Cabanga nje, umuntu omaziyo ngokuzumayo uqala ukushintsha inkumbulo yakhe, ukuziphatha kwakhe, nokuhamba kwakhe ngokushesha okukhulu. Wake wezwa ngesifo okunzima ukuthi odokotela basibone futhi esithuthuka ngokushesha okukhulu? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesinye salezo zifo ezingavamile nezingavamile kakhulu. Lezi sizibiza ngokuthi izifo ze-prion.
Kalula nje, ziyini lezi zifo ze-prion?
Izifo ze-Prion ziyiqembu lezifo ezithinta ubuchopho bakho kanye nesistimu yezinzwa. Zingabangela
i-dementia enzima noma ubunzima bokulawula umzimba wakho, futhi zingaba zimbi kakhulu ngokushesha okukhulu. Ziyivelakancane kakhulu, kanti zibikwa amacala angaba ngu-350 minyaka yonke e-United States. Ake sibheke ukuthi yini ebangela lokhu.
Ama-Prion amaprotheni amancane atholakala ebuchosheni bethu. Kodwa ngesizathu esingaziwa, lawa maprotheni ayaphambuka, ahlangane, futhi abe nesimo esingalungile. Into eyingozi kakhulu ukuthi le phrotheni ye-prion ephambuka kabi ingabangela namanye amaprotheni anempilo ukuba aphambuka kabi. Njengoba nje umngane omubi engenza abanye bagule. Lawa maprotheni aphambuka kabi aqoqana ebuchosheni futhi aqale ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana obuchopho (ama-neurons). Yilokhu okubangela izimpawu.
Abantu abaningi badidanisa izifo ze-prion nesifo se-Alzheimer 's . Nakuba zombili ziyizifo ezibangela ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi ezimbili. Isifo se-Alzheimer's sivame ukuba sibi kancane kancane eminyakeni eminingi. Esifweni se-prion, lesi simo siba sibi kakhulu ngokushesha, esikhathini esifushane, ngokuvamile ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Futhi, njengesifo se-Alzheimer's, asikho ikhambi lezifo ze-prion.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezifo ze-prion?
Izifo ze-Prion zingathinta abantu nezilwane. Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko ezithinta abantu. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.
| Igama Lesifo | Incazelo emfushane |
|---|
| Isifo se-Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD) | Lesi yisifo se-prion esivame kakhulu kubantu, futhi sivame ukuthinta abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60. |
| Isifo se-Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob (Variant CJD - vCJD) | Lokhu kungenzeka nakubantu abasha. Kutholakale ukuthi ukudla inyama yenkomo etheleleke nge-"Mad Cow Disease" kungadluliselwa. |
| I-Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome | Lesi futhi yisifo esingavamile kakhulu, esidluliselwa ngofuzo. |
| Ukungalali kahle komndeni okubulalayo | Lesi futhi yisimo sofuzo esidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Uphawu oluyinhloko ukungakwazi ukulala kahle. |
| IsiKuru | Isifo esasakazeka ngenxa yesiko lokudla inyama yabantu phakathi kwezizwe ezithile ePapua New Guinea. Lokhu akusazwakali manje. |
Ziyini izimpawu zesifo se-prion?
Izimpawu zesifo se-prion zingavela ngokuzumayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinguquko ezisheshayo esimweni sakho sengqondo, inkumbulo, kanye nokunyakaza.
| Umkhakha othintekile | Izimpawu ezibonakalayo |
|---|
| Ingqondo nokuziphatha | Ukukhathazeka okukhulu noma ukucindezeleka Izinguquko ezisheshayo ekuziphatheni noma ebuntwini Ukukhohlwa okusheshayo okuqhubekayo (i-Dementia) |
| Umzimba kanye nokunyakaza | Izinkinga zokulinganisela, Ukuhamba okungazinzile, Ukulahlekelwa ukulawula imisipha, ukudlikiza noma ukuthuthumela ngokuzumayo, Inkulumo engacacile, Ubunzima bokugwinya |
| Ezinye izici | Ukuquleka Izinkinga zokubona |
Izimbangela kanye nezici eziyingozi zokuthuthukisa lesi sifo
Esikhathini esiningi, izifo ezifana ne-CJD zikhula ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile, kodwa ezinye izici eziyingozi ziye zatholakala.
- Umlando Womndeni : Cishe abantu abayi-15% bathola lezi zifo ngenxa yesici sofuzo (isici esisezakhini zofuzo esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-PRNP') esidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.
- Ukutheleleka : Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi, lesi sifo singadluliselwa lapho kufakelwa izicubu kumuntu onesifo, noma uma imishini esetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa ingahlanzwanga kahle.
