Ingabe ingane yakho inenkinga yokufunda? Ake sixoxe nge-dyslexia!

Ingabe ingane yakho encane ayithandi umsebenzi wesikole, ikakhulukazi izifundo ezifana neSinhala nesiNgisi? Ingabe ichitha isikhathi esiningi ifunda futhi ibhala kunezinye izingane? Noma ingabe ixuba izinhlamvu? Ngezinye izikhathi isizathu salokhu akusikho ubuvila, kodwa ukukhubazeka kokufunda okubizwa ngokuthi i-dyslexia. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe namuhla.

Iyini i-Dyslexia?

Kalula nje, i-dyslexia iyinkinga yokufunda eyenza imisebenzi yokufunda neyolimi ibe nzima . Kwenzeka ngoba kukhona ukuphazamiseka okuthile ezinqubweni ezisetshenziswa ubuchopho bakho ukuqonda umbhalo obhaliwe. Iningi labantu litholakala linalesi simo besebancane, futhi ngokuvamile sihlala isikhathi eside. Sibizwa nangokuthi 'i-developmental dyslexia'.

I-Dyslexia ingena esigabeni esikhulu 'sezinkinga zokufunda ezithile'. Inezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• Okuhlobene nokufunda (i-Dyslexia)
• Okuhlobene nokubhala (i-Dysgraphia)
• Okuhlobene nezibalo (i-Dyscalculia)

Indlela i-dyslexia ethinta ngayo ukuqonda ulimi

Siqala ukufunda ngolimi olukhulunywayo, akunjalo? Njengabantwana, siqala ngokwenza imisindo elula. Njengoba sifunda imisindo eminingi, sifunda ukusebenzisa leyo misindo ukwakha amagama nemisho. Ukufunda ukufunda kusho ukufunda ukuhlanganisa le misindo nezinhlamvu ezibhaliwe (izimpawu).

Yilapho i-dyslexia ingena khona. Iphazamisa ikhono lobuchopho bakho 'lokuhlela' ulimi olubhaliwe. Kwenza kube nzima ngobuchopho bakho ukuqonda lokho okufundayo, ikakhulukazi ukuhlukanisa amagama abe imisindo nokuhlanganisa izinhlamvu nemisindo.

Uma izinqubo zobuchopho zihamba kancane ngale ndlela, zingathinta konke okulandelayo. Isibonelo:

• Kuthatha isikhathi eside ukufunda ngoba amagama kunzima ukuwaqonda.
• Ubunzima bokubhala nokupela .
• Kuthinta inkumbulo yamagama kanye nezincazelo zawo.
• Ubunzima bokwakha imisho ukuze kuvezwe imibono eyinkimbinkimbi.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

I-Dyslexia ayiyona into evamile emhlabeni, kodwa isakazeke ngokwanele ukuba abantu abaningi bakhulume ngayo. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, lesi simo sithinta cishe u-7% wabantu emhlabeni. Singathinta noma ubani, kungakhathaliseki ubulili noma uhlanga.

Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi banezimpawu, kodwa zingase zingabi zimbi ngokwanele ukuba zixilongwe. Kuhlanganisa nalabo abanezimpawu kodwa abangaxilongwanga, mhlawumbe ama-20% abantu emhlabeni wonke bahlushwa yi-dyslexia.

Ziyini izimbangela ze-dyslexia?

Imbangela eqondile ye-dyslexia ayikacaci , kodwa kunezinkomba ezithile zokuthi ingenzeka kanjani ezimweni eziningi.

