Ingabe ingane iya ngokuya incipha ngokuphawulekayo usuku nosuku? Leso kungaba yisimo esiyingozi esibizwa ngokuthi i-Marasmus!

Wake waphawula ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi ingane encane noma umuntu omdala uba mncane ngendlela engavamile usuku nosuku, abe buthakathaka kangangokuthi amathambo akhe avele obala? Singase sicabange, "O, kumelwe ukuthi abadli kahle." Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungaba yisimo esibi kakhulu. Lolu uhlobo lokungondleki kahle okukhulu esizokhuluma ngalo namuhla, olubizwa ngokuthi i-Marasmus. Kufana nemoto eyeka ukusebenza ngaphandle kophethiloli.

Kuyini i-Marasmus?

Kalula nje, i-Marasmus iyisimo esibi kakhulu sokungondleki kahle . Ngokukhethekile, ukungondleki kahle kwamaprotheni-amandla . Okusho ukuthi, lesi simo senzeka lapho izakhamzimba ezintathu eziyinhloko umzimba wethu ozidingayo ukuze usebenze futhi ukhule nsuku zonke - ama-carbohydrate, amafutha, namaprotheni - ziphela ngokuzumayo. Cabanga, kwenzekani lapho umzimba wethu ungatholi lutho olufana nophethiloli noma udizili? Yilokho okwenzekayo. Ngenxa yalokho, umzimba ulahlekelwa amandla owadingayo ukuze ugcine imisebenzi evamile. Uma ubona umuntu one-Marasmus, ungabona ukuthi ubuthakathaka, ubuthakathaka, futhi inyama emizimbeni yakhe icishe incibilike ngokuphelele. Endabeni yengane encane, ukukhula kwayo kungaphazamiseka ngokuphelele . Uma lesi simo siqhubeka, singasuka endlaleni siye ekufeni .

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Marasmus ne-Kwashiorkor?

Uma ukhuluma ngokungondleki kahle, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa negama elithi Kwashiorkor. Zombili ziyizimo ezinzima zokungondleki kahle kwamaprotheni-amandla. Kodwa-ke, kunomehluko omncane phakathi kwalezi ezimbili.

• I-Marasmus: Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, lesi yisimo lapho zonke izakhamzimba ezibalulekile (ama-carbohydrate, amafutha, namaprotheni) zincipha khona. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inani lamakhalori elidliwayo liyancipha. Umuntu one-marasmus uvame ukubonakala enciphile, enciphile, futhi omile .
• I-Kwashiorkor: Lokhu kubangelwa kakhulu ukuntuleka kwamaprotheni . Bangase bakwazi ukudla ama-carbohydrate (isinkwa, ilayisi, okusanhlamvu) kodwa hhayi ukudla okucebile ngamaprotheni (inhlanzi, inyama, amaqanda, udali). Isici esiphawulekayo se-kwashiorkor ukuvuvukala, okuwukuvuvukala komzimba okubangelwa ukugcinwa koketshezi. Isisu nobuso kuvuvukale kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, ku-marasmus, umzimba uba mncane, kanti ku-kwashiorkor, umzimba ungase ubonakale uvuvukele. Kokubili kuyingozi, kodwa indlela okwenzeka ngayo kanye nezimpawu kuhlukile kancane.

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yi-Marasmus?

Lesi simo se-marasmus singathinta noma ubani, okungukuthi, noma ubani ongondlekile kahle. Kodwa-ke, sivame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane, ikakhulukazi izinsana, ngoba imizimba yazo ikhula ngokushesha futhi zidinga amakhalori engeziwe.

Lesi simo sivame ukubonakalaEmazweni asathuthuka, ezindaweni lapho ubumpofu nokuntuleka kokudla kusakazeke khona. Futhi, izimuncagazi nezifo ezahlukahlukene ezithelelanayo zingaba nomthelela kulesi simo ngokuqeda amandla omzimba. Kwezinye izindawo zaseSri Lanka, kunemindeni engakwazi ukukhokhela ukudla okulinganiselayo ngenxa yobunzima bezomnotho. Abantu abanjalo basengozini enkulu.

