Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi isisu sakho sigcwele, noma uvame ukuzwa ubuhlungu obuncane esiswini sakho esingezansi? Ungase ucabange ukuthi kuyinto evamile, noma mhlawumbe kuyinkinga yokugaya ukudla. Kodwa lezi zimpawu ezincane, ikakhulukazi njengabesifazane, akufanele neze zinganakwa. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngohlobo lomdlavuza abantu abaningi abangakaze bezwe ngalo, kodwa olubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yabesifazane. Lowo umdlavuza we-fallopian tube.
Kalula nje, uyini umdlavuza we-Fallopian Tube?
Kulungile, ake siqale ekuqaleni. Ama-Fallopian Tubes angamapayipi amabili amancane kakhulu athwala amaqanda esuka kuma-ovari ethu aye esibelethweni. Kalula nje, ayiyona ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yenqubo lapho iqanda lihlangana khona nesidoda ukuze kwakheke umntwana. Ngakho-ke lo mdlavuza uqala emangqamuzaneni angaphakathi kwala mapayipi e-fallopian.
Esikhathini esiningi, lo mdlavuza uqala ezicutshini ezisemapayipini e-fallopian. Ngokwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi izicubu ze-epithelial. Ngokumangalisayo, indlela lo mdlavuza oziphatha ngayo, indlela osakazeka ngayo, kanye nendlela esiwuphatha ngayo kufana kakhulu nomdlavuza wesibeletho. Yingakho odokotela belapha futhi bephatha zombili lezi zinhlayiya ngendlela efanayo.
Inselele enkulu ngalo mdlavuza ukuthi awubonisi zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala futhi usakazeka ngokushesha okukhulu . Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi uma utholakala kahle ezigabeni zokuqala futhi amaseli omdlavuza angasuswa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa, kuyisifo esingelapheka ngokuphelele . Kodwa ngesikhathi utholakala, umdlavuza usuvele usakazeke, okwenza kube nzima kancane ukwelapha.
Uvame kangakanani lo mdlavuza?
Isikhathi eside, odokotela babecabanga ukuthi umdlavuza we-fallopian tube wawuwuhlobo olungavamile lomdlavuza wezifo zabesifazane. Cishe u-1% kuphela wabo bonke umdlavuza wesifazane uqala emangqamuzaneni e-fallopian tubes.
Kodwa ucwaningo olusha luthole ukuthi iningi lezinhlobo zomdlavuza esivame ukuwubiza ngokuthi umdlavuza we-ovarian, obizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza we-ovarian we-epithelial, empeleni uqala emapayipini e-fallopian. Ngokukhethekile, uqala kuma-fimbriae, lapho iqanda lingena khona epayipini le-fallopian lisuka esibelethweni. Bese lisakazeka ebusweni be-ovary nakwezinye izingxenye ze-pelvis nesisu.
Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele siziqaphele?
Inkinga enkulu ngalo mdlavuza ukuthi izimpawu kunzima ukuzibona ezigabeni zokuqala futhi sivame ukuzishaya indiva, sicabanga ukuthi zivamile. Ungase ungaboni noma yiziphi izinguquko ezinkulu kuze kube yilapho umdlavuza ususakazeke esiswini sonke. Kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi siqaphele lezi zimpawu.
Khumbula, akubona bonke abanalezi zimpawu abanomdlavuza. Kodwa uma ziqhubeka, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho ukuze akunike iseluleko.
Ake sibone ukuthi lezi zimpawu ziyini kuthebula elingezansi.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ubuhlungu be-pelvic noma ukuzwa iqhubu | Ubuhlungu obungapheli noma iqhubu endaweni yesinqe. |
| Ubuhlungu besisu, ukuqunjelwa, noma ukugcwala | Ukuqunjelwa, umuzwa wokugcwala ngaphandle kwesizathu. Abesifazane abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyinto evamile. |
| Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla noma ukuzizwa usuthi ngokushesha | Ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla, ukuzizwa usuthi ngisho nangemva kokudla kancane, kanye nokuzizwa unesicanucanu. |
| Ushintsho emikhubeni yokugeza | Izimo ezinjengokuqunjelwa noma uhudo. |
| Isidingo sokuphuza njalo | Ukudinga ukuchama kaningi kunokujwayelekile. |
| Ukuya esikhathini okungavamile noma ukuphuma kwegazi ngemva kokuya esikhathini | Ukuya esikhathini okungajwayelekile noma ukuphuma kwegazi okuphindaphindiwe kowesifazane oyekile ukuya esikhathini (ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini). Lolu uphawu oludinga ukunakwa kakhulu. |
| Ukuphuma koketshezi olungavamile esithweni sangasese sowesifazane | Uketshezi oluphuma esithweni sangasese sowesifazane olunamanzi noma olunegazi . |
Uma othile emndenini wakho enomlando womdlavuza, noma uma unezinye izici eziyingozi, kungcono ukubona udokotela ngisho noma ubona ushintsho oluncane olufana nalolu.
Yiziphi izimbangela kanye nezici eziyingozi zalo mdlavuza?
Abacwaningi abakayitholi imbangela eqondile yalo mdlavuza. Kodwa siyazi ukuthi cishe u-90% walo mdlavuza uvela kumaseli ezindlala azungeze isitho, "amangqamuzana e-epithelial" esikhulume ngawo ngaphambili. Lawa uhlobo olufanayo lwamaseli akha umdlavuza wesibeletho. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, umdlavuza we-fallopian tube kanye ne-ovarian uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ama-serous tumors aphezulu." Lokhu kusho ukuthi lawa umdlavuza okhula ngokushesha kakhulu .
Izinto ezandisa ingozi
Kunezici eziningana ezandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola lo mdlavuza. Bheka ukuthi unazo yini lezi.
- Ubudala: Abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye abathola umdlavuza we-fallopian tube noma we-ovarian baneminyaka engaphezu kuka-63. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingozi iyanda njengoba iminyaka ikhula.
- Umlando womndeni: Uma omunye wezihlobo zakho zegazi eziseduze (umama, udadewenu, indodakazi) eke waba nomdlavuza webele, umdlavuza wesibeletho, noma umdlavuza we-fallopian tube, ingozi yakho iphakeme.
- Ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo: Izinguquko (ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo) ku-gene ehlobene nomdlavuza webele (i-BRCA) zandisa kakhulu ingozi yalo mdlavuza.
- Ezinye izimo zempilo: Izimo ezizuzwe njenge-Lynch syndrome kanye ne-Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, kanye nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-endometriosis, nazo zingandisa ingozi.
- Umlando wokukhulelwa: Ingozi iphakeme kancane kulabo abangakaze bakhulelwe kanye nalabo abathole ingane yabo yokuqala ngemva kweminyaka engu-35.
- Umlando womjikelezo wokuya esikhathini: Ukuba nesikhathi sakho sokuqala ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-12 kanye nokuya esikhathini ngemva kweminyaka engu-51 nakho kuyizinto eziyingozi.
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile: Inkomba yesisindo somzimba (i-BMI) engaphezu kuka-30, ikakhulukazi uma wawukhuluphele usemncane, ingandisa ingozi yakho.
Odokotela basithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, azikho izimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala, ngakho-ke lesi sifo sivame ukutholakala uma sesisakazeke kancane. Mhlawumbe uthola iqhubu ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-pelvic lapho udokotela wakho enza ukuhlolwa okuvamile.
Ngemva kokusola, udokotela uzoyala ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuze ahlole kabanzi isimo.
1. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi:Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-CA-125 kulinganisa izinga leprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-cancer antigen 125 egazini. Leli zinga lingase likhuphuke kumuntu onomdlavuza we-fallopian tube. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi leli zinga lingakhuphuka nangezinye izizathu ezingezona umdlavuza.
2. Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Ukuskena okufana ne-`(Transvaginal ultrasound)`, `(CT scan)`, `(MRI)` noma `(PET scan)` kungaveza izithombe ezicacile zama-fallopian tubes nama-ovari. Lokhu kungasiza ukubona ukuthi kukhona yini ama-cyst noma amaqhubu.
Kodwa-ke, lezi zivivinyo zodwa azikwazi ukuqinisekisa ngokuphelele ukuthi umdlavuza. Ukuze kutholakale lesi sifo ngokuqiniseka, kufanele kuthathwe isampula yezicubu futhi ihlolwe ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Izindlela ezisetshenziswa kulokhu yilezi:
- Ukuhlinzwa kokuhlola: Inqubo yokuhlinzwa ebheka ngqo izitho zomzimba ukuze ibone ukuthi kukhona yini izicubu ezisolisayo. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha amasampula amashubhu e-fallopian, ama-ovari, nama-lymph node aseduze bese uwathumela elabhorethri ukuze ayohlolwa. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kungenziwa kuvuliwe (i-laparotomy) noma ngokusika okuncane kusetshenziswa ikhamera (i-laparoscopy).
- I-Biopsy: Ingcezu encane yezicubu isuswa esimila esisolisayo kusetshenziswa inaliti bese ihlolwa.
Kunqunywa kanjani ukuthi umdlavuza usakazeka kanjani?
Uma umdlavuza usuqinisekisiwe, into elandelayo ebaluleke kakhulu ukunquma "isigaba" sawo. Kalula nje, ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani (ususakazeke kakhulu). Lokhu kubalulekile ekuhleleni ukwelashwa nokuthola umbono wenkambo yesikhathi esizayo yalesi sifo.
| Isigaba somdlavuza | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Isigaba 1 | Umdlavuza ukhawulelwe kupayipi elilodwa noma womabili ama-fallopian. |
| Isigaba sesi-2 | Umdlavuza ususakazekele kwezinye izicubu eziseduze ne-pelvis ngaphezu kwamapayipi e-fallopian. |
| Isigaba 3 | Umdlavuza ususakazeke ngaphandle kwe-pelvis, kuma-lymph node, noma kwezinye izitho eziseduze. |
| Isigaba 4 | Umdlavuza ususakazekele ezithweni ezikude, njengesibindi, amaphaphu, noma ubuchopho. |
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Ukwelashwa okutholayo kuzoncika ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa isigaba somdlavuza kanye nempilo yakho iyonke. Udokotela wakho uzokwakha uhlelo lokwelashwa olukulungele kangcono.
