Wake waphawula ukuthi i-mole esikhumbeni sakho isikhule kakhulu futhi ishintshe umbala? Noma wake waphawula indawo entsha emnyama engakaze ibe khona ngaphambili? Isikhathi esiningi, lezi zimabala nje ezivamile. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezingavamile, lezi zinguquko ezincane zingaba uphawu lokuqala lwesifo esiyingozi okungafanele singasinaki. Yingakho namuhla sizokhuluma ngesihloko esibaluleke kakhulu. Leyo yi-melanoma, uhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba. Ungesabi uma uzwa leli gama. Uma sazi kahle ngalokhu, singazivikela kukho futhi sikubone kusenesikhathi futhi sikwelaphe.
Kalula nje, iyini i-melanoma?
I-Melanoma ibhekwa njengohlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba oluyingozi kakhulu nolunzima kakhulu . Kusho ukuthi "isimila esimnyama." Lo mdlavuza uvela kumaseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-melanocytes, okungamaseli anika isikhumba sethu umbala waso. Lawa maseli akhiqiza umbala obizwa ngokuthi i-melanin. Yilo mbala onquma umbala wesikhumba sethu, izinwele kanye namehlo.
I-Melanoma ivame ukubonakala imnyama noma insundu, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ingabonakala iphinki, ibomvu, insomi, noma ngisho nombala wesikhumba.
Cabanga nje, cishe ama-30% ama-melanoma akhula ngenxa yophawu lokuzalwa esinalo kakade emizimbeni yethu. Lokho kusho ukuthi uphawu lokuzalwa luphenduka umdlavuza. Kodwa okuyingozi nakakhulu ukuthi ama-70% ama-melanoma akhula ngenxa yophawu olusha esikhumbeni esivamile esingakaze sibe nophawu lokuzalwa ngaphambili. Yingakho kudingeka siqaphele kakhulu ngama-moles amasha emizimbeni yethu.
Lo mdlavuza ungakhula ngokushesha kakhulu futhi usakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba (i-metastasis). Ngakho-ke, ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kungaba umehluko phakathi kokuphila nokufa. Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi uma utholakala kusenesikhathi, ungelapheka kuma-99% amacala .
Ivame kangakanani i-melanoma? Ubani osengozini enkulu?
Nakuba i-melanoma ibangela u-1% kuphela wabo bonke umdlavuza wesikhumba obikwe emhlabeni wonke, iyimbangela yenani elikhulu kakhulu lokufa ngenxa yomdlavuza wesikhumba. Ivame kakhulu entsheni engaphansi kweminyaka engama-30, futhi ivame kakhulu kwabesifazane abasebasha .
Inani lamacala e-melanoma likhuphuke kakhulu emhlabeni wonke eminyakeni engama-30 edlule. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu sitholakale njengokwanda kokuchayeka emisebeni ye-ultraviolet (UV) evela elangeni. Sihlala ezweni elinokukhanya kwelanga okukhulu njengelethu, kufanele sicabange kabili ngalokhu.
I-Melanoma ingakhula noma kuphi emzimbeni wakho. Ingakhula ngaphakathi kwamehlo noma ngisho nasezithweni zangaphakathi. Amadoda anamathuba amaningi okuyithola esifubeni, esiswini, nasemhlane ongaphezulu (isiqu), kuyilapho abesifazane benamathuba amaningi okuyithola emilenzeni yabo.
Ungayibona kanjani i-melanoma? Khumbula umthetho othi "ABCDE"!
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu kusenesikhathi. Kunendlela elula kakhulu yokusisiza ngalokho. Ibizwa ngokuthi umthetho we-"ABCDE" . Hlola njalo ukuthi kukhona yini ama-moles noma ama-birthmark esikhumbeni sakho abonisa lezi zici.
| Incwadi | Incazelo | Okufanele ukuqaphele |
|---|---|---|
| A - Ukungalingani | Ukungalingani | Uma uhlukanisa indawo phakathi, uhlangothi olulodwa alufani nolunye. Isimo asijwayelekile. |
| B - Umngcele | Umphetho | Unqenqema lwe-mole alucacile. Luqinile, lunamaqhubu, noma lubonakala sengathi lungene ngaphakathi kwezinye izindawo. |
| C - Umbala | Umbala | Leli bala alifani lonke ngombala. Libukeka njengengxube yemibala efana nonsundu, omnyama, ompunga, obomvu, nomhlophe. |
| D - Ububanzi | Ububanzi | Ububanzi bendawo bungaphezu kwamamilimitha ayi-6 (cishe usayizi werabha ngakolunye uhlangothi lwepensela). |
| E - Ukuthuthuka | Ushintsho | Imvukuzane iyashintsha ngobukhulu, ukuma, noma umbala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kusebenza futhi kumamvukuzane asanda kuvela. |
Okubaluleke kakhulu, amanye ama-melanoma awahambisani nalo mthetho we-"ABCDE". Ngakho-ke, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma ubona isilonda esingapholi, iqhubu elingavamile, noma noma yiziphi izinguquko esikhumbeni sakho noma uphawu lokuzalwa.
