Ake sixoxe nge-Heart Block ngamagama alula!

Inhliziyo yethu ifana nomshini omuhle kakhulu osebenza ngesigqi esithile, akunjalo? Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lesi sigqi siyaphela amandla. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ukuthi inhliziyo yakho ishaya kancane, ngokuzumayo yeqa ukushaya, noma isifuba sakho sizizwa siqinile. Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zalokhu yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-Heart Block'. Ungesabi uma uzwa leli gama. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngalokhu, okungukuthi, ukuvaleka kwezimpawu zikagesi zenhliziyo, ngendlela elula kakhulu ongayiqonda.

Kalula nje, kuyini i-Heart Block?

Ukuze siqonde lokhu, ake siqale sibheke ukuthi inhliziyo yethu isebenza kanjani. Cabanga ngenhliziyo yakho ifana nendlu enamakamelo amane. Kunamakamelo amabili esitezi esiphezulu (esikubiza ngokuthi i-Atria) namakamelo amabili esitezi esingezansi (okuyi-Ventricles). Ukuze inhliziyo ishaye, isignali kagesi kumele isuke esitezi esiphezulu iye esitezi esingezansi.

Njengoba lesi siginali sikagesi sihamba sisuka phezulu siye emakamelweni aphansi, sidlula endaweni encane yokuhlangana (ebizwa ngokuthi i-AV node kwisayensi yezokwelapha) phakathi kwalezi ezimbili. Ukuvinjwa kwenhliziyo kusho ukuthi kukhona ukuvinjelwa, ukubambezeleka, noma ukumiswa okuphelele kwesiginali sikagesi njengoba sihamba kule ndawo yokuhlangana.

Kwenzekani uma lesi siginali kagesi singadluli kahle? Ngenxa yokuthi amakamelo enhliziyo (amaseli) awasitholi isiginali ngesikhathi esifanele, inhliziyo ishaya kancane noma yeqe ukushaya okuthile . Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, inhliziyo ingase ingakwazi ukupompa igazi elanele emzimbeni. Lokhu kunganciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi emzimbeni wonke.

Lesi simo sivame kakhulu ukukhula kamuva ekuphileni, ikakhulukazi njengoba umuntu ekhula, kunokuba sibe khona lapho ezalwa. Sibizwa nangokuthi i-Atrioventricular (AV) block.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-heart block?

Ubunzima be-Heart Block buyahlukahluka kuye ngezinga lokuphazamiseka kwesignali kagesi. Ngakho-ke, sihlukanisa izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko. Ake sibheke leli thebula ukuze sikuqonde kalula lokhu.

Okunye okwengeziwe mayelana ne-Heart Block yezinga lesibili...

• Uhlobo lwe-Mobitz I: Lesi yisimo lapho isignali kagesi ibambezeleka khona, bese ibambezeleka, bese iphuthelwa ngokuzumayo, bese iqala kabusha. Lesi yisimo esingesibi kangako.
• Uhlobo lwe-Mobitz II: Lokhu akusona isixwayiso. Kungumsindo kagesi ongalawuleki ongazelelwe ongezwakali. Isilinganiso senhliziyo asijwayelekile futhi sihamba kancane. Lokhu kubi kakhulu kunohlobo lwe-1. Lesi simo sivame ukudinga i-pacemaker.

Ingabe nawe unalezi zimpawu?

Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi inhliziyo ivimbeke kangakanani. Ungase ungaboni lutho ngesikhathi umngane wakho enezimpawu.

• Abantu abanokuvinjelwa kwenhliziyo kwezinga lokuqala ngokuvamile abanazo izimpawu . Kutholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-ECG (electrocardiogram) ngesinye isizathu.

Kodwa esigabeni sesibili nesesithathu, njengoba izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo lehla, izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukungakhululeki
• Ukukhathala ngokweqile ngaphandle kwesizathu
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo (ukuzwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha)
• Ukuzizwa unesizungu nokuzizwa ukhululekile
• Ukuquleka
• Isicanucanu

Ziyini izimbangela zokuvinjwa kwenhliziyo?

Noma yini engalimaza uhlelo lukagesi lwenhliziyo ingabangela lokhu. Nazi ezinye zezimbangela eziyinhloko:

• Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo: Ukulimala kwemisipha yenhliziyo okubangelwa ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
• Isifo semithambo yenhliziyo (CAD): Ukuncipha kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni.
• I-Cardiomyopathy: Ukuqina noma ukuqina kwemisipha yenhliziyo.
• Izifo zamavalvu enhliziyo: Izinkinga ezithile ngamavalvu enhliziyo.
• Imithi ethile: Imithi ethile yomfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nesifo senhliziyo (isib. Ama-Beta-blockers, ama-Calcium channel blockers).
• Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso: Ukuba khona kwezinguquko ezithile esakhiweni senhliziyo lapho umuntu ezalwa.
• Ukulimala ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuvulekile.
• Ezinye izifo: Izifo ezifana nesifo seLyme.
• Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha: Isifo se-thyroid, i-Sarcoidosis, njll.

