Ingabe ingane yakho inezinselele zokukhula kwengqondo? Ake sixoxe ngokukhubazeka kwengqondo.

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi ingane yakho iphuza kancane ukufunda nokuqonda izinto ezithile kunezinye izingane? Noma ingabe idinga usizo olwengeziwe ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke kunezinye? Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma ngokukhubazeka kwengqondo, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi `(Ukukhubazeka Kwengqondo)`. Ungesabi noma ukhathazeke ngokushesha uma uzwa leli gama. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukwaziswa kahle ngalokhu.

Kuyini lokhu kukhubazeka kwengqondo?

Kalula nje, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kuwumkhawulo emakhonweni omuntu engqondo, okuhlanganisa ukuhlakanipha, ikhono lokufunda, kanye namakhono okuphila kwansuku zonke . Akuthinti wonke umuntu ngendlela efanayo. Abanye abantu bangase babe nomthelela omncane kakhulu , futhi baphila ngokuzimela kakhulu. Abanye bangase babe nomthelela omkhulu, futhi bangase badinge usizo nokusekelwa kukho konke ukuphila kwabo.

Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kumane kuwukuntuleka kokuhlakanipha okulinganiswa ngokuhlolwa kobuhlakani, `(ukuhlolwa kwe-IQ)` esesikuzwile. Kodwa lokho akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Yebo, `(ukuhlolwa kwe-IQ)` kuyithuluzi elilodwa nje elisetshenziswayo ukunquma lokhu. Cabanga ngakho, kukhona abanye abantu, izinga labo le-IQ lingaba liphakathi noma ngaphezulu kwesilinganiso, kodwa bangase babe nobuthakathaka kwamanye amakhono adingekayo empilweni yansuku zonke. Futhi, abanye abantu bangase babe ne-IQ ephansi, kodwa amanye amakhono namakhono abo aqinile ngokwanele, ngakho-ke bangase bangahlangabezani nezindinganiso zokukhubazeka kwengqondo. Noma, bangase babe nezinga eliphansi lokukhubazeka kunalokho okuboniswa yi-`(ukuhlolwa kwe-IQ)`.

Igama elisemthethweni odokotela abalisebenzisa ukuchaza lesi simo yi-"Intellectual Developmental Disorder." Leli igama elinikezwe lona ku-American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR). Nakuba imbangela eqondile yalesi simo ingaziwa, ivame ukubangelwa izinguquko ekukhuleni kobuchopho . Akuvamile, kungenzeka futhi ngemva kokulimala kobuchopho, njengokugula noma ingozi, okwenzeke ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-18.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kuyisimo esivamile kodwa esingajwayelekile esithinta phakathi kuka-1% no-3% wezingane emhlabeni jikelele. Sivame kakhulu kwabesilisa kunabesifazane.

Yiziphi izimpawu zokukhubazeka kwengqondo?

Izimpawu zokukhubazeka kwengqondo zigxile kakhulu ebunzimeni emaqenjini ahlukahlukene amakhono. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amakhono ezemfundo, amakhono okuxhumana nabantu, kanye namakhono asekhaya. Ake sibheke ukuthi yini le:

Izici ezihlobene nobuhlakani

"Ubuhlakani" bubhekisela ekhonweni lethu lokuqonda nokusebenzisana nomhlaba osizungezile. Budlulela ngale kwamakhono olimi nezibalo alinganiswa "ngesivivinyo se-IQ." Lokhu okulandelayo ngezinye zezimpawu zobuhlakani:

• Ukuba nokufunda okulibazisekayo noma okuhamba kancane ekufundeni noma yini (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ivela emsebenzini wesikole noma kokuhlangenwe nakho kwansuku zonke).
• Isivinini sokufunda esihamba kancane.
• Ubunzima bokucabanga ngokwembangela nomphumela.
• Ubunzima bokucabanga ngokujulile nokwenza izinqumo .
• Ubunzima bokusebenzisa amakhono okuxazulula izinkinga nokuhlela.
• Ukuphazamiseka kalula futhi kuba nzima ukuhlala ugxile entweni eyodwa.

