Zicabange ukuthi ube nomkhuhlane izinsuku eziningana, uzizwa ukhathele kakhulu, futhi uzizwa ungaphili... Ngokuvamile sicabanga ukuthi lokhu mhlawumbe kungumkhuhlane obangelwa yigciwane. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ngemuva kwalezi zimpawu, kungase kube nendaba engathi sína kakhulu efihliwe. Okungukuthi, ukutheleleka okukhulu okuthinta inhliziyo uqobo. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngesimo esingathi sína nesisongela ukuphila njenge-'Infective Endocarditis' nokuthi sidinga nini ukuhlinzwa. Nakuba lesi sihloko siyinkimbinkimbi kancane, ngizokuchazela ngendlela elula kakhulu, ukuze usiqonde.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-Infective Endocarditis?
Leli gama lizwakala liyesabeka kancane, akunjalo? Kodwa masiligcine lilula. Igazi lethu lihamba emizimbeni yethu yonke ngemithambo yethu. Ngezinye izikhathi amagciwane afana namagciwane noma isikhunta angangena kulesi simiso segazi. Ngokuvamile, amasosha omzimba wethu ayawalwa nawo futhi awabhubhise.
Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi la magciwane, ahamba egazini, afinyelela kuma-valve enhliziyo, lapho anamathela khona futhi amile khona izimpande, okubangela ukutheleleka okukhulu. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ``Infective Endocarditis''.
Cabanga ngama-valve asezinhliziyweni zethu njengamasango. Adinga ukuvula nokuvala kahle ukuze igazi likwazi ukugeleza ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela. I-valve yenhliziyo enempilo ibushelelezi kakhulu, ngakho amagciwane awakwazi ukunamathela kuyo kalula. Kodwa uma i-valve yenhliziyo yomuntu ibuthakathaka kusukela ekuzalweni noma yonakaliswe esinye isifo, ubuso bayo buyaguquguquka. Njengodonga oludala. Lawo mabala amaguquguquka angase abambe amagciwane egazini.
Amagciwane angangena emizimbeni yethu ngesikhathi sezinqubo zamazinyo ezivamile, njengokukhishwa kwamazinyo, izinqubo zamazinyo, kanye ne-endoscopy. Nakuba lokhu kungase kungabi yinkinga enkulu kumuntu ophilile, kungaba yingozi kumuntu onezinkinga ze-valve yenhliziyo.
Lesi simo siyithinta kanjani impilo yakho?
Uma igciwane selingene evalvini yenhliziyo, aligcini nje ngokuhlala lapho. Amagciwane ayahlukana, aphindaphindeke, futhi akhe amakoloni amakhulu. Kwezokwelapha, sibiza la maqoqo amagciwane ngokuthi izimila .
Lezi `(izitshalo)` zenza umsebenzi oyingozi kakhulu.
1. Ukulimala kwama-valve: Lawa mabhaktheriya akhipha amakhemikhali, afana nama-enzyme asetshenziselwa ukugaya ukudla. Lawa anamandla kakhulu. Ancibilika kancane kancane futhi adle izicubu ezithambile ze-valve yenhliziyo. Ngemuva kwalokho i-valve ayivali kahle, okusho ukuthi iqala ukuvuza. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-valvular regurgitation.
2. Ukwehluleka Kwenhliziyo: Uma i-valve ivuza, inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima kunokujwayelekile ukuze ipompe igazi liye emzimbeni. Kufana nokupompa amanzi ebhakedeni elivuzayo. Uma usebenza ngaphansi kwalo mthwalo owengeziwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inhliziyo ingaba buthakathaka futhi ekugcineni ibe nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
3.Amahlule egazi ayaphuka futhi avale: Ngezinye izikhathi, izingcezu ezincane zamagciwane abizwa ngokuthi ama-plantation ziyaphuka bese zihamba emzimbeni wonke negazi. Sibiza lesi singcezu esiphukile ngokuthi i-embolus. Lokhu kufana nengxenye ye-moss ephuka emfuleni bese intanta emanzini. Uma leli hlule legazi liphuka bese libhajwa emthanjeni wegazi ebuchosheni, lingabangela isifo sohlangothi. Uma libhajwa emthanjeni emaphashini, lingabangela isimo esiyingozi esibizwa ngokuthi i-pulmonary embolism. Futhi, umthambo wegazi oholela esithweni esiswini noma engalweni noma emlenzeni ungavaleka, okubangela ukuthi leyo ngxenye iswele igazi (ischemia).
