Wake wawabona amagundane ngenkathi ehlanza igumbi lokugcina impahla noma i-attic ekhaya lakho? Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wabona amaconsi amagundane nomchamo omile futhi uxubene nothuli. Nakuba sivame ukucabanga ngalokhu njengezinto ezivamile, namuhla sikhuluma ngesifo esiyingozi kakhulu, ngisho nesisongela ukuphila esingadluliselwa kithi sisuka kula magundane. Lesi yi-Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, noma i-HPS ngamafuphi.
Iyini ngempela i-Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)?
Kalula nje, i-HPS iyisifo esingavamile kakhulu, kodwa esibi kakhulu esibangelwa igciwane elibizwa ngokuthi i-Hantavirus. Uma leli gciwane lingena emizimbeni yethu, liqala ukulimaza amaphaphu ethu, inhliziyo, nezinye izitho zomzimba.
Into eyingozi kakhulu ngalesi sifo ukuthi sikhula ngokushesha okukhulu . Futhi, uma singelashwa, kunethuba elikhulu lokufa. Ngezinye izikhathi lesi sifo sibizwa nangokuthi i-Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome (HCPS). Isizathu salokhu ukuthi sithinta kokubili inhliziyo (Cardio) namaphaphu (Pulmonary) ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Sithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Lokhu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Lesi sifo sisakazwa amagundane athelelekile. Kodwa akusho ukuthi uzotheleleka ngokuthinta igundane kuphela. Sisakazwa kakhulu kanje:
Ake uzicabange uhlanza igumbi lokugcina izinto elidala, uphahla, noma indlu endala ehlathini. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, umchamo wamagundane owomile, indle , namathe kungase kuhlanganiswe nothuli. Uma ushanela indawo, lezi zinhlayiya zothuli ziyanezelwa emoyeni. Uma uphefumula lezi zinhlayiya zothuli ezincane eziqukethe igciwane , igciwane lingangena emaphashini akho ngqo. Lena yindlela eyinhloko esidluliselwa ngayo lesi sifo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingadluliselwa ngezindlela eziningana:
- Uma igundane elinegciwane likuluma .
- Uma uthinta indawo engcoliswe umchamo noma indle yamagundane bese uthinta ikhala lakho, umlomo, noma amehlo akho ngesandla esifanayo.
- Uma ukudla noma amanzi angcoliswe umchamo noma indle yamagundane kugwinywe ngephutha.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lesi sifo asivamile ukudluliselwa sisuka komunye umuntu siye komunye. Kuyinto engavamile kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, asikho isidingo sokwesaba ukuba seduze nomuntu ogulayo.
Kwenzekani uma igciwane lingena emzimbeni?
Uma i-hantavirus ingena emzimbeni, iqala ukwanda buthule, okungukuthi, ukukhula. Kungemva kwesikhashana kuphela lapho iqala khona ukuhlasela izitho zethu zomzimba.
1. Kwenzekani emaphashini:Igciwane liqala ngokulimaza imithambo yegazi emincane emaphashini ethu. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi leyo mithambo yegazi 'ivuze', okusho ukuthi ivuza uketshezi. Lolu ketshezi luqoqana ngqo ngaphakathi kwezikhwama zomoya (izakhiwo ezincane ezifana namabhaluni ezigcwala umoya lapho siphefumula) emaphashini. Kufana nokuminza. Kunzima ukuphefumula, futhi umzimba awutholi umoya-mpilo owudingayo.
2. Kwenzekani enhliziyweni: Leli gciwane lilimaza nemisipha yenhliziyo. Imithambo yegazi enhliziyweni nayo iyabuthaka bese iqala ukuvuza. Ngemuva kwalokho inhliziyo ayikwazi ukupompa igazi elinomoya-mpilo kahle liye emzimbeni wonke. Lapho lesi simo siba sibi kakhulu, umzimba uba sengozini . Okusho ukuthi, izitho zomzimba azitholi igazi elanele futhi ziqala ukwehluleka ngasinye ngasinye. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu.
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo?
Izimpawu zalesi sifo zivela ngezigaba eziningana.
Isigaba sokuqala (phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-2-8)
Izimpawu zokuqala zifana kakhulu nezezifo ezifana nomkhuhlane ovamile kanye nomkhuhlane we-dengue, yingakho abantu abaningi bengacabangi ukuthi kuyinto engathi sína.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu: Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinjengalezi phakathi kwesonto eli-1 neli-8 ngemuva kokuchitha isikhathi endaweni lapho kukhona khona amagundane (isib., ukususa indlu endala, ukukhempa ehlathini), kufanele nakanjani ube nokungabaza.
Ithebula elingezansi libonisa izimpawu ezingabonakala kulesi sigaba sokuqala.
| Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo se-HPS | |
|---|---|
| Umkhuhlane ophezulu | Umkhuhlane ongaphezu kwama-38.3 Celsius (101 Fahrenheit). |
| Ukuzizwa ubanda futhi uthuthumela | Umkhuhlane omkhulu ohambisana nomkhuhlane. |
| Ubuhlungu bemisipha | Ubuhlungu obukhulu, ikakhulukazi emathangeni, ezinqeni nasemhlane. |
| Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu | Ikhanda elibuhlungu elingabekezeleleki. |
| Ukuphazamiseka kwesisu, isicanucanu, nokuhlanza | Ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu, nokuhlanza. |
| Ukukhathala | Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu futhi ukhathele. |
Isigaba esiphuthumayo (ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-4-10)
Phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-4 neziyi-10 ngemva kokuqala kwezimpawu zokuqala, lesi sifo singaba sibi kakhulu. Lesi yisigaba lapho siba yingozi khona empilweni.