Izici zokuziphatha okuguquguqukayo

Ukuziphatha okuzivumelanisa nezimo amakhono namakhono abantu abawafundayo ukuze baphile ngokuzimela futhi bahlangabezane nezidingo zabo . Uma lokhu kulinganiselwe, bangabonisa izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuqeqeshwa kwendlu yangasese ukufunda kancane kancane ukuthi ungazihlanza kanjani (ukugeza, ukugqoka, njll.).
• Kuthatha isikhathi ukuthuthukisa ubungane.
• Ukuziphatha ngaphandle kokwesaba noma ukusola abantu abasha, abangajwayelekile (sithi "ingozi ephansi yabantu ongabazi").
• Ukudinga usizo kubazali noma kwabanye abanakekeli ukuze benze imisebenzi eyisisekelo yansuku zonke (njengokugeza nokusebenzisa indlu yangasese), ngisho noma sebekhulile.
• Ubunzima bokufunda izinto ezifana nemisebenzi yasekhaya kanye nemisebenzi emincane.
• Ubunzima bokuqonda imiqondo efana nokuphathwa kwesikhathi kanye nokuphathwa kwemali.
• Udinga usizo lokuphatha ama-aphoyintimenti kadokotela kanye nokuphuza imithi.
• Ubunzima bokuqonda imingcele yezenhlalo.
• Ubunzima bokuqonda noma ukuqonda okulinganiselwe kokuxhumana nabantu, okuhlanganisa ubungane nobudlelwano bothando.

Yiziphi izimbangela zokukhubazeka kwengqondo?

Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kungaba nezimbangela eziningi. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ezimweni eziningi, kuhileleke izizathu ezingaphezu kweyodwa. Lezi zimbangela zingathinta ingane ngaphambi kokuba izalwe, ekuzalweni, noma eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala yokuphila.

Izici zangaphambi kokubeletha:

• Izakhi zofuzo kanye nefa: Izimo eziningi ezibangela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo zingabangelwa ukushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo. Ezinye zalezi zinguquko zingadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi izimo ezifana ne-Down syndrome, i-Fragile X syndrome, kanye ne-Prader-Willi syndrome.
• Ukutheleleka: Ezinye izifo, njenge-toxoplasmosis kanye ne-rubella, zingaphazamisa ukukhula kombungu futhi zibangele izimo ezifana ne-cerebral palsy, okungaholela ekukhubazekeni kwengqondo.
• Ama-Teratogens: Lezi yizinto ezingathinta kabi ukukhula kombungu. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi utshwala, ugwayi, imithi ethile, kanye nokuchayeka emisebeni.
• Izimo zezokwelapha: Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha umama anazo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa zingabangela izinguquko ekukhuleni kombungu. Lokhu kungaholela ekukhubazekeni kwengqondo kamuva. Isibonelo, izimo zamahomoni njengezinkinga ze-thyroid (`hypothyroidism`).

Izici ezithinta ukubeletha:

• Ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo (i-hypoxia).
• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
• Ezinye izinhlobo zokulimala kobuchopho ngesikhathi sokuzalwa.

Izimbangela ezithinta izingane ezincane:

• Ukulimala noma izingozi: Lokhu kungabangela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo uma kulimaze ubuchopho.
• Ukuchayeka ezintweni ezinobuthi: Izinsimbi ezisindayo ezifana nomthofu kanye ne-mercury kungalimaza ubuchopho futhi kubangele ukukhubazeka kwengqondo.
• Ukutheleleka: Ngisho nokutheleleka okuvamile okusakazekela ohlelweni lwezinzwa, njenge-measles noma i-meningitis, kungabangela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo.
• Izimila noma ukukhula kobuchopho: Lokhu kufaka phakathi izimila ezinomdlavuza kanye nezingezona umdlavuza (`ezingenobungozi`).
• Izimo zezokwelapha: Izimo ezahlukahlukene zesifo sokuwa, njengokuwa kanye ne-"Lennox-Gastaut syndrome", zingalimaza ubuchopho. Lokhu kungaholela ekukhubazekeni kwengqondo.

Yiziphi ezinye izimo ezingase zenzeke ngokukhubazeka kwengqondo?

Ezinye izimo noma izinkinga zempilo yengqondo nazo zingase zenzeke ngenxa yezinguquko ebuchosheni ezibangela noma ezifaka isandla ekukhubazekeni kwengqondo. Ezinye zezimo ezingase zenzeke ngokukhubazeka kwengqondo (kodwa futhi zingase zenzeke zodwa kumuntu ongenakho ukukhubazeka kwengqondo) zifaka:

• Isifo sokungakwazi ukunaka/sokungasebenzi kahle (ADHD).
• Isifo se-Autism spectrum.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokulawula umfutho.
• Izinkinga zemizwa, ikakhulukazi izinkinga zokukhathazeka kanye nokucindezeleka.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokunyakaza.

