Uyazazi yini ngomdlavuza wamehlo? Ake sixoxe ngakho kalula.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sikhathalela kangakanani amehlo ethu, siyakhathazeka lapho umbono wethu uba lufifi kancane noma amehlo ethu eba bomvu. Kodwa wake wacabanga ukuthi umdlavuza ungakhula ngaphakathi kweso? Yebo, kuyiqiniso. Nakuba lokhu kungavamile kakhulu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukuqaphela. Ngakho-ke ungakhathazeki, namuhla sizoxoxa ngokuthi uyini umdlavuza wamehlo, yiziphi izimpawu zawo, nokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha.

Kalula nje, uyini umdlavuza wamehlo?

Umdlavuza wamehlo ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza esweni lakho, okungukuthi, inhlamvu yeso nezindawo ezizungezile. Ngokuvamile, amangqamuzana emzimbeni wethu ayahlukana futhi akhule ngendlela elawulwayo. Kodwa kumdlavuza, lawa maseli aqala ukuhlukana ngokushesha futhi akhule ndawonye ngokungalawuleki, akhe isimila.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zalezi zinhlobo zamantongomane:

• Okuhle: Lokhu akuzona izifo zomdlavuza. Zakheka endaweni eyodwa bese zihlala lapho, futhi azisabalali kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
• Okulimazayo: Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi umdlavuza. Lawa mathumba angakhula futhi asakazeke (asakazeke) kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Into engcono kakhulu ukuthi uma umdlavuza wamehlo utholakala futhi welashwa kusenesikhathi, kunethuba elikhulu lokuvimbela ukusabalala kwawo nokuwelapha.

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo zomdlavuza wamehlo?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza wamehlo. Odokotela bazihlukanisa ngokwezigaba ngokusekelwe lapho umdlavuza uqala khona, indawo yeso, kanye nohlobo lwamaseli. Ake sibheke izinhlobo eziyinhloko.

Ama-Melanoma angaphakathi kweso

Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza wamehlo oluvame kakhulu kubantu abadala. Luvela kumaseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-melanocytes, anika isikhumba sethu umbala waso. Njenge-melanoma, uhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba olubi kakhulu, luvame ukuvela engxenyeni ephakathi yeso (uvea).

• I-Iris Melanoma: Lokhu kwenzeka engxenyeni enombala yeso, i-iris. Lokhu kungaba yindawo entsha engxenyeni enombala yeso ekhula kancane kancane. Lokhu kukhula kancane kancane.
• I-Ciliary Body Melanoma: Lokhu kuvela emisipheni eshukumisa ilensi yeso ukuze ivumelane nokubona okuseduze nokukude.
• I-Choroidal Melanoma: Lokhu kuvela ongqimbeni oluhlinzeka ngegazi ku-retina nangaphambili kweso. I-Melanoma yeso ivame ukwenzeka kule ndawo.
• I-Conjunctival Melanoma: Uhlobo lwe-melanoma oluvela olwelwesini oluncane olumboza okumhlophe kweso. Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu.

Umdlavuza Wezinkophe Nowe-Orbital

Lokhu kukhula ezicutshini eziseduze neso, njengezinkophe, izindlala zokudabuka, kanye nemisipha eshukumisa iso.

• I-Squamous cell carcinoma: Ivela emaseli angaphezulu kwesikhumba.
• I-basal cell carcinoma: Isifo somdlavuza we-basal cell:Ivela kumaseli ayisisekelo phezulu kwesikhumba.
• I-Rhabdomyosarcoma: Yakha ngaphakathi kwemisipha.

I-Retinoblastoma

Lona umdlavuza oqala e-retina ngemuva kweso. Uvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 .

I-Intraocular Lymphoma

Lona umdlavuza ongavamile okhula emangqamuzaneni amhlophe egazi abizwa ngokuthi ama-lymphocyte. Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-50 kanye nalabo abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka basengozini enkulu.

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza wamehlo?

Esikhathini esiningi, umdlavuza wamehlo awubonisi zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Izimpawu zivela kuphela uma isimila sesikhule kancane futhi siphazamisa ukusebenza kweso. Kodwa ungesabi ukuthi unomdlavuza ngoba nje unalezi zimpawu. Lezi zimpawu zingabonakala nakwezinye izifo zamehlo ezincane. Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubona udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu uma uzizwa into efana nale.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wamehlo?

Nakuba imbangela eqondile ingakatholakali, abacwaningi bathole ukuthi izici ezithile zingandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wamehlo.

• Ubudala: Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-50 basengozini enkulu. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo esikhulume ngalo ngaphambili, i-"Retinoblastoma," luvela kuphela ezinganeni ezincane.
• Umbala wesikhumba: Abantu abanesikhumba esikhanyayo basengozini enkulu.
• Umbala wamehlo: Abantu abanamehlo anombala okhanyayo, njengoluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noluhlaza okotshani, basengozini enkulu kunalabo abanamehlo ansundu amnyama.
• Izimo zofuzo: Ezinye izimo zofuzo zingandisa ingozi.
• Ukuchayeka elangeni: Kunobufakazi bokuthi ukuchayeka njalo emisebeni ye-ultraviolet (UV) yelanga nakho kungaba nomthelela othile, kodwa ucwaningo lusaqhubeka ngalokhu.