Ngisho nasemazweni athuthukile, le ngozi ikhona kubantu asebekhulile abasemakhaya asebekhulile noma ezibhedlela, noma kubantu asebekhulile abahlala bodwa futhi abangenalo ukwesekwa okutheni .

Kwenzekani emzimbeni uma usesimweni se-marasmus?

Uma umzimba ulambile amandla avela ekudleni, umzimba wenza into emangalisayo (kodwa eyingozi). Uqala ukuphula izicubu zawo ukuze uthole amandla. Into yokuqala ephula izicubu zamafutha (sikubiza ngokuthi uwoyela). Bese imisipha iqala ukuphula.

Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa umzimba unciphisa kancane kancane eminye yemisebenzi yawo ukuze wonge amandla.

• Umsebenzi wenhliziyo uyancipha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo liyancipha, umfutho wegazi uyancipha, kanye nokushisa komzimba kuyehla. Kwezinye izimo, lokhu kungaholela ngisho nasekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo.
• Isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sibuthakathaka. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu abahlushwa ukungondleki kahle basengozini yokutheleleka ngezifo ezahlukahlukene, futhi uma begula, kuthatha isikhathi eside ukululama.
• Ukukhula nokukhula kwezingane ezincane kuyancipha ngokuphelele. Zingase ziphazamiseke futhi zibe nokukhubazeka kwengqondo. Ngisho noma zelashwa, le miphumela ngezinye izikhathi ingahlala impilo yonke.
• Izingxenye zesimiso sokugaya ukudla ziqala ukuncipha ngoba azisetshenziswa kahle. Ingozi yalokhu ukuthi noma ungadla, ungase ungakwazi ukumunca kahle izakhamzimba ezivela kulokho kudla. Okumangalisayo ukuthi i-marasmus ngezinye izikhathi ingabangela ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla .

Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-Marasmus?

Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu. Ake sizihlukanise ngokweminyaka.

Izimbangela ezivamile ezithinta wonke umuntu:

• Ubumpofu kanye nokuntuleka kokudla: Lesi yisona sizathu esiyinhloko. Ukuntuleka kwamandla ezomnotho okuthola ukudla okunomsoco.
• Izifo eziqeda umzimba: Isibonelo, izifo ezifana `(AIDS)`.
• Izifo ezibangela isifo sohudo isikhathi eside: Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ngomzimba ukumunca izakhamzimba.
• Izinkinga zokudla ezifana ne-anorexia: Izimo ezibangelwa ukuzonda ukudla noma ukulahlekelwa ukulawula ukudla.

Izimbangela ezithinta kakhulu izingane:

• Izinsana ezingatholi ubisi lwebele olwanele noma ukuyeka ukuncelisa kusenesikhathi: Ubisi lwebele luwukudla okunempilo okungcono kakhulu kwezingane ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala.
• Ukunganaki noma ukuhlukumeza izingane: Izingane nazo zingase zingondlekile ngenxa yezizathu ezinjalo ezidabukisayo.

Izimbangela ezithinta abantu abadala:

• Izifo zokukhohlwa ezifana ne-dementia:Abantu abanalezi zifo bangase bangakhumbuli nokuthi badleni noma baphuze ini.
• Ukunganakwa noma ukuhlukunyezwa kwasebekhulile: Abantu asebekhulile abangakwazi ukuzinakekela basengozini.

Yiziphi izimpawu zangaphandle ze-Marasmus?