• Izakhi zofuzo:I-Dyslexia iyisifo esibangelwa izakhi zofuzo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingangena emindenini. Uma umzali oyedwa ene-dyslexia, kunethuba elingu-30% kuya ku-50% lokuthi ingane izolithola njengefa. Abantu abanezimo zofuzo, njenge-Down syndrome, nabo banamathuba amaningi okuthola i-dyslexia.
• Umehluko ekukhuleni nasekusebenzeni kobuchopho: Uma une-dyslexia, 'une-neurodivergent'. Lokhu kusho ukuthi indlela ubuchopho bakho obakhiwe noma obusebenza ngayo ihlukile kunendlela obekulindelekile. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi abantu abane-dyslexia banomehluko ekwakhiweni, ekusebenzeni, kanye namakhemikhali obuchopho babo.
• Ukuthuthukiswa nokusebenza kobuchopho okuphazamisekile: Ukutheleleka kanye nokuchayeka ezintweni ezinobuthi esibelethweni nakho kungandisa ingozi yokuthola i-dyslexia kamuva ekuphileni.

Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi?

Kunezici eziningana eziyingozi ezingathinta ingozi yomuntu yokuba ne-dyslexia. Ezinye zazo yilezi:

• Ukuchayeka ezintweni ezinobuthi: Izinto ezifana nokungcoliswa komoya kanye nokungcoliswa kwamanzi kungandisa ingozi ye-dyslexia. Lokhu kungaba yiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngezinsimbi ezisindayo ezifana ne-lead kanye ne-manganese, i-nicotine, kanye namanye amakhemikhali asetshenziswa njengezithibi zomlilo .
• Ukuntuleka kokufinyelela ezintweni zokufunda: Uma ukufunda kungakhuthazwa ekhaya, noma uma kunezincwadi ezimbalwa zokufunda, izingane ezinjalo zisengozini enkulu yokuthola i-dyslexia.
• Imikhawulo endaweni yokufunda: Izingane ezingenalo ukwesekwa ezikudingayo ukuze zifunde, kungaba sesikoleni noma ezindaweni zokufunda ezifanayo, nazo zinamathuba amaningi okuthola i-dyslexia.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-dyslexia?

Njengoba ingane ikhula, i-dyslexia ingazibonakalisa ngezimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Ubunzima bokupela ngisho namagama alula.
• Ubunzima bokufunda amagama ezinhlamvu.
• Ubunzima bokuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlamvu ezinesimo esifanayo, isibonelo, izinhlamvu 'd' no-'b', noma izinhlamvu 'p' no-'q'.
• Ubunzima bokuthola amagama anemisindo efanayo.
• Ukungathandi ukufunda ngokuzwakalayo ekilasini.
• Ubunzima bokuphimisa (ukubiza amagama amasha) amagama amasha.
• Ubunzima bokuhlobanisa imisindo nezinhlamvu noma izingxenye zamagama.
• Ubunzima bokufunda ukuthi imisindo ihlangana kanjani.
• Ukufunda igama ngokushintsha izindawo lapho imisindo ikhona khona (isib., 'nakapawa' esikhundleni sika-'kapanawa').

Ukuba nesici esisodwa noma ezimbili zalezi akusho ukuthi ingane ine-dyslexia. Kodwa-ke, uma ingane inenkinga yokufunda amakhono okufunda ayisisekelo , ukuhlolwa kwe-dyslexia kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi ingane idinga usizo olukhethekile yini.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zobunzima be-dyslexia:

• Okuncane: Ngisho noma kukhona ubunzima, bunganqotshwa uma kunikezwa usizo olufanele kanye nezindawo ezifanele.
• Okumaphakathi: Ubunzima bukhulu ngokwanele ukuthi bungadinga iseluleko nosizo olukhethekile. Kungadingeka nokungenelela okukhethekile noma izixazululo.
• Okukhulu: Ubunzima bukhulu kangangokuthi buyaqhubeka nokuba yinkinga naphezu kokusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezikhethekile zokungenelela, izindawo zokwelashwa, kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Ihlolwa kanjani i-dyslexia?

Nakuba i-dyslexia ibangelwa izinguquko ebuchosheni bakho, azikho izivivinyo zegazi noma izivivinyo zelebhu zokuyixilonga. Kunalokho, abantu abanalesi sifo sokufunda babonakala ngokubheka izimpawu ezivamile kanye nokuhlolwa.

