Wake waphawula ukuthi othile emndenini wakho, mhlawumbe umama wakho, ubaba, noma umlingani wakho, ushintshe ngokuzumayo? Kungenzeka ukuthi baziphatha ngenkani kunangaphambili, bekhuluma kabi, noma belahlekelwa isithakazelo ezintweni... Nakuba abantu abaningi becabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyinto evamile yokuguga, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba uphawu lwesimo esibucayi kakhulu. Namuhla sikhuluma ngesinye isimo esinjalo, okuyi-Frontotemporal Dementia.
Kuyini i-Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)?
Kalula nje, lesi yisifo esithinta ubuchopho bethu. Cabanga ngobuchopho bethu njengesikhungo esikhulu sokulawula. Yizingxenye ezahlukahlukene zalo ezilawula konke kusukela ekuziphatheni kwethu, enkulumweni nasekuhleleni kwethu.
Ku-FTD, ama-lobe amabili angaphambili obuchopho alimele kakhulu.
1. Ama-lobe angaphambili: Lawa atholakala ngemuva kwebunzi. Afana ne-CEO yegumbi lethu lokulawula. Alawula ubuntu bethu, ukwenza izinqumo, ukulawula imizwa, kanye nendlela esiziphatha ngayo emphakathini.
2. Ama-temporal lobes: Lawa atholakala kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zezindlebe. Lawa afana nolimi lwethu nezindawo zenkumbulo. Le ngxenye isisiza ukuqonda amagama, ukukhuluma, nokukhumbula izinto.
Ku-FTD, amangqamuzana ezinzwa (ama-neurons) kulezi zindawo ezimbili ayalimala futhi kancane kancane ayafa. Njengoba amangqamuzana ezinzwa efa, lezo zindawo zobuchopho ziyancipha, njengebhaluni elinciphayo. Ngenxa yalokho, imisebenzi elawulwa yilezo zindawo ilahleka kancane kancane. Lesi yisifo esiqhubekayo esiba sibi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-FTD?
I-FTD ayithinti wonke umuntu ngendlela efanayo. Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi iyiphi ingxenye yobuchopho eyonakele. Ngakho-ke, kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko.
| Uhlobo | Izici eziyinhloko ezibonakalayo |
|---|---|
| Uhlobo lokuziphatha (bvFTD) | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Ubuntu nokuziphatha kuyashintsha ngokuphelele. Benza futhi basho izinto ezingamukeleki emphakathini. Abaqondi ukuthi lokho abakwenzayo akulungile. Balahlekelwa uzwela lwabo. |
| Izinkinga zokukhuluma (i-Primary Progressive Aphasia - i-PPA) | Inkinga enkulu lapha ihlobene nolimi. Uma kukhulunywa, kuba nzima ukuthola amagama, amagama ayaxubana, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuqonda okushiwoyo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikhono lokufunda nokubhala nalo liyalahleka. |
| Izinhlobo ezibangela ubunzima ekunyakazeni | Lokhu kufaka phakathi izimo ezifana nokuwohloka kwe-Corticobasal kanye ne-Progressive supranuclear palsy. Izinkinga zokunyakaza komzimba ziyenzeka. Isibonelo, ubunzima bokusebenzisa uhlangothi olulodwa lomzimba, ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi lapho uhamba, kanye nobunzima bokuhambisa amehlo. |
| I-FTD nezinye izifo ndawonye (njenge-FTD-ALS) | Ngezinye izikhathi i-FTD ingenzeka kanye nezinye izifo zezinzwa, njenge-ALS, ezenza imisipha ibe buthaka. Kulokhu, izinguquko ekuziphatheni nasekukhulumeni, kanye nobuthakathaka bemisipha ngokushesha, nazo ziyabonakala. |
Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile ze-FTD?
Nakuba izimpawu zihluka kuye ngesiguli, kunezimpawu ezithile ezivamile ezingakusiza ukuthi uthole umbono wesimo.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukulahlekelwa yisithakazelo (Ukunganaki) | Balahlekelwa yisithakazelo kanye nogqozi lokwenza noma yini. Bayahoxa emphakathini futhi abacabangi ngisho nangokuhlanzeka kwabo. |
| Ukuziphatha okungafanele emphakathini | Uma bekhuluma, akukho 'isihlungi'. Basho noma yini efika engqondweni, ngaphandle kokucabanga ukuthi izolimaza yini imizwa yabanye. Bangase balingeke ukwenza izinto eziyingozi. |
| Ukulahlekelwa uzwela | Bangakwazi ukuqonda imizwa yabanye abantu, njengokudabuka noma injabulo. Bangase benze sengathi abananhliziyo. |
| Izinguquko emikhubeni yokudla | Ukudla ukudla okuningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, ikakhulukazi amaswidi. Abanye abantu bayalingeka ukuba badle izinto okungafanele bazidle (isib. uthuli, iphepha). Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Pica ngokwezokwelapha. |
| Ukuphinda into efanayo | Ukuphinda igama noma umusho ofanayo ngokuphindaphindiwe. Noma ukwenza isenzo esifanayo (isib. ukushaya izandla). |
| Ubunzima bokuhlela | Kuba nzima ukuhlela umsebenzi, ukuxazulula izinkinga, nokwenza izinqumo. |
Into ebalulekile ukuthi lezi zimpawu azibonakali kahle ekuqaleni, kodwa kancane kancane ziba zimbi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kungani i-FTD ikhula? Ubani osengozini?
