Ingabe singakhuluma nje ngokuhlinzwa kokwehluleka kwenhliziyo?

Inhliziyo yethu ingumshini omangalisayo opompa igazi elihlinzeka nge-oxygen kanye nezakhamzimba kuwo wonke amaseli nezitho zomzimba wakho. Kufana nomshini opha amanzi endlini. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lo mshini obizwa ngokuthi inhliziyo uba buthakathaka kancane. Ngemuva kwalokho awukwazi ukupompa igazi elanele emzimbeni. Kwezokwelapha, lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-Heart Failure , noma njengoba abanye besibiza kanjalo, i-Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) . Ukuzwa leli gama kungaba yinto eyesabekayo, kodwa empeleni akwesabisi njengoba ungase ucabange. Ngoba kunezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokwelapha lokhu.

Kuyini ngempela ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo?

Kalula nje, inhliziyo iyiphampu enamandla eyenziwe ngezicubu zemisipha. Uma le phampu iba buthakathaka, ayikwazi ukupompa igazi ngokushesha noma ngamandla anele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomzimba. Cabanga ukuthi iphampu yakho yamanzi indala futhi ibuthakathaka. Kuthatha isikhathi eside ukupompa amanzi ethangini, futhi kungenzeka ingakwazi nokuwagcwalisa ngokuphelele. Kwenzeka into efanayo nasenhliziyweni.

Odokotela bavame ukwelapha lesi simo ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila (njengokunciphisa usawoti nokuzivocavoca) kanye nemithi. Abantu abaningi baba ngcono ngalezi zindlela zokwelapha. Kodwa kwabanye, lokhu kuphela akwanele. Yilapho-ke ukuhlinzwa kungacatshangelwa khona. Ukuhlinzwa kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwenhliziyo yakho, kunciphise izimpawu, futhi kukusize uphile isikhathi eside.

Kukuziphi izimo lapho kudingeka khona ukuhlinzwa?

Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani udokotela wakho engase ancome ukuhlinzwa ngenxa yokwehluleka kwenhliziyo.

• Yelapha imbangela eyisisekelo yokwehluleka kwenhliziyo yakho: Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo yakho kungabangelwa inkinga yevalvu yenhliziyo noma ukuvaleka komthambo wegazi. Lapho imbangela eyisisekelo isusiwe ngokuhlinzwa, inhliziyo yakho izoqala ukululama.
• Thuthukisa ikhono lokupompa kwenhliziyo: Kunezinye izindlela zokuhlinzwa ezisiza inhliziyo ngqo. Isibonelo, ukufaka idivayisi efana nephampu esiza inhliziyo.
• Sindisa impilo: Lapho inhliziyo iba buthakathaka kakhulu ukuba ingalawulwa ngemithi kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha, ukuhlinzwa kungaba yindlela yokugcina yokusindisa impilo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zokuhlinzwa ezenziwayo ngenxa yokwehluleka kwenhliziyo?

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlinzwa kwalesi simo. Ezinye zilula kakhulu, zenziwa ngokusika okuncane. Ezinye zifinyelela ezingeni lokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile kanye nokufakelwa inhliziyo. Ake sixoxe ngazo zonke.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Arrhythmia

I-ArrhythmiaKusho ukuthi inhliziyo ishaya ngokungajwayelekile ngenxa yenkinga encane ohlelweni lukagesi lwenhliziyo. Lokhu kungaba imbangela yokwehluleka kwenhliziyo, kanye nophawu.

• Ukukhishwa kwe-Catheter: Lena inqubo encane kakhulu. Udokotela wakho uzofaka ipayipi elincane kakhulu (i-catheter) ngomthambo osemlenzeni noma engalweni yakho enhliziyweni yakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazothola indawo eqondile enhliziyweni yakho ebangela izimpawu zikagesi ezingajwayelekile bese beyivala ngokufaka ukushisa okuncane noma ukubanda okukhulu kuleyo ndawo. Ngemva kwalokhu, inhliziyo yakho izoqala ukushaya ngendlela evamile futhi.
• Amadivayisi Afakwe: Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemishini emincane efakwa emzimbeni ukulawula isigqi senhliziyo. Lezi zifana nabaqaphi bokuphila abaqapha isigqi senhliziyo.

Ukuhlinzwa emithanjeni ehlinzeka ngegazi enhliziyweni

• Ukuhlinzwa Kwemithambo Yenhliziyo Ebuhlungu (i-CABG): Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-fatty deposits (i-plaque) ayakheka emithanjeni emincane ehambisa igazi emisipheni yenhliziyo, okubangela ukuba ivaleke. Lokhu kungaholela ekutheni inhliziyo ibe buthakathaka futhi ingakwazi ukuthola umoya-mpilo oyidingayo. Ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass kufana nokudala indlela entsha (i-bypass) ezungeze umthambo ovalekile. Udokotela ohlinzayo usebenzisa ucezu lomthambo oluthathwe kwenye ingxenye yomzimba wakho (njengomlenze wakho noma isifuba) ukudala indlela entsha yegazi ukuze ligeleze emithanjeni evalekile.
• I-Coronary Angioplasty kanye ne-Stent: Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha ukuvula umthambo ovalekile, kodwa kulula kunokuhlinzwa kwe-bypass. Lapha, uzokwenza lokhu:

1. I-catheter encane ifakwa emthanjeni wegazi esihlakaleni noma esinqeni sakho.

2. I-catheter idluliselwa eduze komthambo ovalekile enhliziyweni.

3. Uma ibhaluni elincane ekugcineni kwe-catheter ligcwele umoya, uwoyela ovalelekile usunduzelwa emaceleni bese umthambo uvuleka.