Izici eziyinhloko zalesi sigaba yilezi:
- Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula: Uketshezi lugcwalisa amaphaphu, okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula.
- Ukukhwehlela: Kungase kuqale njengokukhwehlela okomile bese kuba ukukhwehlela okune-mucus.
- Ukuqina kwesifuba: Umuzwa sengathi isifuba sicindezelwa ngebhande lensimbi.
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo.
- Ukopha kungase kwenzeke nangaphakathi emzimbeni .
Uma kuvela lezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukuya e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha .
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Uma uya kudokotela, uzokubuza imibuzo embalwa, ikakhulukazi mayelana nezimpawu zakho nokuthi ngabe usanda kuba sendaweni lapho amagundane evame khona. Isibonelo:
- Uke wahlangana namagundane noma indle yawo muva nje?
- Uke wahlanza indlu endala noma indawo efana nendawo yokugcina impahla?
- Ingabe uke wahlanganyela entweni efana nokukhempa ehlathini?
- Ingabe kukhona amagundane endaweni ohlala kuyo noma osebenza kuyo?
Lolu lwazi lubaluleke kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo zifana nezifo ezifana ne-dengue kanye ne-influenza, udokotela angasola i-HPS ngokusekelwe kulolu lwazi olunikezayo.
Ngemuva kwalokho, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuqinisekisa lesi sifo. Lokhu kuhlolwa kubheka ama-antibodies akhiqizwa ngumzimba ngokumelene ne-hantavirus. Futhi, ukubheka izinguquko enanini lamaseli amhlophe egazi nama-platelet egazini kunganikeza umbono walesi sifo.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Akukho muthi othize we-HPS othi, "Thatha lo muthi bese lesi sifo sizophulukiswa." Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukunikeza ukusekelwa emzimbeni wesiguli, noma 'ukunakekelwa okusekelayo'. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukunikeza umzimba wesiguli amandla nesikhathi esisidingayo ukulwa negciwane futhi unqobe.
- Iziguli zivame ukwelashwa egunjini lokunakekelwa okujulile (ICU) .
- Uma kunobunzima bokuphefumula , kunikezwa ukwelashwa komoya-mpilo .
- Uma isimo sibi kakhulu, zizoxhunywa emshinini wokuphefumula (umoya womshini) .
- Ukufakwa koketshezi kanye nemithi kunikezwa ngemithambo ukuze kulawulwe amazinga oketshezi emzimbeni kanye nomfutho wegazi.
- Kwezinye izimo, kunikezwa umuthi wokulwa namagciwane i-Ribavirin .
- Uma izinso zihluleka ukusebenza, i-dialysis ingadingeka.
- Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ungase uxhunywe emshinini okhethekile obizwa ngokuthi i-ECMO (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation) ukuze unike inhliziyo namaphaphu ukuphumula.
Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokusindisa impilo kulesi sifo. Ngakho-ke uma unokungabaza ngezimpawu, ungachithi isikhathi bese ubona udokotela.
Singazivikela kanjani kulesi sifo?
Akukho muthi wokugomela lesi sifo. Ngakho-ke, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuvimbela lesi sifo ngaphambi kokuba sivele. Lokho kusho ukuhlala kude namagundane kanye nendle yawo.
Ake sibone ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze nokuthi yini okungafanele uyenze kuthebula elingezansi.
| Okufanele ukwenze | Okungafanele ukwenze |
|---|---|
| Qiniseka ukuthi ugqoka amagilavu kanye nemaski uma uhlanza izindawo lapho kuhlala khona amagundane. | Ungashaneli indle noma umchamo owomile wegundane ngomshanelo. Ukwenza kanjalo kuzofaka uthuli oluqukethe amagciwane emoyeni. |
| Ngaphambi kokuhlanza, faka umoya kahle endaweni. Vula amafasitela neminyango cishe imizuzu engama-30. | Ungafaki imfucumfucu eyomile nge-vacuum. Lokhu kungasakaza igciwane emoyeni. |
| Futha isibulala-magciwane ezindaweni lapho kukhona khona indle yamagundane nomchamo.Shiya imizuzu emi-5-10, bese usula ngamathawula ephepha bese ususa iphepha ngokuphephile. | Ungashiyi ukudla ngaphandle ekhaya noma ezindaweni zokukhempa. Kungadonsela amagundane. |
| Vala imigodi nezikhala lapho amagundane angangena khona endlini. | Ungagcini amagundane asendle njengezilwane ezifuywayo noma udlale nawo. |
| Gcina ikhaya lakho nendawo ezungezile ihlanzekile. Sebenzisa izicupho zamagundane uma udinga ukulawula amagundane. |
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) iyisifo esiyingozi kakhulu futhi esisakazeka ngokushesha esidluliselwa ngokuhogela indle yamagundane.
- Izimpawu zokuqala (umkhuhlane, izinhlungu zomzimba, ikhanda elibuhlungu) zifana nomkhuhlane ovamile, ngakho-ke qaphela kakhulu uma uke waba sendaweni lapho kukhona khona amagundane.
- Uma uba nezimpawu ezinzima njengobunzima bokuphefumula noma ubuhlungu besifuba, hamba esibhedlela ngokushesha . Isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu.
- Ukuvimbela kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela lesi sifo. Qiniseka ukuthi ugqoka imaski namagilavu uma uhlanza izindawo lapho kuhlala khona amagundane. Ungashaneli imfucuza eyomile, hlanza ngesibulali-magciwane.
- Uma unokungabaza ngalokhu, khuluma nodokotela womndeni wakho bese ucela iseluleko.
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