Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kancane futhi ukhathazekile lapho udokotela ekutshela noma othile omthandayo ukuthi "uhlinzwe inhliziyo." Iningi lethu liyakhathazeka lapho sizwa amagama athi "ukuhlinzwa" kanye "nokuhlinzwa." Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngalokhu ngendlela elula kakhulu, njengoba nje singakhuluma nomngane. Ngesikhathi uqeda ukufunda lesi sihloko, uzobe usukuqonda kangcono lokhu.
Kuyini ngempela ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo?
Kalula nje, ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo yinoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa okwenziwa enhliziyweni yakho noma emithanjeni yegazi emikhulu exhumene nayo. Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Yingakho kukhona odokotela abahlinza inhliziyo abangochwepheshe kulokhu.
Cabanga ngakho, injini yomzimba wethu yinhliziyo. Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle ngale njini, lokhu kuhlinzwa kuyisevisi enhle yokuyilungisa nokuyivuselela isebenze kahle futhi. Lokhu kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwenhliziyo yakho, indlela igazi elijikeleza ngayo emzimbeni, futhi kukunike impilo entsha, impilo entsha. Abanye bakubiza nangokuthi lokhu ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo.
Kunini lapho kudingeka khona ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo?
Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo kungadingeka. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi kungaba yizinkinga esizalwa nazo (Isifo Senhliziyo Esizalwa Naso). Ngezinye izikhathi zingase zibe ngenxa yezifo esizithola kamuva ekuphileni.
Udokotela ngokuvamile akanqumi ukuthi udinga ukuhlinzwa ngokushesha. Lesi sinqumo senziwa kuphela ngemva kokuba udokotela wakho wenhliziyo esekuhlolile, enze zonke izivivinyo ezidingekayo, futhi ethole ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kuyisisombululo esingcono kakhulu noma okuwukuphela kwaso senkinga yakho yenhliziyo.
Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kufanele kwenziwe njengokwelashwa okuphuthumayo . Isibonelo, uma uhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo ngokuzumayo, noma uma uthola ukuthi umthambo wakho wegazi uvalekile kakhulu, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlinzwe ngokushesha ukuze usindise impilo yakho.
Akuzona zonke izimo zenhliziyo ezidinga ukuhlinzwa. Ngobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe banamuhla, kukhona ngisho nokwelashwa okungekona ukuhlinzwa okuhilela ukwenza i-incision encane (isibonelo, i-Percutaneous Coronary Intervention - PCI). Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi yini engcono kakhulu kuwe.
Izimo eziyinhloko eziphathwa ngokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo
Ake sibheke ezinye zezimo eziphathwa ngokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo ngezansi. Ungesabi ukubona la magama, masiwaqonde kalula.
| Isimo sezokwelapha | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Isifo Semithambo Yenhliziyo (CAD) | Imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni (imithambo ye-coronary) ivaleka ngama-cholesterol agciniwe, njengokungcola okwakheka ngaphakathi kwepayipi lamanzi, okunciphisa ukugeleza kwamanzi. |
| Isifo Se-Valve Yenhliziyo | Izingxenye ezifana nomnyango (ama-valve) ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo ezivumela igazi ukuthi ligeleze ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela azisebenzi kahle. Azivuli noma zivalwe kahle. |
| Ukwehluleka Kwenhliziyo | Inhliziyo ayikwazi ukupompa igazi ngamandla afanele. Lokhu akusho ukuthi inhliziyo iyayeka ukusebenza, kodwa kunalokho ayisasebenzi kahle. |
| Ama-Aneurysms | Izindonga zenhliziyo noma imithambo yegazi emikhulu iba buthakathaka futhi ivuvukale njengebhaluni. Lokhu kungaba yingozi, njengoba kungaqhuma. |
| I-Arrhythmias | Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile. Okusho ukuthi, inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha kakhulu, ngokushesha kakhulu, noma ngaphandle kwesigqi. |
| Isifo Senhliziyo Esizalwa Naso | Izinkinga zenhliziyo ezikhona lapho kuzalwa, isibonelo, imbobo enhliziyweni. |
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo?
Izinhlobo zokuhlinzwa ziyahlukahluka kuye ngesifo eselashwayo. Ake sibheke ezinye zezinhlobo zokuhlinzwa ezivame ukwenziwa.
Ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass (Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting - CABG)
Lona umsebenzi "wokudlula" abantu abaningi abake bezwa ngawo. Lapho umthambo ohlinzeka ngegazi enhliziyweni uvaliwe, kwakhiwa umzila omusha wokudlula ukuvaleka. Kufana nokuthatha umgwaqo oseceleni ukuze udlule umgwaqo omatasa. Umthambo ophilile ovela emlenzeni wakho noma ngaphakathi kwesifuba sakho usetshenziselwa ukudala lo mzila omusha. Kuye ngenani lemithambo evalekile, lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-"double" noma "triple" bypass.
