Uma sizwa ukuthi ingane yakho inomkhuhlane nomphimbo obuhlungu, sicabanga ngento efana nomkhuhlane ovamile noma i-tonsillitis, akunjalo? Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ngemuva kwezimpawu ezilula kangaka, kungaba khona into engathi sína kakhulu. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo esinjengaleso, esingajwayelekile kakhulu manje ngenxa yezinhlelo zokugoma ezweni lakithi, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ngaso. Lesi yi-diphtheria, noma i-diphtheria. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa leli gama, kodwa kungenzeka singazi kahle ukuthi hlobo luni lwesifo nokuthi kungani kufanele sisesabe. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngaso ngamagama alula.
Kalula nje, iyini i-diphtheria?
I-Diphtheria iyigciwane elithelelanayo. Libangelwa igciwane elibizwa ngokuthi i-Corynebacterium diphtheriae . Uma leli gciwane lingena emizimbeni yethu, lithinta kakhulu ikhala kanye nomphimbo wethu.
Cabanga nje, leli gciwane linamathela ezindongeni zomphimbo wethu, lihlale lapho futhi likhiqize ubuthi obuyingozi kakhulu, ubuthi . Lobu buthi bubangela ukuba amangqamuzana asemphinjeni afe. Ngemva kwesikhashana, lawa maseli afile, amagciwane, nezinye izinto ziyaqoqana bese zakha ulwelwesi olujiyile, olumpunga ngaphakathi komphimbo. Kunjengokungathi othile ufake iplasta ejiyile ngaphakathi komphimbo. Lolu uphawu oluyingozi kakhulu lwalesi sifo. Lolwelwesi olumpunga lwenza kube nzima ukugwinya, futhi lungavimba nokuphefumula ngokuphelele .
Lobu buthi abuthinti nje umphimbo kuphela, bungangena nasegazini futhi bulimaze ezinye izingxenye zomzimba, ikakhulukazi inhliziyo, isimiso sezinzwa kanye nezinso.
Ngenhlanhla kithi eSri Lanka, lesi sifo asivamile kakhulu ngenxa yochungechunge lwemigomo enikezwa izingane lapho zizalwa. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, ikakhulukazi emazweni lapho ukugoma kungavamile khona, lesi sifo sisasakazeke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi sikuqaphele lokhu.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-veneer yamatshe?
Inyongo ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko. Zihlukaniswa ngokuya ngokuthi zithinta kuphi umzimba. Ukuze uqonde lokhu ngokucacile, bheka ithebula elingezansi.
| Uhlobo lwendwangu yetshe | Izingxenye zomzimba ezithintekile | Incazelo emfushane |
|---|---|---|
| I-diphtheria yokuphefumula yakudala | Impumulo, umphimbo, amathonsi, i-larynx (ibhokisi lezwi) | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Lolu hlobo lubangela uqweqwe olumpunga emphinjeni. Lokhu kubangela ubunzima bokuphefumula. |
| I-diphtheria yesikhumba | Isikhumba (noma kuphi emzimbeni) | Yilapho kuvela khona izilonda zesikhumba, amabhamuza, noma izilonda. Lolu hlobo aluvamile kakhulu, ikakhulukazi emazweni anezimo zezulu ezifudumele. |
Ziyini ngempela izimpawu zalesi sifo?
Uma inyongo ithelelekile, kuvame ukuthatha izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezinhlanu ukuthi izimpawu zivele. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungathatha usuku olulodwa noma izinsuku eziyishumi. Abanye abantu bangase bangakhombisi zimpawu, kodwa basengasabalalisa lesi sifo kwabanye. Leso yisimo esiyingozi.
Ake sibone ngokucacile ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu eziyinhloko.
| Uhlobo lwesibonakaliso | Izimpawu ezibonisa |
|---|---|
| Izimpawu ezihlobene nohlelo lokuphefumula | |
| Izici ezijwayelekile |
|
| Izici ezikhethekile neziyingozi |
|
| Izimpawu zesikhumba (i-Cutaneous Diphtheria) | |
| Izinguquko zesikhumba |
|
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, uma wena noma omunye umuntu emndenini wakho enalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma ubona into efana naleyo mpunga emphinjeni wakho noma unenkinga yokuphefumula, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
Lesi sifo sidluliselwa kanjani sisuka komunye umuntu siye komunye?