Izinto ezilandelayo kufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kuhlolwa i-dyslexia:

• Ukufunda amagama angaziwa ngokuzwakalayo (Ukubhala ikhodi).
• Amakhono olimi olukhulunywayo.
• Isivinini sokufunda nokuqonda (Ukufunda ngokushelelayo nokuqonda kokufunda).
• Ukupela.
• Isilulumagama.
• Ukuqashelwa kwamagama.

Ingane yami kufanele ihlolwe nini i-dyslexia?

Ngokuvamile kungcono ukuhlolwa ukukhubazeka kokufunda kusenesikhathi . Uma uthola ukuxilongwa ngokushesha, kulapho ingane yakho ingaqala khona ukufunda amasu amasha okufunda ngokushesha. Izingane eziningi zibonisa izinkinga zokufunda ngaphambi kwebanga lesithathu. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi isidingo sokufunda siyanda njengoba zikhula, kubalulekile ukuhlonza noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka kokufunda kusenesikhathi.

Isikole sengane yakho singase sincome ukuhlolwa kokukhubazeka kokufunda ngudokotela wengqondo wezemfundo oqinisekisiwe. Cela usizo kubaphathi besikole ukuthola umuntu ongakusiza.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-dyslexia?

Okwamanje, alikho ikhambi le-dyslexia. Esikhundleni salokho, ukungenelela kwezemfundo kungafundisa izindlela ezintsha nezisebenzayo zokufunda nokufunda.

Izingane ezine-dyslexia zingasebenzisana nochwepheshe oqeqeshiwe ukuthuthukisa amakhono amasha okufunda. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukufundisa isifundo kancane kancane kunikeza ingane ene-dyslexia isikhathi esengeziwe sokufunda. Sebenzisana nesikole sengane yakho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho ithola imfundo eyifanele.

Ngingamsiza kanjani ingane yami ene-dyslexia?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ukufunda izincwadi ngokuzwakalayo nengane yakho . Ukuchitha isikhathi ndawonye kanjalo kuzoba usizo olukhulu njengoba ingane yakho izama ukuthuthukisa amakhono ayo okufunda.

"Futhi kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-dyslexia akuyona into ingane yakho engayilawula. Yiba nesineke futhi usekele.""Isikhuthazo nokusekelwa okunikezayo kungaba yisona sizathu esidingekayo sengane yakho njengoba ifunda ukulawula i-dyslexia yayo. Kungasiza futhi ekunciphiseni ukwesaba nokukhathazeka ekuzwayo lapho ibhekene nemisebenzi yokufunda."

Ungammela futhi ingane yakho. Wena nesikole sengane yakho ningasebenzisana ukudala Uhlelo Lwemfundo Oluzimele (i-IEP). Lo mbhalo uyakusiza ukuthi uthuthukise okulindelwe kanye nezinhlelo zezifundo zengane yakho esikoleni.

Ingabe i-dyslexia kubantu abadala ingelashwa?

Yebo, abantu abadala bangazuza ekwelashweni kwe-dyslexia. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uneminyaka emingaki, kunezinhlelo namathuluzi angasiza ngezinkinga zokufunda ezihlobene ne-dyslexia.

Iyini inhloso ye-dyslexia?

I-dyslexia ivame ukubonwa lapho izingane ziqala ukufunda, kodwa ayibonwa njalo kusenesikhathi. Ngaphandle kokuxilongwa kusenesikhathi, izingane eziningi zibhekana nezinkinga zokufunda phakathi neminyaka yazo yesikole kuze kube yilapho sezikhulile.

Uma i-dyslexia ingatholakali, kungaba nzima ngezingane ukuphumelela esikoleni. Uma i-dyslexia itholakala ngisho nasebangeni lesibili, izingane zinesikhathi esiningi sokuthola izindlela ezahlukene zokufunda nokufunda.

Imibono eyiphutha mayelana ne-dyslexia yenze abanye bakholelwe ukuthi abantu abane-dyslexia abahlakaniphile. Nakuba lokhu kungelona iqiniso, lo mbono ongalungile ungaba nomthelela omubi ezinganeni.