- Ukudla inyama ethelelekile: Ukudla inyama yenkomo ethelelekile " ngesifo sezinkomo ezihlanyayo " (i-Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ) kungabangela uhlobo lwesifo olubizwa ngokuthi i-vCJD. Lapho lesi simo sisakazeka eYurophu ngawo-1990, inani elincane labantu lafa ngenxa yalesi sifo. Manje, sekubekwe imithetho eqinile mayelana nokondla izinkomo kanye nokunikela ngegazi, ngakho-ke le ngozi incishisiwe kakhulu.
Isifo se-prion sitholakala kanjani?
Kungaba nzima ukuthola lesi simo ngoba izimpawu zingafana nezinye izimo. Uma unezimpawu ezifana nokukhohlwa, udokotela wakho uzoqala akhiphe ezinye izimbangela, njengesifo sohlangothi noma isimila sobuchopho. Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungenziwa:
- Ukubhoboza Umgogodla/Ukushaya Ithambo: Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka inalithi encane phakathi kwamathambo akho amabili bese uthatha isampula encane yoketshezi oluzungeze ubuchopho bakho kanye nomgogodla (uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal). Amazinga amaprotheni athile kulo angahlolwa ukuze kutholakale umbono wesifo.
- I -MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Lokhu kusebenzisa omaginethi abanamandla namagagasi omsakazo ukuthatha izithombe eziningiliziwe zobuchopho. Ngezinye izikhathi kungabonisa izinguquko ezithile ebuchosheni ezibonakala ezifweni ze-prion.
- I-CT scan (i-Computerized Tomography): Uchungechunge lwe-X-ray luthathwa ndawonye ukuze kudalwe isithombe esicacile sobuchopho.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu: Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuqiniseka nge-100% ukuthi umuntu unesifo se-prion ukuthatha ingxenye encane yezicubu ebuchosheni (i-brain biopsy). Kodwa lokhu kuyindlela yokuhlinzwa eyingozi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke lokhu kwenziwa kuphela uma kukhona okusolakala ukuthi kungaba esinye isifo esingelapheka.
Ukwelashwa nokuvimbela lesi sifo
Okwamanje, alikho ikhambi lezifo ze-prion. Ukwelashwa kwamanje kulawula izimpawu kuphela futhi kunikeza isiguli impumuzo ethile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-painkiller, ama-antidepressants, kanye nemithi yokulwa nokukhathazeka. Njengoba isimo somuntu onesifo se-prion siba sibi usuku nosuku, nakanjani uzodinga usizo ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke. Kungadingeka ukuthi afakwe i-catheter ukuze akhiphe umchamo, ahlanze usawoti ukuze avimbele ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, kanye nokuncelisa ngamapayipi uma engakwazi ukudla.
Ingabe lesi sifo singavinjelwa?
Ayikho indlela yokuvimbela izifo ze-prion ezizuzwe njengefa, kodwa lezi zinyathelo zingasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokusabalalisa lesi sifo ngokutheleleka noma ngokudla:
- Ukuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane ngendlela efanele imishini yezokwelapha.
- Uma unesifo se-prion noma unomlando womndeni waso, gwema ukunikela ngezicubu noma izitho zomzimba.
- Ukudla inyama eqinisekisiwe ukuthi iphephile kuphela.
Ukusabalala kwesifo "sezinkomo ezihlanyayo" sekulawulwe kahle ngenxa yemithetho eqinile ebekwe amazwe amaningi emhlabeni jikelele mayelana nokudla kanye nenyama yenkomo enikezwa izinkomo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Izifo ze-Prion ziyiqembu lezifo ezingavamile kakhulu kodwa ezingathi sína ezilimaza ubuchopho.
- Kulezi zifo, inkumbulo, ukuziphatha, kanye nokunyakaza komzimba kuyawohloka ngokushesha okukhulu . Lokhu kushesha kuyisici esiyinhloko esikuhlukanisa nezifo ezifana ne-Alzheimer's.
- Kunzima ukuhlonza lesi sifo ngokunembile, futhi kudingeka izivivinyo eziningana ezithile ukuze kwenziwe kanjalo.
- Nakuba okwamanje kungekho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwalokhu, izimpawu zingalawulwa futhi isiguli singanikezwa impumuzo.
- Uma wena noma umuntu omaziyo ebona ushintsho olungazelelwe, olungachazeki enkumbulweni yakhe, ebuntwini bakhe, noma ekunyakazeni kwakhe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela ngokushesha ukuze uthole iseluleko .
Izifo zePrion, isifo seCreutzfeldt-Jakob, i-CJD, isifo sobuchopho, isimiso sezinzwa, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, i-dementia, isifo sezinkomo ezihlanyayo, isifo sezinkomo ezihlanyayo
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