Ukulungiswa noma ukushintshwa kwamavalvu enhliziyo (Ukuhlinzwa Kwevalvu Yenhliziyo)
Uma ivalvu (njengomnyango) enhliziyweni ingasebenzi kahle, iyalungiswa noma isuswe bese kufakwa ivalvu yokwenziwa. Lokhu kuvumela igazi ukuthi liphinde ligeleze kahle.
Ukulungiswa kwe-Aneurysm
Lokhu kuhilela ukususa ingxenye ebuthakathaka yomthambo wegazi osufana nebhaluni bese uyifaka esikhundleni sayo ngepayipi lokwenziwa (i-graft). Lokhu kuvimbela umthambo ukuthi ungaqhumi.
Ukufakwa Kwedivayisi Yenhliziyo
Kufakwa amadivayisi ahlukahlukene kagesi enhliziyweni ukusiza abantu abanokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile noma labo abanenkinga yenhliziyo.
- I-Pacemaker: Isiza abantu abanokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile ukuthi balondoloze isigqi sabo esijwayelekile.
- I-ICD (I-Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator): Uma ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuba ngesivinini esiyingozi, kuyayibona bese kuletha ukushaqeka okuncane kagesi ukuze kuyibuyisele esimweni sayo esijwayelekile.
- I-LVAD (Idivayisi Yokusiza I-Ventricular Yesobunxele): Iphampu encane esiza inhliziyo ukupompa igazi kubantu abanesifo senhliziyo esibi kakhulu.
- Inhliziyo Ephelele Yokwenziwa (TAH): Umshini osetshenziswa okwesikhashana kumuntu onenhliziyo engasebenzi kahle ngokuphelele kuze kube yilapho kutholakala ukufakelwa inhliziyo.
Ukufakelwa Inhliziyo
Lena yindlela yokugcina yokwenza lokhu. Uma inhliziyo yomuntu ingasebenzi kahle ngokuphelele futhi ingenakwelashwa nganoma yiluphi olunye ukwelashwa, inhliziyo enempilo evela kumuntu oshonile iyatshalwa. Lokhu ukuhlinzwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi okwenziwa kaningi.
Kwenzekani ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa? Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani?
Uma usunqume ukuhlinzwa, kungathatha amasonto noma izinyanga ukulungiselela lokho. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, odokotela bakho bazokuhlola ngokucophelela.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha: Bazokhuluma ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha, umlando wezokwelapha womndeni, kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kuhlolwe izinto ezifana ne-cholesterol egazini lakho.
- Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile: Kuhlolwa okuningana ukuze kuhlolwe ngokunembile isimo senhliziyo:
- I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram)
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Echo (i-Echocardiogram)
- I-X-ray yesifuba
- Ukuhlolwa Kokucindezeleka
- I-Angiogram ye-Coronary
- I-CT noma i-MRI yenhliziyo
Ngemva kwakho konke lokhu, udokotela uzokutshela ngokucacile ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlinzwa okudingeka ukwenze nokuthi ungakulungiselela kanjani.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi,Landela imiyalelo kadokotela ngqo. Isibonelo, eminye imithi ingadinga ukuthi uyeke ukuyithatha ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Ungase ucelwe ukuthi uyeke ukudla nokuphuza ngobusuku bangaphambi kokuhlinzwa (ukuzila ukudla). Uma ubhema, kufanele uyeke nakanjani. Ukulandela le miyalelo ngqo kunganciphisa kakhulu izingozi zokuhlinzwa.
Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa?
Kunezindlela eziningana zokuhlinzwa. Ithimba lezokwelapha lizonquma ukuthi iyiphi indlela efanele wena.
1. Ukuhlinzwa Kwenhliziyo Evulekile: Lena yindlela yendabuko. Kwenziwa ukusika okungamasentimitha angu-6-8 phakathi kwesifuba, bese i-sternum isikwa nhlangothi zombili ukuze ifinyelele inhliziyo. Ngalesi sikhathi, uzoxhunywa emshinini we-heart-lung bypass. Lo mshini wenza umsebenzi wenhliziyo namaphaphu okwesikhashana (upompa igazi futhi unikeze umoya-mpilo). Lokhu kuvumela udokotela ohlinzayo ukuthi ahlinze inhliziyo engashayi, engashintshi.
2. Ukuhlinzwa Kokudlula Ngaphandle Kwephampu: Lokhu kufana nokuhlinzwa okuvulekile, kodwa inhliziyo ayixhunyiwe emshinini wenhliziyo namaphaphu. Ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngesikhathi inhliziyo ishaya. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa lapho kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa kokudlula.