Abantu abanokukhubazeka kwengqondo ngenxa yesifo esithile sofuzo bangase babe namathuba amaningi okuthola ezinye izinkinga zempilo ezihlobene naleso simo esiyisisekelo. Udokotela wakho angakutshela okwengeziwe ngokuthi yiziphi izimo ingane yakho esengozini enkulu yokuzithola, nokuthi yini ongayenza ukuze uvimbele izinkinga ezinkulu.

Ungasibona kanjani lesi simo?

Ukuhlonza ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kuvame ukuba inqubo enezinyathelo eziningi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kudinga ukuhlolwa kobuhlakani bakho kanye namakhono akho okuziphatha aguquguqukayo . Kubalulekile ukuqonda hhayi nje izinselele zakho kodwa futhi namandla akho . Uma usuwazi amandla akho, ungenza ngokwezifiso izindlela zokwelapha kanye nokungenelela ukuze kukusize wakhe kulawo mandla futhi unqobe izinselele.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlolwa nezindlela ezingasiza ngalezi zivivinyo, kuye ngobudala. Ezinye izivivinyo zingabona ukukhubazeka kwengqondo ngisho nasezinganeni ezincane kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, lezi zivivinyo ngokuvamile azikwazi ukubona ukuthi kunzima kangakanani kuze kube yilapho sezikhule ngokwanele ukuthatha "ukuhlolwa kwe-IQ" futhi zihlole ngokugcwele ukusebenza kwazo okuguquguqukayo.

Lapho kungenzeka khona, ochwepheshe bahlukanisa ubukhulu bokukhubazeka kwengqondo ngezigaba ezine:

• Okuncane:Isilinganiso seminyaka yengqondo yabantu abanaleli zinga siphakathi kweminyaka engu-9 nengu-12. Ukukhubazeka kwabo kungaphazamisa ukufunda noma imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa-ke, bavame ukunqoba lezi zinkinga kanye nokusebenza, ikakhulukazi uma bethola ukungenelela okukhethekile kanye nokusekelwa besebancane. Bavame ukuba nemisebenzi futhi baphile ngokuzimela. Cishe abantu abangu-85% abanokukhubazeka kwengqondo bakuleli zinga.
• Okulingene: Abantu abanokukhubazeka kwengqondo okulingene baneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-6 kuya kwengu-9 ubudala. Bangakwazi ukuxhumana ngolimi olulula. Banemfundo ephathelene nezinga lesikole samabanga aphansi. Iningi labantu lingafunda ukuphila ngokuzimela ngezinga elithile, kodwa badinga amazinga ahlukahlukene okusekelwa endleleni. Isibonelo, ukwesekwa ekhaya leqembu.
• Okunzima: Abantu abakhubazekile kakhulu ngokwengqondo baneminyaka ephakathi kwemi-3 neyi-6 ubudala ngokwengqondo. Basebenzisa amagama ahlukile, imishwana, kanye/noma izenzo ukuze baxhumane. Bazuza ekunakekelweni nasekusekelweni kwansuku zonke ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke kanye nemisebenzi yokuphila kwansuku zonke.
• Okujulile: Abantu abanaleli zinga lokukhubazeka kwengqondo baneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-3. Ngokuvamile baxhumana ngaphandle kwamazwi, baqonda ezinye izimpawu zomzimba nezimpawu zomzwelo. Bazuza ekunakekelweni kwezokwelapha amahora angu-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngesonto kanye nokusekelwa kuzo zonke izici zokuphila kwabo.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuze kutholakale lesi simo?

Ngaphezu kokuhlolwa nokuhlolwa kobuhlakani kanye nokuziphatha okuguquguqukayo, izivivinyo eziningana zelebhu, zokuxilonga, kanye nezithombe zingasiza ekuxilongweni. Izivivinyo ezingenziwa zincike ezimpawini zakho. Izivivinyo zingasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi athole imbangela eyisisekelo, engasiza ekuhleleni ukwelashwa.

Ezinye izivivinyo ezingenziwa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu, njengokuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo, kungasiza ekuboneni izimbangela eziyisisekelo zokukhubazeka kwengqondo noma izimo ezihlobene.
• Ukwelulekwa ngokwezakhi zofuzo. Ukuhlonza izimo zezakhi zofuzo ezibangela noma ezifaka isandla ekukhubazekeni kwengqondo kungasiza ekuvimbeleni noma ekunciphiseni izinkinga ezihlobene nalezi zimo eziyisisekelo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe. Lokhu kuwusizo kakhulu ekuxilongeni izimo ezihilela izinguquko esakhiweni sobuchopho, njengezinkinga ze-cephalic.