Ingane ene-dyslexia ingase ibe nezinkinga zokuzethemba noma ikholelwe ukuthi ayihlakaniphile. Iphinde ibe sengozini enkulu yokuba nezimo zempilo yengqondo njengokukhathazeka noma ukucindezeleka. Ukusekelwa okuhle okuvela kubazali nothisha kungasiza ingane ukuba inqobe lezi zithiyo.

Ingabe i-dyslexia ingavinjelwa?

I-dyslexia akuyona into engavinjelwa . Kodwa-ke, ivame ukuphathwa ngokusebenzisa amasu ahlukene okufunda nokufunda. Kufanele wenze okulandelayo:

• Uma ubona izimpawu zokuqala ze-dyslexia, khuluma nodokotela.
• Sebenzisana nesikole sengane yakho ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwemfundo oluqondene nomuntu ngamunye (i-IEP) olufanele ingane yakho.
• Qaphela impilo yengqondo yengane yakho futhi. Uma ingane yakho ihlushwa ukukhathazeka noma ezinye izinkinga ngenxa ye-dyslexia, cabanga ngokufuna usizo lwezempilo yengqondo.

Kusho ukuthini ukuphila ne-dyslexia?

Umbono ovamile ongaqondile ukuthi i-dyslexia iyisifo. Omunye umbono ongaqondile ukuthi umuntu one-dyslexia akahlakaniphi kangako. Yomibili le mibono ayilungile nhlobo. Eqinisweni, ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi akukho ukuxhumana phakathi kobuhlakani ne-dyslexia. Abantu abaningi abane-dyslexia baphumelele kakhulu emikhakheni abayikhethile.

"Ukuba ne-dyslexia akusho ukuthi unenkinga yokufunda, akusho ukuthi awukwazi, noma ukuthi uyavilapha. Ukuthola izindlela zokusiza ekuphatheni i-dyslexia kubalulekile ekufundeni okuphumelelayo nasekulondolozeni ukuzethemba. Qonda ukuthi ukuba ne-dyslexia akusho ukuthi awuhlakaniphile kangako. "

Kungenzeka yini ukuphumelela ngisho noma une-dyslexia?

Yebo impela! Nakuba kuyinselele kubantu abaningi abane-dyslexia, baningi abantu abaye bafeza izinto ezinhle naphezu kokuba ne-dyslexia. Nanka abanye abantu abadumile nabaphumelelayo abane-dyslexia:

• UJennifer Aniston (umlingisi, umkhiqizi)
• URichard Branson (usomabhizinisi, usomabhizinisi, umsizi wokusiza abantu)
• USher (umculi)
• U-Anderson Cooper (intatheli)
• UTom Cruise (umlingisi)
• U-Amanda Gorman (imbongi)
• USalma Hayek (umlingisi, umqondisi)
• UTom Holland (umlingisi)
• U-Irvin "Magic" Johnson (umdlali)
• UKeanu Reeves (Umlingisi, Umsizi Wezenhlalakahle, Umshicileli)
• U-Octavia Spencer (umlingisi, umbhali)
• USteven Spielberg (umqondisi)
• UTim Tebow (umdlali)
• UHenry Winkler (umlingisi)

Ingabe i-dyslexia uhlobo lwe-autism? Noma i-ADHD?

Cha, i-dyslexia kanye ne-autism yizimo ezimbili ezihlukene. I-Autism spectrum disorder kanye nokukhubazeka kokufunda okuthile (kufaka phakathi i-dyslexia kanye nezinye izinhlobo zayo ezimbili) zombili zingaphansi kwesigaba sezinkinga ze-neurodevelopmental. Kodwa azifani. Umuntu angaba nazo zombili ngesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa ukuba nesinye akusho ukuthi kubange esinye.