Uyaqonda ukuthi lesi simo sibucayi kangakanani? Yingakho kubaluleke kangaka ukuqaphela lokhu.
Ilashwa kanjani? Ingabe ukuhlinzwa kuyadingeka?
Ukwelashwa kuncike ohlotsheni lwegciwane elibangela ukutheleleka nokuthi isimo sibi kangakanani.
- Ama-antibiotic: Uma lesi sifo sitholakala kusenesikhathi, kunezimo lapho ukutheleleka kungelapheka ngokuphelele ngama-antibiotic anamandla anikezwa ngemithambo yegazi amasonto ambalwa.
- Ukuhlinzwa: Kodwa-ke, uma unezitshalo ku-valve yakho yenhliziyo, uma i-valve yonakele kakhulu, noma uma une-valve yokufakelwa eyayifakwe ngaphambili, ama-antibiotic kuphela angase anganele. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka.
Kudingeka kwenziwe ukuhlinzwa isikhathi esingakanani?
Isikhathi sokuhlinzwa sincike ekutheni isimo sakho sibucayi kangakanani. Ezinye iziguli zingadinga ukuhlinzwa zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa zixilongiwe. Lokhu ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo. Ake sibheke ithebula elingezansi ukuze sibone ukuthi kudingeka nini ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo.
| Izizathu zokuthi kungani ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo kungadingeka | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukwakheka kwamathumba azungeze ivalvu | Ukutheleleka sekusabalele kusuka ku-valve kuya ngaphandle, futhi ubomvu buqoqene. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu. |
| Ukuba khona kwezitshalo ezinkulu | Kunobungozi obukhulu kakhulu bokuthi lezi zingcezu ziqhekeke futhi zibhajwe ezindaweni ezifana nobuchopho. |
| Ukwehluleka Kwenhliziyo | Ukulimala kwevalvu kuyenze buthaka inhliziyo. Uma ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa ngokushesha, kusongela ukuphila. |
| Ukuqhekeka kwe-valve chordae | Izingxenye ezithambile ezifana nentambo ezibamba ivalvu endaweni yazo ziyadabuka ngenxa yokutheleleka, okwandisa ingozi yokuthi ivalvu ivuza. |
| Amagciwane okunzima ukuwaphatha | Ezinye izinhlobo zesikhunta noma amabhaktheriya kunzima ukuzilawula ngama-antibiotic, ngakho-ke indawo ethelelekile kumele inqunywe futhi isuswe. |
Ingabe zikhona izikhathi lapho ukuhlinzwa kuyephuza khona?
Yebo, ngezinye izikhathi odokotela banquma ukulibazisa ukuhlinzwa kancane. Kunezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokho.
1. Izinkinga ezihlobene nobuchopho: Uma ingxenye yegciwane iphukile futhi yavala umthambo wegazi ebuchosheni (ischemic stroke) noma uma kukhona ukopha ebuchosheni (intracranial hemorrhage), kuyingozi ukwenza ukuhlinzwa okukhulu kwenhliziyo ngokushesha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imithi yokunciphisa igazi enikezwa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa ingandisa ukopha ebuchosheni. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa kuphela ngemva kokuba ubuchopho sebuzinzile.
2. Lesi simo asisibi kangako: Uma ukutheleleka kungekubi kakhulu futhi ingozi yezinkinga iphansi, udokotela uzoqala ngokukunikeza inkambo ephelele yama-antibiotic. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukutheleleka kuzophela ngokuphelele, futhi ungaya ekuhlinzweni unomzimba ohlanzekile. Kuzokunikeza nesikhathi esanele sokuhlela ukuhlinzwa.
Odokotela banquma kanjani ukuthi ngidinga ukuhlinzwa?
Lesi akusona isinqumo esenziwe udokotela oyedwa kuphela. Odokotela benhliziyo nodokotela abahlinza inhliziyo bayahlangana futhi benze lesi sinqumo ngokusekelwe eziqondisweni zomhlaba wonke. Benza izivivinyo eziningana ngalokho.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuthola ukuthi yimaphi amabhaktheriya noma isikhunta esibangela ukutheleleka.