Abacwaningi abakaqiniseki ukuthi yini ngempela ebangela i-FTD, kodwa kucatshangelwa izici ezimbili eziyinhloko.
- Amaphrotheni afakwa: Kukholelwa ukuthi amaprotheni angajwayelekile aqoqana ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa ebuchosheni, alimaza amangqamuzana futhi abangele ukuba afe.
- Ithonya lezakhi zofuzo: Cishe ingxenye yesithathu yabantu abane-FTD banomlando womndeni walesi simo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba nalesi simo, nawe usengozini yokuba naso. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yoshintsho ezakhini zakho zofuzo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuthi ukulimala okukhulu ekhanda kwangaphambilini (ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu) nakho kungaba yisici esiyingozi.
Udokotela uyixilonga kanjani i-FTD?
Ukuxilonga i-FTD kungaba yinselele, njengoba izimpawu zingafana nezezinye izifo zengqondo (njengokucindezeleka) noma i-Alzheimer's.
Ngakho-ke, udokotela uzokubuza wena nesiguli umbuzo oningiliziwe mayelana nezimpawu zenu. Ngemva kwalokho, bangenza izivivinyo ezithile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi azikho ezinye izimo zezokwelapha.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola ezinye izimo zezokwelapha.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe zobuchopho: Ukuhlolwa okufana ne-MRI, i-CT scan , noma i-PET scan kungenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuthi ama-lobe angaphambili obuchopho anciphile yini.
- Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo: Unikezwa imibuzo eminingana nemisebenzi elinganisa izinto ezifana nenkumbulo, ukunaka, kanye nekhono lokuxazulula izinkinga.
- Ukuhlolwa kofuzo: Kungenziwa uma kudingeka kuye ngomlando womndeni.
Ngemva kokubuka konke lokhu, udokotela ufinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi yi-FTD.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-FTD?
Into edabukisayo ukuthi alikho ikhambi le-FTD okwamanje. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu futhi zilondoloze izinga lempilo yesiguli isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Imithi: Imithi efana ne- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) ingase inikezwe ukulawula izinkinga zokuziphatha (intukuthelo, ukushesha). Eminye imithi ingase inikezwe nezinkinga zengqondo.
- Ukwelashwa kokwelapha:
- Ukwelapha ngenkulumo: Uma unenkinga yokukhuluma, lokhu kungakusiza ukuthi uzijwayeze ezinye izindlela zokuxhumana.
- Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba: Uma kunezinkinga zokuhamba, kunconywa ukuvivinya umzimba ukuze kulondolozwe ibhalansi namandla emzimbeni.
- Amadivayisi okusiza: Uma unenkinga yokuhamba, ungasebenzisa izinto ezifana ne-walker noma isihlalo sabakhubazekile.
Zonke lezi zindlela zokwelapha zinqunywa ngokusekelwe esimweni sesiguli kanye nezimpawu zaso. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho bese ulandela imiyalelo yakhe ngqo .
Yini ongayilindela uma uhlala ne-FTD?
Lolu uhambo oluyinselele kakhulu kokubili isiguli kanye nomndeni osinakekelayo. Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, isiguli singase singakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke sodwa. Ngakho-ke, kungase kudingeke ukunakekelwa kwesikhathi esigcwele.
Uma utholakale unalesi sifo ekuqaleni, kukhona into ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza. Lokho ukwenza izinqumo ngekusasa lakho, uxoxe ngazo nabathandekayo bakho, futhi ulungiselele amadokhumenti asemthethweni.
Kunzima ukuba nengxoxo enjalo. Kodwa kungavimbela umndeni ukuthi ukhathazeke ngokuthi "ubezofunani?" ngemuva kokuba lesi sifo sesifinyelele ezingeni lapho engakwazi khona ukwenza izinqumo.
Nakuba isilinganiso sobude bokuphila ngemva kokuxilongwa kwe-FTD singaba yiminyaka engu-7-13, lezi zibalo azisebenzi kuwo wonke umuntu. Lokhu kungahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu. Umuntu ongcono kakhulu ukwazi kahle ukuthi umuntu omthandayo usesimweni esinjani ngudokotela wakhe.
Ukufa okuqondile ngenxa ye-FTD akuvamile, kodwa izinkinga ezifana ne-pneumonia ezibangelwa ubunzima bokugwinya zingaba yingozi empilweni.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) yisifo esithinta kakhulu ukuziphatha, ubuntu, kanye nolimi , kunokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo.
- Lesi yisimo esiba sibi kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Nakuba kungekho ukwelashwa okuphelele, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezingaphatha izimpawu futhi zinikeze isiguli impumuzo.
- Uma ubona ushintsho olungachazeki noluqhubekayo ekuziphatheni noma enkulumweni yothile emndenini wakho, xhumana nodokotela ngokushesha ukuze uthole iseluleko.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxilonga lesi sifo kusenesikhathi, ukuhlela ikusasa, nokuthola ukwesekwa okudingekayo kwesiguli nomndeni.
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