Udokotela uhlonza kanjani lokhu?

Uma unezimpawu, uzothunyelwa kudokotela wamehlo. Uzokwenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuze anqume ezinye izimo ngaphambi kokuqinisekisa ukuthi unomdlavuza yini.

1. Ukuhlolwa Kwamehlo

Udokotela uzohlola amehlo akho ngokucophelela. Uzobheka amabala amnyama amasha kanye nemithambo yegazi evuvukele. Uzosebenzisa imishini ekhethekile kulokhu.

• I-Ophthalmoscope: Ithuluzi elinokukhanya okusetshenziselwa ukubuka izingxenye zangemuva kweso, njenge-retina.
• Isibani Esiqhekekile: Ithuluzi elifana ne-microscope elikhulisa futhi libone ngokucacile izingxenye zangaphambili nezangemuva zeso.

2. Ukuskena (Ukuthwebula Izithombe)

Umdlavuza ungatholakala kaningi ngokuhlolwa kwamehlo kanye nokuskena.

• I-Ultrasound: Isebenzisa amaza omsindo ukudala izithombe ngaphakathi kweso. Ubukhulu nendawo yesimila kungatholakala ngokunembile.
• I-Fluorescein angiography: Kufakwa idayi ekhethekile emithanjeni yegazi ukuhlola ukuhamba kwegazi emithanjeni yegazi engaphakathi kweso.

Uma kukhona ukusola ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele ngale kwamehlo, kungenziwa izivivinyo ezifana ne -CT scans , i-MRI scans , kanye ne-PET scans .

3. Ukuhlolwa kwe-biopsy

Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ingxenye encane kakhulu yezicubu ezivela esimila bese uyihlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze ubone ukuthi akhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kunganikeza ulwazi oluningi, njengohlobo lomdlavuza kanye nezinguquko zawo zofuzo. Lolu lwazi lubaluleke kakhulu ekuhleleni ukwelashwa.

Umdlavuza welashwa kanjani?

Ukwelashwa kuncike ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, ubukhulu bawo, ukuthi ususabalale kangakanani, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke. Uma kuyisifo esikhula kancane, udokotela wakho angase anqume ukusiqapha isikhashana kunokuthi aselaphe ngokushesha.

Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha eziyinhloko:

Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe

Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha evame ukusetshenziswa yomdlavuza wamehlo.

• Ukwelashwa nge-Brachy: Lokhu kuhilela ukufakwa ngokuhlinzwa kwediski encane equkethe izinto ezikhipha imisebe eduze kwesimila. Imisebe ekhishwa kule disk ibhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe Yangaphandle (i-EBRT): Umshini ongaphandle komzimba uletha imisebe eqondiwe esimila.

Ukuhlinzwa

Ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela engcono kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezimila ezincane ezingasabalali.

• I-Iridectomy: Ukususwa kwengxenye ye-iris.
• I-Iridocyclectomy: Ukususwa kwengxenye yomzimba we-iris kanye ne-ciliary.
• Ukukhishwa kwezicubu: Uma isimila sikhulu noma uma ukwelashwa kungakwazi ukusindisa umbono, lonke i-eyeball kungadingeka lisuswe. Lokhu kungaba buhlungu ukuzwa, kodwa kungadingeka ukuze kusindiswe impilo. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, iso lokwenziwa liyafakwa ukuze lifane nelinye iso.
• Ukukhishwa kwezicubu ezizungeze iso: Uma umdlavuza ususakazekele ezicutshini ezizungeze iso, inhlamvu yeso kanye nezinye izicubu ezizungezile kungadingeka zisuswe.

Ukwelashwa Nge-Laser

Ukwelashwa nge-laser kusebenzisa ukushisa okuvela emisebeni ye-laser ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziselwa ukuvimbela umdlavuza ukuthi ungabuyi ngemva kokwelashwa nge-radiation.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha

Uma umdlavuza ususakazeke noma ungasabeli kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha, ukwelashwa okufana ne-immunotherapy , ukwelashwa okuqondiwe , noma i-chemotherapy kungacatshangelwa.

Ingabe umdlavuza wamehlo ungalapheka ngokuphelele?

Lokhu kuncike ezintweni eziningi. Izinto ezifana nohlobo lomdlavuza, ubukhulu bawo, nokuthi usakazeke kangakanani kuyawuthinta. Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma umdlavuza utholakala futhi welashwa usesekhona ngaphakathi kweso, okungukuthi, ngaphambi kokuba usakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, izinga lokuphulukiswa liphezulu kakhulu.

Yingakho sihlala sithi uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingavamile emehlweni akho noma uma unenkinga yokubona, ungayinaki bese ubona udokotela ngokushesha. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo.