Ingabe udokotela wakho ukutshelile noma othile emndenini wakho ukuthi 'uhlolwe i-FISH'? Ingabe uzizwe wesaba kancane noma wesaba lapho uzwa lelo gama? Ingabe ucabange ukuthi, "Luhlobo luni lokuhlolwa olungavamile lolu?"? Kujwayelekile kakhulu ukuzizwa ngaleyo ndlela. Kodwa asikho isizathu sokukhathazeka. Akuyona into eyinkimbinkimbi njengoba ucabanga, futhi akuyona into okufanele uyesabe. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-FISH kuyini, ukuthi kubheka ini, nokuthi kwenziwa kanjani, kalula, ngolimi lwethu.
Okokuqala, kuyini lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-FISH?
Kalula nje, i-FISH iwukuhlolwa kwelebhu okukhethekile okubheka izinguquko noma amaphutha kuzakhi zofuzo nama-chromosome ngaphakathi kwamaseli omzimba wethu. Kufana nokuhlola imephu yezakhi zofuzo zomzimba wethu.
Ukuze sikuqonde kangcono lokhu, ake sicabange ngemizimba yethu njengomtapo wolwazi omkhulu.
- Ama-Chromosomu: Ama-Chromosomu afana namashelufu ezincwadi kulowo mtapo wolwazi. Iseli ngalinye lomuntu linamashelufu ezincwadi angu-23.
- Izakhi Zofuzo: Lezo zincwadi ezisemashalofini ziyizakhi zofuzo. Lezi zincwadi ziqukethe yonke imiyalelo edingwa yimizimba yethu ukuze isebenze. Akuyona nje umbala wezinwele zethu, umbala wamehlo, ukuphakama, kodwa yonke imisebenzi emzimbeni wethu ilawulwa ulwazi olukulezi zincwadi ezibizwa ngokuthi izakhi zofuzo.
- I-DNA: Izinhlamvu namagama abhalwe kulezi zincwadi yi-DNA. Okusho ukuthi, isethi ephelele yemiyalelo edingwa yimizimba yethu iqukethwe ku-DNA.
Manje cabanga ukuthi ezinye zezincwadi (izakhi zofuzo) kulo mtapo wolwazi zinamakhasi angekho (ukususwa), ezinye zenezelwe (ukukhulisa), noma incwadi okufanele ibe seshalofini elilodwa ithuthelwe kwelinye ishalofu (ukudluliselwa). Bekungenzekani uma lokho kwenzeka? Imiyalelo umzimba oyitholayo ibingaba yiphutha. Kungenxa yemiyalelo engalungile kangaka ukuthi izifo ezifana nomdlavuza nezinye izifo zofuzo zivele.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-FISH kufana "nomphenyi omkhulu" osebenzisa ukukhanya okunemibala ukuthola ukuthi kuphi nokuthi yini eshintshile kukhodi yezakhi zofuzo.
Lolu vivinyo lwe-FISH lusebenza kanjani?
Nakuba indlela yokwenza izinto ingokwesayensi kancane, ngizokuchazela yona ngesibonelo esilula kakhulu.
Cabanga ukuthi udinga ukuthola umusho othize encwadini enkulu. Wenzani? Uthola lowo musho bese uwumaka nge-highlighter enemibala. Bese kuba lula ukuwuthola futhi.
Yilokhu okwenzekayo ekuhlolweni kwe-FISH. Elabhorethri, ososayensi benza izingcezu ze-DNA ezihambisana nengxenye ethile yesakhi sofuzo abafuna ukusibheka kusampula yeseli lakho. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi 'ama-probes.' Bese, banamathisela amalebula e-fluorescent kulezi zingcezu ze-DNA ezenziwe. Lezi zifana namapeni e-highlighter.
Okulandelayo, bathatha isampula yamaseli akho (njengegazi noma izicubu) bese befaka lawa 'ma-probe' anombala abhalwe kuwo. Bese kwenzeka into emangalisayo. 'I-probe' ithola indawo eqondile yesakhi sofuzo esifanelana nayo bese ixubaniswa nayo.
Bese kuthi, lapho isazi sezifo siyibheka ngesibonakhulu esikhethekile (isibonakhulu esikhanyayo), 'ama-probe' anamathele kuleyo ngxenye yezakhi zofuzo akhanya njengezibani ezinemibala, njengezinkanyezi ezikhanya ebumnyameni.
- Eseli elijwayelekile: Inani elilindelekile lokukhanya kombala liyabonakala ezindaweni ezifanele.
- Eseli elingavamile: Ungase ubone imibala eminingi kunalokho obekulindelwe (ukukhulisa), noma ungase ungawuboni umbala ofuna ukuwubona (ukususa), noma ungase ubone imibala emibili okufanele ibe ndawonye kodwa eqhelelene kakhulu (ukudluliselwa).
Kungokubheka leso sibonelo sokukhanya okukhanyayo lapho odokotela bengakutshela khona ngqo ukuthi yiziphi izinguquko ezikhona ezizakhini zakho zofuzo.
Yiziphi izinto eziyinhloko ezibhekwa yi-FISH test?
Ukuhlolwa kwe-FISH kwenziwa kakhulu ngezizathu eziningana. Ake sibheke izinguquko zofuzo ezingazibona kanye nezifo ezihambisana nazo.
| Ukwehlukahluka kofuzo okubonakalayo | Umqondo nje |
|---|---|
| Ukukhulisa | Ukuba namakhophi amaningi esakhi sofuzo kunokulindelekile. Njengokukopisha nokunamathisela ikhasi elifanayo lencwadi izikhathi eziningi. Uma ubuka ngesibonakhulu, ubona ukukhanya okuningi kombala owodwa. |
| Ukuthutha | Ingxenye yesakhi sofuzo okufanele sibe ku-chromosome eyodwa iyaqhekeka bese ijoyina enye i-chromosome. Kufana nokukhipha isahluko encwadini eyodwa bese usinamathisela kwenye. Esikhundleni sokuba izibani ezimbili ezinemibala zibe eduze komunye nomunye, zibonakala ziqhelelene kakhulu. |
| Ukususwa | Ukususwa noma ukunyamalala ngokuphelele kwengxenye yesakhi sofuzo ku-chromosome. Kufana nokuklebhula ikhasi encwadini. Uma kubukwa nge-microscope, ukukhanya okunombala akusabonakali lapho kufanele kube khona. |
Yiziphi izifo ezingabonakala ngalezi zinguquko?
Ukuhlolwa kwe-FISH kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongeni izifo ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza, kanye nokuhlela ukwelashwa.
- Izinhlobo zomdlavuza:
- Umdlavuza Webele: Ngokukhethekile, funa ukukhuliswa kwezakhi zofuzo (i-HER2). Uma kukhona ukukhuliswa okunjalo, kunganikezwa ukwelashwa okuqondile okuqondiswe ngqo kulelo zakhi zofuzo.
- I-Leukemia: Thola izinhlobo ze-leukemia ebukhali nengamahlalakhona.
- I-Lymphoma
- Umdlavuza womnkantsha wamathambo (i-Multiple Myeloma)
- Umdlavuza wamaphaphu, wesisu, kanye nowesinye
- Izimo zofuzo zangaphambi kokubeletha kanye nangemuva kokubeletha: Hlola ingane ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuzalwa ukuze ubone ukuthi ayinazo yini izinkinga ze-chromosome, njenge-Down syndrome.
- Ukukhulelwa kwe-in vitro (IVF): Le ndlela isetshenziselwa futhi ukuhlola ama-embryo ukuze athole ukukhubazeka kwe-chromosome ngaphambi kokuba adluliselwe ngokukhulelwa kwe-in vitro (IVF).
Ngingalungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kwe-FISH?
Indlela ozilungiselela ngayo lolu vivinyo incike kusampula osithathayo. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamasampula ongazithatha kulokhu.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho ninesifo sofuzo, lokhu kuhlolwa kungenziwa ngokuthatha igazi elincane njengokujwayelekile. Lokhu akudingi ukulungiswa okukhethekile.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwangaphambi Kokubeletha: Uma izakhi zofuzo zomntwana zihlolwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, udokotela uzokwenza ukuhlolwa okubizwa ngokuthi ``amniocentesis,'' okuhilela ukuthatha inani elincane loketshezi lwe-amniotic esibelethweni sikamama.
- I-Biopsy: Uma kusolwa ukuthi umdlavuza ukhona, kuthathwa ingxenye encane yezicubu esigaxeni noma emnkantsheni ukuze ihlolwe (i-bone marrow biopsy). Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo yokuthi ungayilungiselela kanjani, njengoba kudingeka i-anesthesia.
- Ukuhlolwa Komchamo: Isampula yomchamo ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziselwa ukuxilonga noma ukuqapha umdlavuza wesinyi.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma ngokucacile nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi hlobo luni lwesampula oluzothathwa kuwe nokuthi ungalulungiselela kanjani.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokuthola umbiko wokuhlolwa?
Ngokuvamile kungathatha phakathi kwesonto elilodwa kuya kwamane ukuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-FISH. Udokotela wakho uzokwazisa ngalesi sikhathi kusenesikhathi.
Umphumela uba 'muhle'.Uma ithi, kusho ukuthi kukhona ukungalingani kwezakhi zofuzo noma kwe-chromosome kusampula yeseli lakho.
Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ukhathazekile uma ubona umphumela onjengalona. Kodwa khumbula, lo mphumela uyithuba lokuqonda kahle isimo sakho. Futhi, ngokusekelwe kulolu lwazi, udokotela wakho uzokwazi ukunquma ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu nokuqondiswe kuwe.
Isibonelo, uma lokhu kuhlolwa kuthola ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kumdlavuza, ukwelashwa okuqondisiwe kunganikezwa ukuze kuqondiswe kulolo guquko, okuholela emiphumeleni emibi embalwa kanye nemiphumela ephumelelayo kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, esikhundleni sokukhathazeka ngemiphumela nokukhathazeka wedwa, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokucophelela futhi uqonde ngokucacile ukuthi kusho ukuthini nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okudingeka uzithathe ngokulandelayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-FISH kuwukuhlolwa okukhethekile okubheka izinguquko ezakhiweni zakho zofuzo nama-chromosome. Akunasidingo sokwesaba lokhu.
- Lokhu kufana nokumaka ulwazi olubalulekile ku-DNA yakho nge-highlighter enemibala.
- Lokhu kuhlolwa kuyasiza kakhulu ekuxilongeni umdlavuza nezinye izimo zofuzo, kanye nokuhlela ukwelashwa.
- Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi ungalungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa nokuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola imiphumela.
- Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imiphumela yokuhlolwa ithini, khuluma ngokukhululekile nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka onakho nodokotela wakho. Ngolwazi olufanele kanye nesiqondiso, ungabhekana nanoma yisiphi isimo.
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