Ezinye izivivinyo zingenziwa kuye ngesimo onaso noma lokho okusolwa udokotela wakho. Udokotela wakho angakutshela okwengeziwe ngokuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ongazithatha nokuthi yini abayincomayo.

Kuphathwa kanjani ukukhubazeka kwengqondo?

Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile noma ukwelashwa kokukhubazeka kwengqondo. Kodwa-ke,Ngokwelashwa okuhle nokusekelwa, abantu abakhubazekile ngokwengqondo bangaba nekhwalithi enhle yokuphila. Ukugxila okuyinhloko kokwelashwa ukubasiza bathuthukise ukuziphatha okuguquguqukayo namakhono okuphila.

Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha:

• Ukusekelwa kwezemfundo kanye nokungenelela: Lokhu kusiza ekwenzeni izinguquko ezinhlelweni zemfundo kanye nezakhiwo. Isibonelo uhlelo lwezemfundo oluzimele (i-IEP). Lokhu kubeka uhlelo oluthile lwezemfundo kanye nokulindelekile.
• Ukusekelwa kokuziphatha kanye nokungenelela: Lezi zinhlobo zokungenelela zingasiza izingane zifunde ukuziphatha okuzivumelanisa nezimo kanye namakhono ahlobene.
• Ukuqeqeshwa kwemisebenzi: Lokhu kungasiza abantu abakhubazekile ngokwengqondo ukuthi bafunde amakhono ahlobene nomsebenzi.
• Imfundo yomndeni: Lokhu kusiza imindeni kanye nabantu abathandekayo babantu abakhubazekile ngokwengqondo ukuthi bafunde kabanzi ngalesi simo, kanye nendlela yokusekela othandekayo wabo.
• Imithi ehlukahlukene ingasetshenziswa ukusiza ngezimo ezihambisana noma ezenzeka kanye nokukhubazeka kwengqondo. Nakuba lokhu kungelaphi ukukhubazeka kwengqondo ngokwako, kungasiza ngezinye zezimpawu ezibangela lokho.
• Ukusekelwa komphakathi: Umuntu ngamunye kanye/noma umndeni wakhe bangaxhumana nezikhungo zikahulumeni wendawo noma izinhlangano zokusekela. Ukwenza kanjalo kungabasiza ukuthi bathole izinsizakalo eziwusizo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukwesekwa ekhaya noma emsebenzini, kanye nezinketho zemisebenzi yasemini.

Yini okufanele ngiyilindele uma ingane yami inokukhubazeka kwengqondo?

Abantu abanokukhubazeka kwengqondo okuncane, noma labo abanezimo ezibabangelayo, bangase bakwazi ukubona umehluko phakathi kwabo nabanye. Kodwa-ke, isici esibalulekile sokukhubazeka kwengqondo ukuthi abakwazi ukuqonda ngokugcwele nokucubungula okwenzekayo kubo noma ezweni elibazungezile.

Ngakho-ke, abantu abaningi abakhubazekile ngokwengqondo abaqondi ngokugcwele ukuthi lesi simo sibathinta kanjani. Kunalokho, abazali noma abanye abanakekeli bavame ukuba ngabokuqala ukubona izimpawu zokukhubazeka ngokwengqondo enganeni yabo noma enganeni yothandekayo.

Khumbula, ingane yakho inemigomo, izinto eziyithandayo, kanye namandla ayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi uyisize ikwazi ukubona lezi zinto ngokusekelwa ekudingayo ukuze iphile impilo yayo engcono kakhulu.

Abantu abakhubazekile ngokwengqondo bangase bangakwazi ukubona lapho abanye bezama ukubakhohlisa noma ukubasiza. Izinhlelo zokusekela zingafundisa abantu abakhubazekile ngokwengqondo ukuzivikela, kodwa ukwesekwa nokuphathwa kwabanakekeli kubalulekile enhlalakahleni yabo.

Iyini ikusasa lalesi simo?

Umbono wokukhubazeka kwengqondo uncike ezintweni eziningi, ikakhulukazi ubucayi bakho, imbangela eyisisekelo, kanye nezinye izimo ezikhona .Udokotela wengane yakho ungumthombo ongcono kakhulu wolwazi mayelana nombono wengane yakho nokuthi yini ongayenza ukuze usize ekuphatheni isimo sayo.