Kunezimpawu eziningana esingazibona uma sibona umuntu onalesi simo:

• Amafutha nenyama emzimbeni wakhe kwase kucishe kwancibilika ngokuphelele, futhi wayebukeka emncane kakhulu.
• Amathambo abonakala kahle.
• Ikhanda lingabonakala likhulu uma liqhathaniswa nomzimba.
• Ubuso bungabonakala budala futhi bushwabene.
• Isikhumba singase some futhi siwohloke. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-skin atrophy.
• Izinwele ziba zomile, ziqhekeke, futhi zingase ziphume ngisho nokuwa.
• Izindawo ezithambile phezulu kwamakhanda ezingane (ama-fontanelles) kungenzeka ukuthi zingene ngaphakathi.
• Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo, ukungabi nandaba, kanye nobuthakathaka.
• Ukulahlekelwa isisindo somzimba esingaphezu kuka-40%.
• Ukuba ne-Body Mass Index (BMI) engaphansi kuka-16. (I-BMI iyisilinganiso sokuthi unesisindo esinempilo yini ngobude bakho, kodwa akuyona yodwa isisekelo salokhu.)

Yiziphi ezinye izimpawu nezinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa ye-Marasmus?

Ngaphezu kwezimpawu zangaphandle, izinkinga eziningi zingavela nangaphakathi:

• Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni: Ukulahlekelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
• Ukungalingani kwama-electrolyte: Ama-electrolyte ayizinto ezifana nosawoti ezibalulekile ezintweni ezifana nokulinganisela kwamanzi kanye nokusebenza kwezinzwa emizimbeni yethu. Ubuningi noma ubuningi balezi zinto kungaba yingozi.
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi.
• Ukwehla kwesilinganiso senhliziyo.
• Ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba.
• Ukungamuncwa kahle kwesisu.
• Ukuncipha kokukhula.
• Ukulibaziseka kokukhula.
• I-anemia: Ukuntuleka kwegazi emzimbeni.
• Izifo ezibuthakathaka ngamathambo (i- Osteomalacia kubantu abadala, ama-Ricket ezinganeni).

Ungayibona kanjani i-Marasmus?

Into yokuqala odokotela abayenzayo ukuhlola isiguli ngokucophelela. Kunezimpawu ezithile ezibonisa i-marasmus, eyinhloko ukuthi amafutha nenyama emzimbeni kuye kwancibilika kuze kufike lapho iso lingabona khona. Laba bantu banciphile kakhulu futhi babukeka njengamathambo. Isikhumba singase sibonakale sishwabene futhi sigobile njengoba amafutha nemisipha engaphansi kwesikhumba ilahleka.

Ngaphezu kokubukeka, odokotela bazobheka nokuphakama kwesiguli, isisindo, kanye nobubanzi bengalo engenhla.Kulinganisiwe. Kusetshenziswa amathebula ahlukahlukene ajwayelekile ukunquma ukuthi umuntu unesisindo esifanele iminyaka yakhe nobude bakhe. I-Marasmus yisimo esingaphansi kakhulu kwesilinganiso esijwayelekile sala mathebula. Isibonelo, i-body mass index (BMI) abantu abaningi abayaziyo ingaphansi kuka-16. Lezi zilinganiso zisetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa nokuhlola ubukhali besimo.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisetshenziswa ukuxilonga i-Marasmus?

Ukuxilongwa kusekelwe kakhulu ekulinganisweni komzimba. Ubukhulu bokungondleki kahle buhlolwa ngezinto ezifana nobubanzi bengalo ephezulu kanye nesisindo sokuphakama. Ezinganeni, ukubambezeleka kokukhula kuhlonzwa ngokubheka ubude bazo ngokweminyaka. Odokotela bavame ukuhlonza i-marasmus ngokusekelwe ezicini zomzimba kuphela.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Lokhu kungasiza ekutholeni imiphumela yesibili ye-marasmus, njengokuntuleka kwamavithamini athile, amaminerali, ama-enzyme, kanye nama-electrolyte. Lolu lwazi lungasiza ekutholeni ukuthi yini okufanele uyinike ngesikhathi sokuncelisa futhi. Inani eliphelele legazi lingahlola futhi izifo ezingase zibangele noma zibe nomthelela ku-marasmus. Isampula yendle ingahlolwa futhi ukuze kutholakale izimuncagazi. Uma kukhona izifo, kufanele zelashwe ngokwehlukana.