4. Bese kufakwa ithubhu elincane elifana ne-mesh (i-stent) kulowo mthambo ukuze ungaphinde uvaleke.

Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Valve Yenhliziyo

Ama-valve enhliziyo ayizingxenye ezifana nomnyango phakathi kwamakamelo enhliziyo ezivumela igazi ukuthi ligeleze ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela futhi livimbele ukuthi libuye. Lawa ma-valve angaba nezinhlobo ezimbili zesifo. Esinye yilapho i-valve ingavali kahle futhi igazi livuza emuva (regurgitation). Esinye yilapho i-valve iqina futhi ingavuli kahle (stenosis). Kuzo zombili izimo, inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima kunokujwayelekile ukuze ipompe igazi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kwenza inhliziyo ibe buthaka.

Lawa ma-valve angalungiswa ngokuhlinzwa, noma uma lokho kungenzeki, kungafakwa i-valve entsha (ezofakwa esikhundleni sayo) .

Ukwelashwa kwezinhliziyo ezibuthakathaka kakhulu

• Idivayisi Yokusiza I-Ventricular Left Ventricular (LVAD): Izinhliziyo zabanye abantu ziba buthakathaka kangangokuthi abakwazi ukupompa igazi emzimbeni wodwa. I-LVAD iyipompo encane efakwa kwi-ventricle yesobunxele (ingxenye eyinhloko yenhliziyo epompa igazi) ukuze ibasize. Ingasetshenziswa njengokwelashwa kwesikhathi eside, noma ingasetshenziswa okwesikhashana kuze kube yilapho kutholakala ukufakelwa kwenhliziyo.
• Ukufakelwa Inhliziyo: Lena yindlela yokugcina yesiguli esinesifo senhliziyo esisesigabeni sokugcina. Kulokhu, inhliziyo yesiguli ebuthakathaka iyasuswa bese kufakelwa inhliziyo enempilo evela kumnikeli oshonile. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinhliziyo zabanikeli, kumele kuhlangatshezwane nemigomo eqinile ukuze ufanelekele lokhu kuhlinzwa.

Kwenzekani ngaphambi, ngesikhathi nangemva kokuhlinzwa?

Ukulungiselela ukuhlinzwa kuyinto enkulu. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela konke.

• Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa: Uzonikezwa imiyalelo yokuthi kufanele uyeke nini ukudla nokuphuza, ukuthi imiphi imithi okufanele uqhubeke uyithatha nokuthi yini okufanele uyeke, nokuthi yini okufanele uyilethe esibhedlela. Uma ungeniswe esibhedlela, umhlengikazi uzofaka i-cannula engalweni yakho ukuze akunike usawoti. Indawo lapho ukuhlinzwa kuzokwenziwa khona izogundwa futhi ihlanzwe. Ngokuvamile uzolaliswa ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.
• Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa: Okwenzekayo kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lokuhlinzwa okwenziwayo. Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile kuhilela ukusikwa okukhulu phakathi kwesifuba. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlinzwa okuncane, njengokufakwa kwe-catheter, kuhilela ukusikwa okuncane engalweni noma emlenzeni. Ukuhlinzwa okuncane kungaqedwa ngehora elilodwa noma amabili nje.
• Ngemva kokuhlinzwa:Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, uzodluliselwa egunjini lokunakekelwa okujulile (ICU) noma ngqo egunjini. Ubude besikhathi ozohlala kuso esibhedlela buzohluka kuye ngohlobo lokuhlinzwa kanye nempilo yakho. Abanye abantu bangaya ekhaya zingakapheli izinsuku, kanti abanye kungadingeka bahlale amasonto. Ngaphambi kokuba uye ekhaya, udokotela wakho kanye nabasebenzi bobuhlengikazi bazokunikeza uhlelo olucacile mayelana nokuthi ungazinakekela kanjani ekhaya, ukuthi ungathatha kanjani imithi yakho, nokuthi kufanele ubuye nini.

Ziyini izingozi zokuhlinzwa?

Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo kunezingozi ezithile. Izingozi ezinkulu ukufa, isifo sohlangothi, ukopha ngokweqile, kanye nokutheleleka. Lezi zingozi zingahluka kuye ngeminyaka yakho kanye nezinye izimo zezokwelapha.

Impilo izoba njani ngemva kokuhlinzwa?

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo yisimo lapho izimpawu ziba zimbi kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kungenza kube nzima ngisho nokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokuhlinzwa, izimpawu zabantu abaningi ziyancipha kakhulu, futhi ikhwalithi yokuphila kwabo kanye nempilo yabo iyakhula.

Ukuthi umphumela wakho uzoba kanjani kuncike ezintweni eziningana:

• Ukusebenza kwenhliziyo yakho kanye nezimpawu ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
• Impumelelo yokuhlinzwa.
• Indlela ozinakekela kahle ngayo ngemva kokuhlinzwa futhi ulandela imiyalelo kadokotela.

Kunini lapho udinga ukubonana nodokotela wakho?

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kuyisimo sesikhathi eside, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlala uthintana nodokotela wakho. Tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi noma uma uthola izimpawu ezintsha.

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, landela imiyalelo kadokotela ngqo. Yiya emitholampilo ngezinsuku ezihleliwe. Uma unezinkinga noma ukungakhululeki ngesikhathi sokululama, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela ngakho.