Abantu abaningi abakhubazekile ngokwengqondo bazodinga uhlobo oluthile lokusekelwa kukho konke ukuphila kwabo. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlelo nezinhlangano ezingasiza ngalolo hambo. Abantu abaningi abakhubazekile ngokwengqondo bangaphila ngokuzimela ngamazinga ahlukahlukene. Kuye ngezidingo zabo, izifiso zabo, kanye nezifiso zabo, abantu abaningi banemisebenzi, izimpilo zomndeni, kanye neminye imisebenzi ehlobene nokuphila kwansuku zonke. Sekukonke, ngokusekelwa okufanele, umuntu okhubazekile ngokwengqondo angaba nekhwalithi enhle yokuphila.

Ingabe ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kungavinjelwa?

Ngokuvamile, ochwepheshe abakwazi ukukhomba imbangela eyodwa yokukhubazeka kwengqondo. Akukuhle ngabazali ukuzibeka icala uma kwenzeka into efana nale. Kodwa-ke, ungase ukwazi ukunciphisa ingozi yengane yakho ngenkathi ukhulelwe, noma lapho ingane yakho isencane:

• Landela izincomo zikadokotela wakho mayelana nokuthatha imithi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, futhi uthole yonke imijovo enconywayo (ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye nokuphila komntwana).
• Ukunciphisa ukuchayeka otshwaleni, emithini engagunyaziwe ngudokotela, kanye nogwayi, kanye nobuthi obungokwemvelo njengothofu.
• Uma unomlando womndeni wezimo ezingase zibangele ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokwelulekwa ngofuzo ngaphambi kokukhulelwa.

Ngingamnakekela kanjani umntwana wami uma ekhubazekile engqondweni?

Abantu abakhubazekile ngokwengqondo bangase bangakwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nempilo yabo noma ezinye izinqumo ezibalulekile empilweni yabo. Bangase badinge ukwesekwa ngabazali, abathandekayo, noma abanye abanakekeli kukho konke ukuphila kwabo.

Ingane yami kufanele ibone nini udokotela?

Izimpawu zokuqala zokukhubazeka kwengqondo ngezinye izikhathi zingabonakala ngesikhathi sokuvakasha njalo kwengane kudokotela wezingane. Ingxenye evamile yalokhu kuvakasha ukuhlolwa "kobudala nezigaba". Lokhu kuqhathanisa ukukhula nentuthuko yengane yakho nalokho okulindeleke eminyakeni yayo. Khumbula, kungase kube nezinye izizathu ezenza ingane ingase yephuze ukuhlangabezana nezigaba zokukhula ngesikhathi sobuntwana bayo. Isibonelo, ukugula ngokomzimba, ukugula kwengqondo, noma ukukhubazeka okuthile kokufunda.

Uma unenkinga mayelana nokukhula kwengane yakho noma ukuthi isengozini yokukhubazeka kwengqondo, khuluma nodokotela wezingane wengane yakho. Angakusiza uqonde isimo kangcono futhi akunike isiqondiso ngalokho ongakwenza noma okufanele ukwenze ukuze usize ingane yakho.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Kunemibuzo eminingi ongayibuza udokotela wengane yakho engakusiza ukuthi uqonde kangcono futhi usekele izidingo zengane yakho. Eminye imibuzo ongayibuza ihlanganisa:

• Ingakanani inkinga yokufunda yengane yami?
• Yiziphi izimfanelo zakhe ezinhle futhi yiziphi izinselele zakhe?
• Yiziphi izinhlelo noma izinhlangano zokusekela ezitholakala endaweni yakithi noma ku-inthanethi ezingangisiza mina noma ingane yami?
• Yiziphi izinhlelo zesikole ezitholakalayo zokusiza ngezidingo zemfundo zengane yami?
• Ingabe ingane yami izokwazi ukuphila ngokuzimela, futhi uma kunjalo, yiziphi izinsizakalo ezizodinga ukuze yenze lokho?
• Ingabe ingane yami inezinye izimo, futhi uma kunjalo, ingabe ingelashwa?

"Ukuwohloka Kwengqondo" kanye "Nokukhubazeka Kwengqondo" - Uyini umehluko?