Ungayiphatha kanjani i-Marasmus? (Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu!)

Kukhona into eyodwa okufanele uyiqaphele kakhulu lapho welapha i-marasmus. Leyo inkinga esongela impilo ebizwa ngokuthi "i-refeeding syndrome." Lena inkinga eyenzeka lapho umzimba ongondlekile kahle unikezwa ukudla okuningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngoba umzimba awukajwayele. Cabanga ngalokho okwenzekayo lapho umshini osebenze isikhathi eside unikezwa umthwalo osindayo ngokuzumayo.

Ngakho-ke, ukwelapha umuntu one-marasmus kuhilela izinyathelo eziningana, ngokucophelela okukhulu. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu kwelashwa esibhedlela, ngaphansi kokuqashwa okuseduze kodokotela nabahlengikazi. Abasebenzi bezokwelapha abaqeqeshwe kwi-refeeding syndrome bangakuvimbela ukuthi kungenzeki, noma uma kwenzeka, bangayiphatha ngokushesha ngokufaka esikhundleni sama-electrolyte anciphile kanye nezakhamzimba ezincane.

Isigaba Sokuqala: Ukuqinisa Umzimba Nokwelapha Ukuphelelwa Amanzi Emzimbeni

Isigaba sokuqala sokwelashwa sigxile ekwelapheni ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ukulungisa ukungalingani kwama-electrolyte, kanye nokubhekana nokuntuleka kwezakhamzimba ezincane. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukulungiselela umzimba ukudla kabusha. Ngokuvamile, kusetshenziswa ikhambi elifanayo kuzo zonke lezi, ikhambi elikhethekile lokubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni ngenxa yokungondleki kahle (REhydration SOlution for MALnutrition - ReSoMal). Lokhu kunganikezwa ngomlomo noma ngepayipi le-nasogastric.

Futhi, ukugcina isiguli sifudumele kubaluleke kakhulu.Ngoba izinga lokushisa lomzimba lingehla futhi libangele i-hypothermia. Noma yikuphi ukutheleleka kuyalashwa, ngoba ukutheleleka kwenza buthaka kakhulu isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Kuye ngesimo sesiguli, kungathatha amahora amaningana, noma ngisho nezinsuku, ukuthi umzimba uzinze ngokwanele ukuze uqalise ukudla.

Isigaba sesibili: ukubuyisela ukudla okunempilo

Ukuphakela kabusha umntwana kuqala kancane kakhulu, ngokudla okumanzi. Lokhu kudla kulinganiswa kahle ngokwe-carbohydrate, amaprotheni namafutha. Odokotela bakhetha ukunikeza ukudla ngamapayipi kubantu abasesibhedlela. Lokhu kuvumela ukuphakelwa kancane kancane, kodwa okuqhubekayo kwezakhamzimba.

Ekuqaleni, amakhalori anikezwa cishe u-70% wesilinganiso sansuku zonke esinconywayo somuntu onaleyo minyaka. Leli nani liyandiswa kancane kancane. Uma ingane ikhula kancane, amakhalori angandiswa afike ku-140% wesilinganiso sansuku zonke esinconywayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zayo zokukhula. Lesi sigaba singahlala kusukela emavikini amabili kuya kwayisithupha. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, isiguli sinikezwa kancane kancane ukudla okuqinile okuvamile ngomlomo.

Isigaba Sesithathu: Ukulandelela Nokuvimbela Ukubuyela Emuva

I-Marasmus iyisimo esibuyela emuva, ngakho uhlelo lokwelashwa oluphelele luhlanganisa imfundo kanye nokusekelwa okuqhubekayo kwesiguli kanye/noma umnakekeli waso ngaphambi kokuba isiguli sikhishwe esibhedlela .