3. Ukuhlinzwa Okungangeni Kakhulu: Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi "ukuhlinzwa kwe-keyhole." Esikhundleni sokusikwa okukhulu, ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngezimbobo ezimbalwa ezincane esifubeni, kusetshenziswa ikhamera namathuluzi akhethekile. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlinzwa kwerobhothi nakho kuyasetshenziswa kulokhu. Inzuzo yale ndlela ukuthi iphola ngokushesha futhi ishiya izibazi ezimbalwa.
Ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass kuvame ukuthatha cishe amahora amathathu kuya kwayisithupha. Uzozizwa ungenamizwa (uzizwa ungenamizwa) phakathi nenqubo, ngakho ngeke uzizwe noma ukhumbule lutho.
Yini ongayilindela ngemva kokuhlinzwa?
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, uzoyiswa egunjini lokunakekelwa okujulile (ICU) . Kuzodingeka uhlale e-ICU okungenani usuku. Lapho, odokotela nabahlengikazi bazoqhubeka nokuqapha isimo sakho. Ngemva kwalokho, uzodluliselwa egunjini elivamile.
Isikhathi osidingayo ukuhlala esibhedlela sincike ekuhlinzweni okwenzile nokuthi ululama ngokushesha kangakanani. Ngokuvamile kuthatha amasonto ayisithupha kuya kwayi-12 ukululama ngokuphelele ekuhlinzweni kwenhliziyo okuvulekile.
Kuvamile ukuzizwa izinto ezinje ngesikhathi sokululama:
- Kukhona ukuklwebheka, ukuvuvukala, kanye nobuhlungu endaweni yokusikwa.
- Umsindo "wokuchofoza" ovela ngaphakathi esifubeni (lokhu kuzophela ngemva kwesonto noma amabili).
- Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla, isicanucanu.
- Ukuqunjelwa.
- Ubuhlungu emahlombe nasemhlane ongaphezulu.
- Angilali.
- Ukuzizwa udabukile, ukushintshashintsha kwemizwelo.
Nakuba lezi zinto zivamile, uma ubuhlungu bungabekezeleleki noma unezinye izinkinga, ungesabi ukutshela ithimba lezokwelapha.
Ziyini izingozi zokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo?
Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo kunezingozi ezithile. Kodwa-ke, ngobuchwepheshe banamuhla, lokhu kuhlinzwa kuyaphumelela kakhulu. Ezinye zezinkinga ezingaba khona yilezi:
- Ukungezwani komzimba ne-anesthesia.
- Ukopha ngokweqile.
- Ukutheleleka endaweni yokusikwa noma ngaphakathi esifubeni.
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (i-Arrhythmias).
- Isifo sohlangothi.
- Imiphumela ezinso.
Uma unezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezifana nesifo sikashukela, isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona (COPD), isifo sezinso, ubhema , noma ukhuluphele ngokweqile , ingozi yakho ingase ibe phezulu kancane. Yingakho kubalulekile ukulawula zonke lezi zinto ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
Kufanele ukhulume nini nodokotela?
Ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya, kubaluleke kakhulu ukushayela udokotela wakho ucingo ngokushesha uma kuvela izimpawu eziyingozi ngesikhathi sokululama kwakho.
Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha uma unezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu besifuba obungapheli ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Imfiva .
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula .
- Uma indawo yokusikwa ibomvu, ivuvukele, futhi ikhipha uketshezi olufana nobovu (izimpawu zokutheleleka).
- Ukucanuzela nokuhlanza okuqhubekayo.
- Izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi, njengobunzima bokukhuluma kanye nokugoba kolunye uhlangothi lobuso.
Ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nzima ukwazi ukuthi lokhu kuyingxenye yenqubo yokuphulukiswa noma inkinga enkulu. Uma ungabaza, ungalokothi unqikaze ukushayela ucingo ubuze udokotela wakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo akuyona into okufanele uyesabe, kuyindlela yokwelapha ezokunikeza impilo entsha.
- Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, ikakhulukazi leyo ephathelene nokuyeka ukubhema nokuphuza imithi.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphumula umzimba wakho ngesikhathi sokululama ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Gwema ukuphakamisa okunzima kanye nemisebenzi enzima.
- Kuvamile ukuzwa ukungakhululeki nobuhlungu ngesikhathi senqubo yokuphulukiswa. Kodwa-ke, uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile (ubuhlungu obukhulu, umkhuhlane, ubunzima bokuphefumula), yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Ukwamukela indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukudla okuhle, ukuvivinya umzimba) ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo kuzokusiza ukuthi uhlale uphilile isikhathi eside.
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