Kuvamile ukuthi udokotela azizwe enovalo futhi ekhathazekile kancane lapho ekutshela ukuthi ingxenye yamaphaphu akho idinga ukuhlinzwa. "Ingabe ususa ingxenye yamaphaphu ami?" umbuzo ofika ngokushesha engqondweni. Kodwa kuyini ngempela lokhu? Kungani kwenziwa? Uma usukwazi kahle ukuthi kuyini, ukwesaba kwakho kuzoncipha kakhulu. Ngakho ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula, kusukela ku-A kuya ku-Z.
Kalula nje, kuyini ukususwa kwamaphaphu?
Ukususwa kwamaphaphu, noma ngokwezokwelapha, ukususwa kwamaphaphu, ukususwa kwengxenye noma wonke amaphaphu akho ngokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ukuze kususwe ingxenye yamaphaphu eyonakaliswe umdlavuza, ukutheleleka, noma esinye isimo sezokwelapha. Ngezinye izikhathi, i-biopsy isetshenziswa futhi ukuthatha isampula yezicubu ukuze kuhlolwe ukuxilongwa okuthile.
Uyazi ukuthi sinamaphaphu amabili emzimbeni wethu. Iphaphu ngalinye lala lihlukaniswe izingxenye ezibizwa ngokuthi "ama-lobes". Iphaphu lesobunxele linama-lobes amabili kanti iphaphu lesokudla linama-lobes amathathu. Ngakho-ke lokhu kuhlinzwa kungasusa i-lobe yonke, ingxenye ye-lobe, noma iphaphu lonke.
Ngisho noma lokhu kuwukuhlinzwa okukhulu, futhi iphaphu elilodwa noma ingxenye yamaphaphu isusiwe, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi usengakwazi ukuphila impilo evamile.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zokuhlinzwa lezi?
Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo eziningana kuye ngobukhulu bengxenye yamaphaphu esusiwe. Ukuze uqonde lokhu ngendlela elula, bheka ithebula elingezansi.
| Igama lokuhlinzwa (Uhlobo Lokuhlinzwa) | Kalula nje, kwenzekani? |
|---|---|
| Ukususwa Kwe-Wedge | Kususwa ingxenye encane yezicubu zamaphaphu enobume obungunxantathu kuphela. |
| Ukususwa kwesigaba | Ingxenye eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ye-lobe yamaphaphu iyasuswa, kodwa hhayi yonke i-lobe. |
| Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Lobectomy | I-lobe yonke yamaphaphu (isb. enye yama-lobe amathathu ephaphu lesokudla) iyasuswa. |
| Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Bilobectomy | Izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zama-lobes ephaphu lesokudla ziyasuswa. |
| Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Pneumonectomy | Iphaphu lonke ohlangothini olulodwa liyasuswa. |
| Ukuhlinzwa Kokunciphisa Umthamo Wamaphaphu | Amapokhethi omoya avaleleke emaphashini ngenxa yezimo ezithile zezokwelapha ayasuswa. |
Kungani uhlinzwa ngalolu hlobo?
Kunezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwenza ukuhlinzwa kwamaphaphu. Esinye ukwelapha isifo, kanti esinye ukuhlonza imbangela eqondile yalesi sifo.
- Umdlavuza wamaphaphu - ikakhulukazi umdlavuza wesigaba sokuqala.
- Umdlavuza osakazekele emaphashini usuka kwezinye izitho zomzimba (umdlavuza we-Metastatic).
- Izimila zamaphaphu noma amaqhubu amaphaphu angewona abangela umdlavuza kodwa angamaqhubu angewona abangela umdlavuza.
- Ezinye izifo ezinkulu zamaphaphu, amathumba.
- Izifo zamaphaphu ezingamahlalakhona njenge-bronchiectasis noma i-emphysema.
- Ukulimala kwamaphaphu ngenxa yengozi enkulu.
Futhi, ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa ukuze kutholakale ucezu lwezicubu (i-biopsy) ukuze kutholakale ngokunembile inkinga emaphashini. Isibonelo:
- Qinisekisa ukuthi umdlavuza noma cha.
- Hlola ukutheleleka okufana nesifo sofuba.
- Thola ezinye izifo zamaphaphu, njenge-pulmonary fibrosis.
Ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa kanjani? Kunezindlela ezimbili!
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwenza ukuhlinzwa kwamaphaphu. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha efaneleke kakhulu kuye ngesimo sakho.
1. Ukuhlinzwa Kwesifuba
Lena inqubo yesimanje engadingi ukungenelela okuningi ehilela ukwenza izimbobo ezimbalwa ezincane esifubeni noma ohlangothini.Kufakwa eyodwa kuphela. Ipayipi elincane elinekhamera enamathiselwe kulo, elibizwa ngokuthi ``i-Thoracoscope,'' lifakwa ngenye yezimbobo, kanti amathuluzi okuhlinza afakwa ngezinye izimbobo. Indlela ``(RVATS)'', esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe berobhothi, nayo iyingxenye yalesi sigaba. Izinzuzo zale ndlela yilezi:
- Ubuhlungu buyancipha ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
- Ingozi yezinkinga iphansi.
- Ungalulama ngokushesha futhi uqalise imisebenzi evamile.