Ungakuthola kanjani lokhu?

Uma uya kudokotela, uzokubuza ngalezi zinto:

• Ziyini izimpawu zakho futhi usunesikhathi esingakanani unazo?
• Ingabe ukhona emndenini wakho onesifo senhliziyo?
• Mayelana nemithi oyiphuzayo.
• Mayelana nendlela yakho yokuphila (ukudla, ukuphuza, ukuzivocavoca, ukubhema).

Ngemuva kwalokho, udokotela uzokuxilonga, alalele inhliziyo yakho, ahlole ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho, futhi, uma kudingeka, akuthumele kudokotela wezifo zenhliziyo.

Ukuqinisekisa lesi sifo, kungenziwa izivivinyo ezilandelayo:

• I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram): Lesi isivivinyo esilula kakhulu nesilula kakhulu. Siqopha umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo.
• I-Ambulatory Monitor (Holter Monitor): Ukuvinjwa kwenhliziyo kungase kungenzeki njalo, ngakho-ke uzonikezwa idivayisi encane ozoyigqoka ukuze uqophe ukusebenza kwenhliziyo yakho amahora angama-24 kuya kwangu-48.
• Ukuhlolwa Kokucindezeleka Kokuzivocavoca: I-ECG ithathwa ngenkathi uhamba noma ugijima ku-treadmill, kubhekwe ukuthi izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho lishintsha kanjani ngokuzivocavoca.
• Ucwaningo lwe-Electrophysiology (Ucwaningo lwe-EP):Lokhu kuwukuhlolwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Intambo encane idluliselwa enhliziyweni ukuze kutholakale indawo eqondile yenkinga ohlelweni lukagesi.

Iphathwa kanjani i-Heart Block?

Ukwelashwa kuncike ekutheni uhlobo luni lwesifo senhliziyo ositholayo, ukuthi sibi kangakanani, nokuthi yiziphi izimpawu onazo.

• Ukuvinjwa Kwenhliziyo Kwezinga Lokuqala: Lokhu ngokuvamile akudingi ukwelashwa . Udokotela wakho uzokuqapha.
• Ukuvinjwa Kwenhliziyo Kwezinga Lesibili: Uhlobo lwe-Mobitz I lungase lungadingi ukwelashwa uma kungekho zimpawu. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona izimpawu, noma i-Mobitz Type II, kungadingeka i -pacemaker ukuze kugcinwe isigqi senhliziyo.
• Ukuvinjelwa Kwenhliziyo Kwezinga Lesithathu: Abantu abanalesi simo bavame ukudinga i-pacemaker .

Iyini le Pacemaker?

I-pacemaker iyithuluzi elincane kakhulu, elisebenza ngebhethri. Lifakwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba sesifuba sakho ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa okuncane. Ucingo oluncane oluvela kulokhu luxhunywe enhlizweni yakho. I-pacemaker isebenza ngokuthumela izimpawu zikagesi enhlizweni yakho uma ishaya kancane kakhulu, igcine ishaya ngesigqi esijwayelekile.

Izinto okufanele uzicabangele uma uhlala ne-pacemaker

Ungaphila impilo evamile ngemva kokufakwa i-pacemaker, kodwa udinga ukuqaphela okulandelayo:

• Hlala kude namasimu anamandla kazibuthe: Ungasondeli ezintweni ezifana nemishini ye-MRI.
• Omakhalekhukhwini: Ungaphathi ifoni yakho ephaketheni elifanayo ne-pacemaker yakho. Yigcine okungenani amasentimitha angu-1.5 ukusuka lapho.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezokuphepha, njengasezikhumulweni zezindiza: Tshela izikhulu zokuphepha ukuthi une-pacemaker. Futhi njalo phatha ikhadi elichaza ukuthi une-pacemaker.
• Yazisa abanye odokotela: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uzobona udokotela wamazinyo noma omunye udokotela, mtshele ukuthi une-pacemaker.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela wakho?

Uma une-heart block, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuya emitholampilo ngezikhathi ezihleliwe njengoba kunqunywe udokotela. Uma une-pacemaker, kufanele uhlole njalo ukuthi isebenza kahle yini.

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha:

• Isiyezi noma ikhanda elibuthakathaka
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo noma ukushaya kwejubane
• Ukuzizwa ubuthakathaka
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Ukuvuvukala kwemilenze namaqakala

Uma uba nezimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo (ubuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni, ubunzima bokuphefumula) noma izimpawu zokumiswa kwenhliziyo (ukulahlekelwa ingqondo ngokuzumayo), hamba ngokushesha eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.