Kumelwe ukuthi uzwile ukuthi udinga ukunakekela i-cholesterol yakho ukuze uzivikele ezifweni zenhliziyo. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ulawula kangakanani ukudla kwakho nokuzivocavoca umzimba, amazinga akho e-cholesterol awanciphi. Mhlawumbe othile emndenini wakho ube nesifo senhliziyo esemncane. Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yesimo sofuzo esithinta imindeni. Leso yisimo esikhuluma ngaso namuhla, i-Heterozygous Familyal Hypercholesterolemia, noma i-HeFH ngamafuphi. Uma udokotela ekutshela ukuthi unalesi sifo, kubalulekile ukuthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu.
Iyini ngempela i-HeFH?
I-HeFH akuyona isifo esisithola ngaphandle , njengomkhuhlane. Yisimo esibangelwa ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo esikuzuza kumama noma kubaba. Kalula nje, lokhu kuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kunciphisa ikhono lomzimba lokususa i-cholesterol eyingozi egazini.
Cabanga ngakho, i-cholesterol ihamba ngemithambo yegazi emizimbeni yethu. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalezi.
| Uhlobo lwe-cholesterol | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| I-cholesterol enhle (i-HDL) | Lokhu kusiza ukuthwala i-cholesterol eningi iye esibindini futhi kuyisuse emzimbeni, njengesiqoqi sikadoti. |
| I-cholesterol embi (LDL) | Lezi yizinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu. Zinganqwabelana ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, ziyinciphise futhi zidale izifo zenhliziyo. |
Uma une-HeFH, uthola ifa lofuzo komunye wabazali bakho eliphazamisa inqubo yokususa i-cholesterol embi (LDL) . Uma unalo fuzo, ingane yakho inethuba elingu-50% lokulithola.
Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngesinye isimo esinegama elifanayo, i-Homozygous Familyal Hypercholesterolemia (HoFH). Lokhu kubangelwa yi-gene ekhubazekile ezuzwe njengefa evela kubazali bobabili. I-HoFH iyisimo esibi kakhulu kune-HeFH, kodwa ayivamile kakhulu.
Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?
Uma ingelashwa, i-HeFH ingabangela ukuthi i-cholesterol yakho ye-LDL kanye namazinga e-cholesterol ephelele abe phezulu kakhulu. Le cholesterol eyengeziwe ye-LDL ingakheka ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi yethu, njengokungcola okuvala ipayipi, okunciphisa indlela yokugeleza kwegazi. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi "i-atherosclerosis" noma "ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi."
Uma lokhu kwenzeka, inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima kunokujwayelekile ukupompa igazi emzimbeni wonke. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inhliziyo ingalimala futhi ibe nesifo senhliziyo. Esinye sezimpawu eziyinhloko zalesi simo ubuhlungu besifuba, okwaziwa ngokuthi i-angina. Uma kungelashwa, lokhu kungaholela ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma indoda ene-HeFH ingatholi ukwelashwa, ingozi yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo iphezulu kakhulu uma iseminyakeni yayo yama-40 nama-50, kanye nakwabesifazane abaseminyakeni yabo yama-60.
Izimpawu ezidinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo
Uma unezimpawu ezilandelayo, hamba uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo:
- Ukuqina kwesifuba, ukuqina, noma ubuhlungu
- Ubuhlungu obuphezulu emhlane noma entanyeni
- Ubuhlungu busakazeka engalweni
- Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula
- Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi:
- Ubunzima bokukhuluma
- Ukuba ndikindiki engalweni noma emlenzeni
- Ukugoba kolunye uhlangothi lobuso
- Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi yomzimba
Izici zomzimba ezingaphandle
I-cholesterol ephezulu ngezinye izikhathi ingabangela izimpawu ebusweni bomzimba.
| Isici | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ama-Xanthomas | Lawa amaqhubu aphuzi noma awolintshi akha ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Abangelwa yi-cholesterol eningi. Avame ukubonakala emalungeni ezandla, ngemuva kwesithende (i-Achilles tendon), futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezindaweni ezifana nezindololwane namadolo. |
| I-Xanthelasma | Lezi yizinhlayiya eziphuzi, ezinamabala ezakheka ezinkopheni. Zivame ukubonakala ngaphakathi kweso. |
| I-Corneal Arcus | Indandatho emhlophe noma empunga ezungeze iso elimnyama. Lokhu kubangelwa ukugcinwa kwe-cholesterol. Ayiphazamisi ukubona. |
Wazi kanjani ukuthi unalesi sifo?
Kunezivivinyo ezimbalwa ezilula ezingakusiza wena noma ingane yakho ukuthi yazi ukuthi ine-HeFH. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ihlolwe futhi yelashwe ngokushesha okukhulu. Nakuba izingane ezincane zingekho engozini yesifo senhliziyo, la mazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol azibeka engozini enkulu yokuthola isifo senhliziyo esikhathini esizayo.