2. Ukuhlinzwa Okuvulekile (Ukuhlinzwa Okuvulekile - I-Thoracotomy)
Lena yindlela yendabuko. Lapha, kwenziwa ukusika okude kancane ohlangothini lwesifuba, bese amaphaphu efinyelelwa phakathi kwezimbambo ezimbili. Lokhu kuwukuhlinzwa okukhulu kancane, ngakho isikhathi sokululama side kakhulu.
Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa?
Ukuze ukuhlinzwa kuphumelele, udinga ukulungela. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo.
- Ukuzila Ukudla: Uzocelwa ukuthi uyeke ukudla nokuphuza amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
- Imithi: Kufanele utshele udokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imithi oyithathayo. Eminye imithi (ikakhulukazi imithi yokunciphisa igazi) kungadingeka iyekwe noma kulungiswe umthamo ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Ungayeki noma yimiphi imithi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho.
- Ukubhema: Uma ubhema, kufanele uyeke ukubhema okungenani amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
- Ukuhlala esibhedlela: Uzoba sesibhedlela izinsuku ezimbalwa, ngakho-ke lungisa izingubo ezidingekayo. Futhi, hlela imoto yokufika ekhaya usuka esibhedlela.
- Ukuhlolwa: Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, ungase ucelwe ukuthi wenze izinto ezifana nokuhlolwa kwegazi, i-X-ray yesifuba, ukuskena kwe-CT, kanye nokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlinzwa?
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, uzoyiswa ekamelweni lokululama. Uma usuphinde waphaphama, uzodluliselwa ewadini.
- Ukuhlala esibhedlela: Kungase kudingeke uhlale esibhedlela izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu, kuye ngohlobo lokuhlinzwa olwenzile kanye nezinga lokululama kwakho.
- Amapayipi Esifuba: Ipayipi lesifuba (ipayipi lokukhipha amanzi) lifakwa esifubeni ukuze kususwe uketshezi oluningi nomoya oqoqana emaphashini ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kuvame ukushiywa endaweni usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili bese kususwa.
- Ukuphelelwa umoya: Ungase uzizwe uphelelwa umoya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala. Lokhu kuvamile. Abasebenzi bezokwelapha bazokufundisa ukuphefumula ngokujulile nokukhwehlela ukuze amaphaphu akho aqhubeke esebenza kahle.
- Isikhathi sokululama: Uma uhlinzwe ngokuhlinzwa okuvulekile (i-Thoracotomy), kungathatha cishe inyanga ukubuyela emisebenzini evamile. Kodwa-ke, uma uke waba nenqubo yesimanje njenge-VATS, ungabuyela esimweni esijwayelekile cishe emavikini amabili.
Azikho yini izingozi kulokhu kuhlinzwa?
Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, kunezingozi ezincane ezihilelekile, kodwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwethimba lezokwelapha elinekhono, lezi zingozi zincane kakhulu.
Ezinye zezinkinga ezingaba khona yilezi:
- Ukuvuza komoya
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (i-Arrhythmia)
- Ukopha emaphashini (i-Hemothorax)
- Inyumoniya
- Ukutheleleka kwenxeba lokusika
- I-embolism yamaphaphu
- Ukusabela emithini ebangela ubuthongo
Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela kahle lezi zinto ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
Uma unalezi zimpawu, qaphela ngokushesha!
Kubalulekile ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha uma unezinkinga ngemuva kokubuyela ekhaya. Qaphela izimpawu ezilandelayo.
| Izimpawu okufanele uziqaphele | |
|---|---|
| Uma unalezi, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha. | |
| |
| Uma unalezi zimpawu , hamba uye e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha. | |
|
Ingabe lokhu kuhlinzwa kungawuqeda ngokuphelele umdlavuza?
Ezigabeni zokuqala zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, lokhu kuhlinzwa kunethuba eliphezulu kakhulu lokuphulukisa umdlavuza ngokuphelele. Kodwa akekho ongasho ukuthi kusebenza kahle ngo-100%. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ngemisebe kungadingeka ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuvinjelwe amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuthi angabuyi.
Ingabe izingxenye zamaphaphu ezisusiwe ngokuhlinzwa zingaphinde zikhule?
Cha. Ngokungafani nesibindi sethu, izicubu zamaphaphu azivuseleli ngemva kokususwa ngokuhlinzwa. Kodwa-ke, izicubu zamaphaphu ezisele zizoqala ukusebenza kahle ukuze zinikeze umzimba inani elidingekayo lomoya-mpilo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuhlinzwa kwamaphaphu akuyona into okufanele uyesabe. Kuyindlela yokwelapha umdlavuza nezinye izifo ezinkulu ngempumelelo.
- Ngobuchwepheshe besimanje (njenge-VATS), lokhu kuhlinzwa manje kungenziwa ngokusika okuncane, ubuhlungu obuncane, kanye nokululama okusheshayo.
- Isikhathi sokululama sincike ohlotsheni lokuhlinzwa okwenzile kanye nempilo yakho iyonke. Yiba nesineke.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze ululame ngokushesha ukuthi ulandele imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela, kokubili ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa.
- Uma uba nezimpawu ezingavamile ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya, ungalibali ukwazisa udokotela wakho.
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