- I-Echocardiogram:Lokhu ukuskena kwenhliziyo. Kubheka ama-valve enhliziyo futhi kungabona kahle ukuthi kukhona yini izitshalo, ukuthi zikhulu kangakanani, nokuthi umonakalo ongakanani owenzekile kuma-valve. Okwenziwa phezu kwesifuba kubizwa ngokuthi i-transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE). Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuze kubonakale kangcono, kwenziwa i-transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) ngomlomo.
- I-CT scan: Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza ukubona ukuthi ukutheleleka kubangele izinkinga kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa?
Uhlobo lokuhlinzwa olwenziwayo luncike ohlotsheni lomonakalo wevalvu yenhliziyo yakho. Udokotela ohlinzayo angenza okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu okulandelayo:
- Ukususwa kwemfucuza: Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuhlanza nokususa zonke izicubu ezinegciwane nezifile.
- Ukulungiswa kwevalvu: Uma umonakalo ungemkhulu kakhulu, kuzozanywa ukulungisa ivalvu ekhona.
- Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwevalvu: Ngezinye izikhathi, ingxenye yevalvu iyasuswa bese kuthathwa ingxenye yelwelwesi oluzungeze inhliziyo (i-pericardium) bese itshalwa endaweni yayo ukuze kwakhiwe kabusha ivalvu.
- Ukushintsha ivalvu: Uma umonakalo wevalvu ukhulu kangangokuthi awukwazi ukulungiswa, ivalvu isuswa ngokuphelele bese kufakwa ivalvu yokwenziwa endaweni yayo.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlinzwa? Ingabe zikhona izingozi?
Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa okukhulu, lokhu kuhlinzwa kunezingozi ezithile. Kunezingozi ezifana nokopha, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (i-arrhythmia), amahlule egazi, ukukhubazeka, kanye nokutheleleka kabusha kwevalvu esanda kufakelwa. Kodwa uma udokotela enqume ukuthi udinga ukuhlinzwa, kusho ukuthi izinzuzo zokuhlinzwa zinkulu kakhulu kunokungakwenzi.
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kuzodingeka uhlale egunjini lokunakekelwa okujulile (ICU) izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngemuva kwalokho uzodluliselwa egunjini elijwayelekile. Kuzodingeka uthathe ama-antibiotic ngemithambo noma ngesimo samaphilisi amasonto amaningana ukuze ususe ngokuphelele noma yimaphi amagciwane asele emzimbeni wakho. Kuzodingeka futhi uthole ukuphumula okwanele ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya. Kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhathele futhi ubuhlungu. Kungathatha izinyanga eziningana ukuze ululame ngokugcwele.
Ngingayibona nini udokotela ngemva kokuhlinzwa?
Kufanele unakekele umzimba wakho kakhulu ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela noma yiziphi izinkinga ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingezansi, kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho ngokushesha .
| Izimpawu okufanele uziqaphele | Lokhu kungasho ukuthini |
|---|---|
| Umkhuhlane noma ukubanda | Kungaba uphawu lokutheleleka kabusha. |
| Ukubomvu, ukuvuvukala, ukufudumala, noma ubomvu obuphuma enxebeni lokuhlinzwa | Isibonakaliso sokutheleleka kwenxeba. |
| Ubuhlungu besifuba noma umuzwa wokugcwala esifubeni | Kungaba uphawu lwesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-pericardial effusion. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumula, uzizwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha | Kungase kube nenkinga ethile ngokusebenza kwenhliziyo. |
| Ukopha okungavamile okuvela esilondeni noma ukubukeka okulimele kakhulu | Kungase kube nenkinga ngesistimu yokujiya kwegazi. |
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-infective endocarditis iwukutheleleka okubi kakhulu okubangelwa amagciwane angena kuma-valve enhliziyo.
- Uma ama-valve onakele, kuvele izimila ezinkulu, noma kube nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa.
- Lokhu kuhlinzwa kungalawula ukutheleleka futhi kuvimbele umonakalo omkhulu empilweni.
- Uma lesi sifo sitholakala ngokushesha futhi ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngokushesha, imiphumela iba ngcono.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukululama kwakho kulandele imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngemva kokuhlinzwa futhi uqaphele noma yiziphi izimpawu eziyingozi.
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