unezimpawu ezinkulu ezifana nalezi, cela iseluleko kudokotela wakho .
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