Ezweni elithuthukayo njengeSri Lanka, lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukuqwashisa ngokubaluleka kokuncelisa, ukunikeza izeluleko ngamanzi okuphuza aphephile kanye nezindlela ezifanele zokulungiselela ukudla, ukunikeza imijovo, kanye nokufundisa ngokuvimbela izifo ezivamile. Ezweni elithuthukile, abanakekeli bangadinga isiqondiso sendlela yokubona izimpawu zokungondleki kahle kulabo ababanakekelayo. Amathuluzi anjenge-Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) angasiza ekuboneni labo abasengozini yokungondleki kahle.

Ungayivimbela kanjani i-Marasmus?

Singasiza ekuvimbeleni i-marasmus ngokukhulumela imiphakathi yethu, ikakhulukazi izingane kanye nabantu abadala (ikakhulukazi labo abasezibhedlela nasemakhaya asebekhulile) abangakwazi ukukhulumela izidingo zabo.

Emhlabeni jikelele, i-marasmus ingavinjelwa ngokuthi:

• Sidinga ukulwa nobumpofu.
• "Izindawo zokudla ezingenalutho" lapho ukudla okunomsoco kungatholakali kalula khona kumele kuqedwe.
• Imfundo yokudla okunempilo idinga ukuthuthukiswa.
• Sidinga ukulawula izifo ezithelelanayo ezisakazekile.
• Izindawo zokuhlanzeka zidinga ukuthuthukiswa emazweni asathuthuka.
• Ukunakekelwa kwasebekhulile kudinga ukuthuthukiswa emazweni athuthukile.

Kungenzeka yini ukululama ngokuphelele ku-Marasmus?

I-marasmus ivame ukuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingu-42 ukuze ilulame. Ngemva kokwelashwa, labo abathuthela endaweni enezinsiza nokunakekelwa okudingekayo ukuze balondoloze impilo enhle cishe bangalulama ngokugcwele.Nakuba izingane eziningi zibonakala zikhula kahle, kusaqhutshwa izifundo ngale miphumela yesikhathi eside. Ukuqhubeka nokuphuza izithasiselo zamavithamini namaminerali kungasiza.

I-marasmus ibangelwa ukuntuleka kwama-calories aphelele. Ukuntuleka kokudla kwanele ukuyibangela. Kodwa imiphumela yayo iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngoba i-marasmus ayiyona nje indlala - iwuchungechunge lwezindlela umzimba ozenza ukuze usinde endlaleni. Kuthatha isikhathi nokunakekela ukuguqula lezo zindlela zokuguqula nokubuyisela impilo iyonke. Kodwa ngalezo zinsiza, abantu bangalulama ngezindlela ezimangalisayo.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

• I-Marasmus yisimo esibi kakhulu sokungondleki kahle. Kusho ukuntuleka ngokuzumayo kwazo zonke izakhamzimba ezidingwa ngumzimba.
• Lokhu kungathinta ikakhulukazi izingane ezincane kanye nabantu asebekhulile .
• Izimpawu eziyinhloko umzimba omncane ngendlela engavamile, ukukhula okuphazamisekile, kanye nokugula okuvamile .
• Kukhona ukwelashwa kwalokhu, kodwa kudingeka kwenziwe esibhedlela, ngaphansi kokuqashwa kwezokwelapha, ngezigaba eziningana.
• Kudingeka uqaphele nge-refeeding syndrome.
• Ubumpofu, ukushoda kokudla, kanye nokuntuleka kolwazi ngokudla okunempilo yizona zizathu eziyinhloko zalokhu.
• Lesi simo singavinjelwa ngokudla okunempilo, inhlanzeko, kanye nokusekelwa ezingeni lomphakathi .

Uma usola ukuthi wena noma othile omaziyo unalezi zimpawu, sicela ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungaholela emiphumeleni engcono kakhulu.

Ukungondleki kahle , i-marasmus, ukonga, ukungondleki kahle ezinganeni, ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo, ukuntuleka kwamandla, ukuntuleka kwamaprotheni