Ukutheleleka kwesikhwehlela kufana negciwane le-coronavirus esilazi kahle manje, kodwa leli libangelwa yigciwane. Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko elingadluliselwa ngazo.
- Ngamaconsi okuphefumula: Amabhaktheriya angatholakala emaconsi amancane amathe aphuma emlonyeni nasekhaleni lapho umuntu onegciwane ekhwehlela, ethimula, noma ekhuluma. Uma umuntu ophilile ephefumula lowo moya, angangenwa yileli gciwane.
- Ngokuthinta izinto ezingcolile: Amabhaktheriya angatholakala ezintweni ezifana namapuleti, izinkomishi, amathoyizi, kanye nezibambo zeminyango ezisetshenziswe ngumuntu onegciwane. Uma umuntu ophilile ethinta lezo zinto bese ethinta ikhala, umlomo, noma amehlo akhe ngesandla esifanayo, lesi sifo singadluliselwa.
- Ngokuthinta amanxeba athelelekile: Uma umuntu ophilile ethinta inxeba elivulekile kumuntu onethegi yesikhumba, amagciwane angangena nasemzimbeni.
Into ebalulekile okufanele uyiqaphele ukuthi uma umuthi wokugoma ungathathwanga kahle, umuntu angaba ne-shingles izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa . Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukululama e-shingles kanye akunikezi isivikelo sokuphila konke.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola amatshe enyongo?
Kunamaqembu amaningana asengozini enkulu yokuthola amatshe enyongo kanye nezinkinga ezinkulu angazibangela.
- Abantu abangakawutholi umuthi wokugomela i-tetanus noma umthamo wawo wokuqinisa: Lesi yisici esiyinhloko nesiyingozi kakhulu. Njengoba isivikelo esinikezwa umuthi wokugomela singekho, amabhaktheriya angalimaza umzimba kalula.
- Abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka: Lesi sifo singaba sibi kakhulu kubantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka, njengalabo abane-HIV, iziguli ezinomdlavuza, kanye nabantu abafakelwe izitho zomzimba.
- Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala kanye nabantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala.
- Abantu abahlala noma abasebenza ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi:Isibonelo, abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezifana namakamu ababaleki nezindawo zokuhlala bangangenwa kalula yilesi sifo.
- Abantu abahambela amazwe lapho ama-cataract esasakazeke khona.
Into eyingozi kakhulu - yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona?
Uma kungelashwa ngokushesha nangendlela efanele, i-strep throat ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu nezisongela ukuphila. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba ubuthi obukhiqizwa yibhaktheriya buhamba egazini futhi bulimaza izitho ezibalulekile emzimbeni.
- Ukuvaleka komphimbo: Ifilimu empunga eyakheka emphinjeni ingavimba ngokuphelele indlela yokuphefumula, futhi ibangele nokufa ngenxa yokuminyana.
- Ukulimala kwemisipha yenhliziyo (Myocarditis): Ubuthi bungathinta inhliziyo, buphazamise isigqi sokushaya kwenhliziyo, buthaka imisipha yenhliziyo, futhi bubangele nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
- I-Neuropathy: Lobu buthi bungalimaza uhlelo lwezinzwa, bubangele izimo ezinjengobunzima bokugwinya kanye nokukhubazeka.
- Ukwehluleka kwezinso: Izinso zingalimala futhi ziyeke ukuhlunga imfucuza emzimbeni.
Lezi zinkinga zenza isimungumungwane sibe yisifo esingaba yingozi , kanti ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuthi abantu abangafika ku-30% abangagonyiwe futhi abangalashwanga bafa ngenxa yalesi sifo. Le ngozi iphakeme nakakhulu ezinganeni ezincane.
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Udokotela uhlonza isifo senyongo ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho kanye nokuhlolwa kwelebhu.
1. Ukuhlola izimpawu: Udokotela uzoqala ahlole umphimbo wakho ngokucophelela. Ngokukhethekile, uzohlola ungqimba olujiyile nolumpunga . Bazohlola nezindlala ezivuvukele kanye nomkhuhlane.
2. Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu: Ukuze kuqinisekiswe lesi sifo, udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa i-swab ukuqoqa inani elincane loketshezi ngemuva komphimbo wakho noma esilondeni esikhumbeni sakho. Isampula izothunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze ihlolwe ukuthi ikhona yini i-streptococcal bacteria.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma kukhona izinsolo zamatshe enyongo, odokotela abalindi umbiko webhubhu. Baqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngokusekelwe ekusolweni. Ngoba kulesi sifo, umzuzwana ngamunye uyabalwa.
Iphathwa kanjani?
Ukwelashwa kwe-shingles kwenziwa esibhedlela. Isiguli sigcinwa ekamelweni elihlukile (ukuhlukaniswa) ukuvimbela lesi sifo ukuthi singasabalali kwabanye. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwelapha.
1. I-Diphtheria Antitoxin:Lokhu ukwelashwa okubaluleke kakhulu. Kusebenza ngokunciphisa ubuthi obukhiqizwa yibhaktheriya bese buqongelela egazini. Ngamanye amazwi, lo muthi wokugomela uvimba ubuthi obuvele busakazeke emzimbeni wonke ekulimazeni ezinye izitho zomzimba.
2. Ama-antibiotic: Ama-antibiotic anikezwa ukubulala amagciwane. Lokhu kuvimbela lesi sifo ukuthi singasabalali kakhulu futhi singadluliselwa kwabanye sisuka esigulini.
Ngokuvamile, isiguli siyayeka ukudlulisela lesi sifo kwabanye zingakapheli amahora angu-48 kusukela siqale ukusebenzisa ama-antibiotic. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa okuphelele kuthatha cishe amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu. Kungathatha izinyanga ukuthi izilonda zesikhumba ziphole. Ekupheleni kokwelashwa, kwenziwa izivivinyo futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amagciwane asusiwe ngokuphelele emzimbeni.
Ukuvimbela kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha - ukubaluleka kokugoma
Indlela engcono kakhulu, elula, futhi ephumelela kakhulu yokuzivikela kulesi sifo esiyingozi ukugonywa . Umuthi wokugomela isimungumungwane usebenza kahle kakhulu. Uma yonke imithamo emithathu inikezwa kahle, ungavimbela abantu abangaphezu kuka-87% ekutholeni lesi sifo.
Ngaphansi koHlelo Lukazwelonke Lokugoma eSri Lanka, izingane zinikezwa imijovo ehlanganisiwe evikela ezifweni ezintathu: i-diphtheria, i-tetanus, kanye ne-pertussis. Uma ubheka irekhodi lokukhula kwempilo yengane yakho (i-CHDR), iminyaka lapho le mijovo yanikezwa khona iyaphawulwa.
Kubalulekile nakwabadala ukuthi balondoloze lesi sivikelo. Ukuzivikela komzimba okuhlinzekwa yi-vaccine kungancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, kuyalulekwa ukuthi abantu abadala bathole umthamo wokukhulisa okungenani njalo eminyakeni eyi-10 . Uma ungaqiniseki ngemininingwane yakho yokugoma, khuluma nodokotela womndeni wakho ukuze uthole iseluleko.
Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ngemithi yokugoma, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho. Bazokuchazela konke. Kungcono ukuphepha kunokuzisola.
Noma nini lapho kufanele ubonane nodokotela
Kunezimo eziningana lapho kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha:
- Uma unemibuzo mayelana nomuthi wokugomela i-tetanus.
- Uma uke wahlangana nomuntu owayene-shingles.
- Uma unezinye zezimpawu ezibalwe ngenhla.
- Uma uba nezimpawu ezintsha noma ezingachazeki.
Ungakhohlwa: Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma unenkinga yokuphefumula , ungachithi isikhathi uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kungasindisa impilo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Diphtheria yisifo esiyingozi nesithathelwanayo esibangelwa yibhaktheriya.
- Uphawu oluyinhloko noluyingozi kakhulu ukwakheka kwefilimu engwevu ebanzi emphinjeni, okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula.
- Lesi sifo singasakazeka ngokuthimula, ukukhwehlela, kanye nokuxhumana nezinto ezithelelekile.
- Indlela engcono kakhulu nephumelela kakhulu yokuzivikela ku-masisi ukugonywa ngesikhathi. Qiniseka ukuthi wena kanye nemithi yokugoma yezingane zakho ihambisana nesikhathi.
- Uma kuvela izimpawu ezinzima njengobunzima bokuphefumula, ungalibali bese uya e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha.
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