Ngokufanayo, i-dyslexia kanye ne-attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) yizimo ezimbili ezihlukene. Njenge-autism, i-ADHD isesigabeni esifanayo nezinkinga zokufunda ezithile, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi umuntu abe ne-ADHD kanye ne-dyslexia. Kodwa-ke, azizimele, okusho ukuthi ukuba neyodwa akubanga enye.

Ingabe i-dyslexia iyinkinga yokufunda njalo?

Cha, i-dyslexia akuyona njalo inkinga yokufunda. I-dyslexia yokukhula - uhlobo lokukhubazeka kokufunda - iyona evame kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kungaba nolunye uhlobo olungajwayelekile kakhulu.

I-Acquired dyslexia uhlobo lwe-dyslexia olungakhula kamuva ekuphileni. Cishe njalo lubangelwa esinye isenzakalo sezokwelapha noma isimo. Ukulimala kobuchopho kungaphazamisa izinqubo ezifana nokufunda. Ngokuvamile kubangelwa isifo sohlangothi, ukulimala ekhanda, noma esinye isifo esingalimaza ubuchopho .

Ingabe i-dyslexia iyinkinga yokubona ebangela ukuthi izinhlamvu zibonakale ziphambene futhi zishintshile?

Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungaba njalo, kodwa hhayi njalo. I-Dyslexia yisimo esingathinta indlela obona futhi uqonda ngayo izincwadi nokubhala. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke umuntu obhekana nezimpawu ze-dyslexia ngendlela efanayo.

Ukuba ne-dyslexia kunoma yimuphi ubudala kungaba yinto ekhungathekisayo nebangela amahloni. Ezinganeni, kungaba umthombo wokwesaba okukhulu nokukhathazeka lapho zingaqondi ukuthi kungani zinobunzima bokwenza into abanye abangayenza ngaphandle kobunzima. Uma wena noma ingane yakho nine-dyslexia, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lesi yisimo esisakazeke emhlabeni wonke. Futhi, akusho ukuthi awuhlakaniphi, awunasithakazelo, noma uvilapha kakhulu. Kungushintsho endleleni ubuchopho bakho obusebenza ngayo. Kuzokuphonsela inselelo, kodwa akudingeki ukuthi kuphazamise imigomo yakho.

Uma uthisha wengane yakho esola ukuthi ingane yakho ine-dyslexia, ungathola usizo. Khuluma nodokotela wengane yakho, uthisha, noma abaphathi besikole kanye nochwepheshe ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungasiza kanjani ingane yakho ukuthi ilawule futhi inqobe i-dyslexia.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Kulungile, nansi ezinye izinto okudingeka uzikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho nge-dyslexia:

• I-dyslexia ayisona isifo noma ukuntuleka kokuhlakanipha. Iwushintsho endleleni ubuchopho obucubungula ngayo ulimi.
• Izimpawu eziyinhloko ubunzima bokufunda, ukubhala kanye nokupela. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu usemncane.
• Uma kutholakale kusenesikhathi, kunikezwe usizo olufanele, futhi kusetshenziswa izindlela zemfundo ezikhethekile, ingane ingafunda ngempumelelo.
• Uthando, ukwesekwa, kanye nesikhuthazo sabazali nothisha kubaluleke kakhulu. Kuyasiza ekwakheni ukuzethemba kwengane.
• Abantu abane-dyslexia bangaphila impilo ephumelelayo futhi bafeze izinto ezinkulu. Kunezibonelo eziningi zalokho emhlabeni.
• Uma usola ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho ningaba ne-dyslexia, ungalibali ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha noma usizo lochwepheshe bezemfundo.

"Ungakhohlwa, wonke umntwana uhlukile, futhi indlela yokufunda yomuntu wonke ihlukile. I-Dyslexia ingenye yalezo zimo ezihlukile. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuyiqonda nokusiza ngothando."

I- Dyslexia, ubunzima bokufunda, ukukhubazeka kokufunda, imfundo yabantwana, ukudideka kwezincwadi, ukusebenza kobuchopho, ukwesekwa kwezemfundo