Uma wena noma othile emndenini wakho enanoma yikuphi kwalokhu okulandelayo, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela futhi uxoxe ngakho.
- Izinga eliphezulu le-cholesterol ye-LDL elinganciphi naphezu kokulawulwa kokudla (ngaphezu kuka-190 mg/dL kumuntu omdala, ngaphezu kuka-160 mg/dL enganeni engaphansi kweminyaka engu-16 ubudala).
- Ukuba ne-cholesterol ephezulu emndenini.
- Ukuba nesifo senhliziyo noma isifo senhliziyo ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-60 ezihlotsheni zesilisa noma ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-70 ezihlotsheni zesifazane.
- Ukuba khona kwamaqhubu esikhumba afana nama-xanthomas ashiwo ngenhla.
- Ubuhlungu besifuba.
Udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba ukuhlola lezi zimpawu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuzokala amazinga akho e-cholesterol. Ku-HeFH, amazinga e-cholesterol e-LDL ngokuvamile aphezulu kuno-200 mg/dL kanti amazinga e-cholesterol ephelele aphezulu kuno-300 mg/dL.
Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka ukuhlola ukusebenza kwenhliziyo noma ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kofuzo ukuhlola izinguquko zofuzo nakho kunganconywa.
Iphathwa kanjani?
Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelapha i-HeFH ukwehlisa amazinga akho e-cholesterol "embi" ye-LDL nokukuvikela ezifweni zenhliziyo. Lokhu kudinga inhlanganisela yezinguquko zendlela yokuphila kanye nemithi.
Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila
- Ukudla okunempilo: Gwema ukudla okunamafutha agcwele kanye nama-trans (inyama yenkomo, ingulube, uwoyela kakhukhunathi, izikhupha zamaqanda, ubisi olunamafutha aphansi). Kunalokho, faka imifino, izithelo, ubhontshisi, amantongomane, inhlanzi, kanye nenkukhu engenamafutha amaningi ekudleni kwakho.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Yenza okuthile okwenza inhliziyo yakho ishaye ngamandla, njengokuhamba, ukubhukuda, noma ukugibela ibhayisikili, okungenani izinsuku ezine ngesonto okungenani imizuzu engama-30.
- Ukulawula isisindo: Uma ukhuluphele ngokweqile, yehlisa isisindo ngokudla nokuzivocavoca.
- Gwema ukubhema: Ukubhema kuyingozi enkulu yesifo senhliziyo, ngakho-ke uma unalo mkhuba, yeka ngokushesha.
Kodwa khumbula, ku-HeFH, izinguquko zendlela yokuphila zodwa azanele ukulawula i-cholesterol. Ukwelashwa ngemithi kubalulekile.
Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa
Udokotela wakho uvame ukukunikeza uhlobo lwemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-statin . Lokhu kusebenza ngokuvimbela umzimba ekwenzeni i-cholesterol. Ngenxa yokuthi amazinga e-cholesterol aphezulu kakhulu ku-HeFH, kungadingeka ukuthi uphuze le mithi ngemithamo ephezulu.
Uma ama-statin ewodwa enganele ukulawula amazinga, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza eminye imithi.
- Izithibi ze-PCSK9: Lezi yimithi enikezwa njengemijovo. Zisiza isibindi ukususa i-cholesterol ye-LDL.
- I-Ezetimibe: Lo muthi usebenza ngokunciphisa ukumuncwa kwe-cholesterol emzimbeni ekudleni esikudlayo.
Ngezinye izikhathi kungadingeka ukusebenzisa imithi emibili noma emithathu ndawonye.
Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha
Uma amazinga e-cholesterol ephezulu kakhulu ukuba ingalawulwa ngemithi kanye nokushintsha indlela yokuphila, ungase unikezwe ukwelashwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-LDL apheresis . Lokhu kufana ne-dialysis, lapho igazi lakho lidluliswa ngomshini ohlunga i-LDL cholesterol embi bese uyibuyisela emzimbeni wakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-HeFH akuyona isifo esithathelwanayo, kodwa yisimo sofuzo esidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.
- Ngenxa yalokhu, ingozi yokuthola isifo senhliziyo isencane iphezulu kakhulu.
- Uma i-cholesterol yakho inganciphi naphezu kokulawula ukudla, noma uma unomlando womndeni wesifo senhliziyo, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
- Nakuba izinguquko zendlela yokuphila zibalulekile, imithi ibalulekile. Sebenzisa imithi udokotela wakho ayinikezayo njengoba kuyalelwe.
- Uma une-HeFH, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi amalungu omndeni wakho aseduze (abantakwenu, izingane) ahlolwe futhi.
💬 Comments (0)
Awekho amazwana athunyelwe okwamanje. Faka amazwana akho lapha okokuqala ngqa.
Engeza amazwana akho