Amagama athi "ukukhubazeka kwengqondo" kanye "nokukhubazeka kwengqondo" womabili achaza umqondo ofanayo. Kodwa-ke, igama elithi "ukukhubazeka kwengqondo" manje selifaneleka kakhulu ngezizathu eziningana:

• Ukunemba: Igama elithi "retard" kanye namagama ahlobene nalo avela egameni lesiFulentshi elisho "ukwenza kancane kancane." Ngokomlando, ochwepheshe basebenzise igama elithi "ukungakhuli kahle kwengqondo" ukuchaza ukufunda okuhamba kancane noma ukusebenza kobuchopho. Kodwa-ke, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kuyigama eliyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, elihilela ukukhubazeka kwamakhono nokuziphatha. Ngakho-ke, igama elithi "ukukhubazeka kwengqondo" linembe kakhudlwana.
• Ukufakwa: Izinhlobo ezahlukene zegama elithi "retarded" manje sezibhekwa njengezingahloniphi. Ukusetshenziswa kabi kwala magama kuholele ekwandeni kokubandlululwa kanye nokuphathwa kabi. Ngenxa yalokho, izinhlangano zobungcweti kanye nochwepheshe manje basebenzisa igama elithi "ukukhubazeka kwengqondo" kuphela.
• Ukuqashelwa ngokomthetho: Ngo-2010, uhulumeni wase-US washaya umthetho othi 'umthetho kaRosa'. Umthetho wasusa amagama athi "okhubazekile ngokwengqondo" kanye "okhubazekile ngokwengqondo" emisebenzini kahulumeni, emthethweni, kanye nenqubomgomo. Amagama athi "ukukhubazeka ngokwengqondo" kanye "nomuntu okhubazekile ngokwengqondo" aba amagama asemthethweni futhi afaneleka ngokomthetho.

Ingabe i-ADHD iwukukhubazeka kwengqondo?

Cha, i-ADHD kanye nokukhubazeka kwengqondo kuyizifo ezimbili ezihlukene. Nakuba zombili ziwela esigabeni esifanayo sokukhubazeka kokukhula, azifani. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi bangaba nazo zombili lezi zimo ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kuyisimo esithinta izici eziningi zokuphila komuntu, kodwa akuyona into eyenzeka ngokuphelele. Izinhlelo zokusekela ezemfundo nezokuziphatha zigxila ekuboneni amandla nokuwasebenzisa ngokugcwele.

Uma unengane ekhubazekile ngokwengqondo, ungase uzibuze ukuthi ingabe ngandlela-thile unecala ngakho. Kodwa-ke, ukukhubazeka ngokwengqondo kuyisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Kunezici eziningi ezingase zibangele noma zibe nomthelela kukho, ngakho ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka ukusho ngqo ukuthi kungani kwenzeke (okusho ukuthi akufanele uzisole uma ingane yakho inakho). Into ebalulekile ukuthi kunezinhlelo eziningi zokusekela nezinhlangano ezingasiza. Ngaleyo ndlela, umuntu okhubazekile ngokwengqondo unethuba elifanayo nelanoma ubani lokuphila impilo egcwele, ejabulisayo, neyanelisayo.

Isifinyezo (Umyalezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke nazi ezinye izinto okudingeka uzikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho:

• Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kuyisimo esithinta ubuhlakani, ukufunda, kanye namakhono ansuku zonke . Lokhu akufani kuwo wonke umuntu.
• Lokhu akuyona into engalinganiswa kuphela ngokuhlolwa kwe-IQ . Ukuziphatha okuzivumelanisa nezimo nakho kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Kungaba nezizathu eziningi - izakhi zofuzo, izinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, izinkinga ekuzalweni, noma izingozi noma ukugula ngesikhathi sobuntwana. Ngokuvamile kunzima ukukhomba imbangela eqondile, ngakho abazali akufanele bazisole.
• Nakuba kungekho ikhambi lalokhu, ukwesekwa okufanele, imfundo, kanye nokwelashwa kungathuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila. Kubalulekile ukuhlonza nokuthuthukisa amandla engane.
• Uma unemibuzo noma unemibuzo mayelana nokukhula noma amakhono engane yakho, thintana nodokotela wezingane ngokushesha. Uma usheshe uyibona inkinga, kulapho ungathola khona usizo oluningi.
• Awuwedwa. Kunezinsiza, izinhlelo, nezinhlangano zokusiza izingane nemindeni efana nale.

Khumbula, ingane ngayinye ikhethekile, futhi yonke ingane idinga uthando, ukunakekelwa, nokuqonda. Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kungaba yinselele, kodwa ngokusekelwa okufanele, ngisho nalezo zingane zingaphila impilo enhle nenenjongo.

Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo , ukukhubazeka kokukhula, ubunzima bokufunda, intuthuko yengane, impilo yengqondo, ukuziphatha okuzivumelanisa nezimo, imfundo ekhethekile