- Ukuhlinzwa: Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukuba ukwelashwa kokuqala. Lokhu kuhilela ukususa isibeletho (hysterectomy), kokubili amashubhu e-fallopian (salpingectomy), kanye nama-ovari womabili (oophorectomy). Kuye ngokuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani, ezinye izicubu eziseduze nazo zingadinga ukususwa. Kwabanye besifazane abasebasha, ababelethayo, uma umdlavuza utholakala kusenesikhathi, kususwa isimila somdlavuza kuphela, kugcinwe izitho zokuzala.
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Lezi yimithi enamandla enikezwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kwelashwa kunikezwa ukunciphisa isimila ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, noma ukubulala noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza angase asale ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
- Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe: Lena indlela yokwelapha entsha kakhulu. Isebenzisa imithi eqondisa ama-molecule athile abalulekile ekukhuleni kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza, ngaphandle kokulimaza amangqamuzana anempilo njenge-chemotherapy ejwayelekile. Le ndlela yokwelapha ingaphumelela kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kubantu abane-gene mutation `(BRCA)`.
- Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy: Lokhu kuhilela ukuvuselela amasosha omzimba wethu, okusinika amandla okulwa namaseli omdlavuza.
- Ukunakekelwa kokunciphisa ubuhlungu: Lokhu kuyiphutha elivamile. Ukunakekelwa kokunciphisa ubuhlungu akukhona nje kuphela kulabo abanesifo esingelapheki. Kumayelana nokulawula imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa komdlavuza, njengobuhlungu kanye nesicanucanu, nokusiza ukugcina impilo isezingeni elihle. Lokhu kunakekelwa kunganikezwa kunoma yisiphi isigaba somdlavuza.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokwelashwa?
Ngemva kokwelashwa, cishe ama-80% eziguli aya "ekukhululweni kwesifo" (remission), isimo lapho kungekho zimpawu zomdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, kunengozi yokuthi umdlavuza "uphinde uvele".
- Umdlavuza otholakale usesesigabeni sokuqala unezinga lokuphindeka kabusha elingaba ngu-25%.
- Umdlavuza osakazekayo, osesigabeni esithuthukile ungaphinde uvele ezimweni ezifika ku-80%.
Ngakho-ke, ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ngesikhathi esibekiwe bese kwenziwa izivivinyo.Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni emihlanu yokuqala.
Amanani Okusinda
Ungakhathazeki ngalezi zibalo. Lezi zimane ziyizilinganiso ezisekelwe kudatha evela ezinkulungwaneni zeziguli. Isimo sakho singase sihluke kakhulu, singcono kakhulu. Lokhu kumane nje ukuqonda ubucayi besifo.
- Uma umdlavuza ukhawulelwe kuma-fallopian tubes (endaweni): Izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu lingu-94%.
- Uma isakazekele ezithweni eziseduze (Ezifundeni): izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emi-5 lingu-53%.
- Uma isakazekele ezithweni ezikude (Okukude): izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emi-5 lingu-44%.
Ingabe zikhona izindlela zokuzivikela kulo mdlavuza?
Nakuba kungenakuvinjelwa ngokuphelele, kunezinto eziningana esingazenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi.
Uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba nomdlavuza webele, wesibeletho, noma we-fallopian tube, ungase uthande ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa kofuzo lwe-BRCA gene. Uma kutholakala ukuthi une-mutation, ungase uthande ukuxoxa nodokotela wakho ngamathuba okuba ne-prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy (ukususwa kwama-ovari nama-fallopian tubes) njengendlela yokuvimbela ngemuva kokuba nezingane. Lokhu kunganciphisa ingozi yakho yomdlavuza cishe ngo-96%.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinto zingasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi:
- Ukudla ukudla okunempilo nokuhlala umatasa.
- Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo esikufanele.
- Yeka noma yehlisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala nokubhema.
- Uma kungenzeka, ncelisa izingane zakho.
- Ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo zamahomoni, njengamaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo (kodwa uma une-BRCA gene mutation, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi lokhu kulungile yini kuwe).
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umdlavuza we-Fallopian tube yisifo esisakazeka ngokushesha esingabonakali zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Ngakho-ke, kumelwe sihlale siqaphela imizimba yethu.
- Uma uqhubeka nokuzwa izimpawu ezibonakala zijwayelekile, njengobuhlungu besisu esingezansi, ukuqunjelwa, nokulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla, ungazinaki.
- Qaphela umlando womndeni wakho womdlavuza. Kungakusiza uqonde ingozi yakho.
- Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kungawelapha ngokuphelele lo mdlavuza. Ngakho-ke uma unemibuzo, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
- Ungesabi lesi sifo. Ngolwazi olufanele kanye nokwelashwa okufanele, ungabhekana nale nselele.
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