Enye into "uphawu lwedada elibi." Okusho ukuthi, uma unebala emzimbeni wakho elibukeka lihlukile kuzo zonke ezinye izindawo emzimbeni wakho, libukeka lihlukile, futhi likwenza ucabange ukuthi, "Leli lihlukile kwezinye," kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhombisa lokho kudokotela.
Kungani i-melanoma ikhula? Yiziphi izici eziyingozi?
Ochwepheshe abaningi bayavuma ukuthi isici esiyinhloko sengozi ye-melanoma ukuchayeka elangeni ngokweqile , ikakhulukazi ebuntwaneni, kuze kufike ezingeni lokushiswa yilanga nokuqhakaza. Ngokusho kwemibiko, ama-86% ama-melanoma abangelwa imisebe ye-UV yelanga.
Kalula nje, imisebe ye-UV ingalimaza i-DNA emaseli esikhumba sethu. Umdlavuza uvela lapho amangqamuzana anale DNA eyonakele eqala ukuhlukana. I-World Health Organization iphinde yahlukanisa imisebe ye-UV evela emibhedeni yokushiswa kwesikhumba njengebangela umdlavuza.
Nakuba noma ubani angaba ne-melanoma, abantu abalandelayo basengozini enkulu:
- Kulabo abake baba ne-melanoma ngaphambilini.
- Uma othile emndenini (umama, ubaba, abafowabo nodadewabo) eke waba ne-melanoma.
- Kulabo abanesikhumba esikhanyayo, amabala anombala, izinwele ezimhloshana noma ezibomvu, namehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka .
- Kulabo abachayeke kakhulu elangeni, ikakhulukazi labo abashiswa yilanga.
- Kulabo abahlala eduze kwenkabazwe noma ezindaweni eziphakeme (ukuchayeka kakhulu emisebeni ye-UV).
- Kubantu abanezimpawu zokuzalwa eziningi emizimbeni yabo, ikakhulukazi labo abanezimo ezingavamile (ezingavamile).
- Kulabo abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka (isib. labo abaye bafakelwa izitho zomzimba).
Okubalulekile: I-Melanoma ivame kakhulu kubantu abanesikhumba esikhanyayo, kodwa ingenzeka nakubantu abanesikhumba esimnyama. I-Melanoma ivame kakhulu kubantu abanesikhumba esimnyama ezintendeni zezandla, ezinyaweni nasezinzipho. Ngakho-ke qaphela lezi zindawo futhi.
Udokotela uyixilonga kanjani i-melanoma?
Uma une-mole esolisayo, udokotela wakho uzoqala ayihlole ngokucophelela. Ngemuva kwalokho, uma bedinga ukuqinisekisa ukusola okwengeziwe, bazosusa ingxenye noma yonke i-mole ngenqubo encane yokuhlinzwa bese beyithumela elabhorethri ukuze ihlolwe. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-biopsy . Lena yindlela abayibheka ngayo ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze babone ukuthi inamangqamuzana omdlavuza.
Uma i-biopsy iqinisekisa ukuthi iyi-melanoma, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani nokuthi usujule kangakanani. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-staging . Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuhleleni ukwelashwa. Ubukhulu bomdlavuza yisona sici esibaluleke kakhulu ekubikezeleni umphumela.
Izigaba eziyinhloko ze-melanoma zihlukaniswe kanje:
| Isigaba Somdlavuza | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Isigaba 0 | Umdlavuza usengqimbeni ephezulu yesikhumba (i-epidermis). Awukasabalali. |
| Isigaba I | Umdlavuza onengozi encane. Akukho bufakazi bokuthi usakazekile. Ungelapheka ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa. |
| Isigaba II | Ingozi yokuphinda ivele iphezulu kancane, kodwa abukho ubufakazi bokuthi isakazekile okwamanje. |
| Isigaba III | Umdlavuza ususakazekele kuma-lymph node aseduze noma esikhumbeni esizungezile. |
| Isigaba IV | Umdlavuza ususakazekele kuma-lymph node akude, esikhumbeni, noma ezithweni zangaphakathi (amaphaphu, isibindi, ubuchopho). |
Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuze kutholakale ithuba?
Odokotela bangase batuse ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuze bathole ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke ngempela yini.
- I-Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kokubona ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele yini kuma-lymph node.
- I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography - i-CT scan):Hlola umdlavuza ezithweni zangaphakathi zomzimba.
- Ukuskena kwe-MRI (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Ukuskena kwe-MRI): Ukuhlola izimila ezinomdlavuza ebuchosheni noma emgogodleni.
- Ukuskena kwe-PET (i-Positron Emission Tomography - ukuskena kwe-PET): Ukubona ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele yini ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukulinganisa izinto ezithile egazini (isib. i-LDH - i-Lactate Dehydrogenase) kunganikeza umbono ngesimo somdlavuza.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-melanoma?
Ukwelashwa okutholayo kuzoncika esigabeni somdlavuza wakho kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.
Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko ezigabeni zokuqala ukususa umdlavuza ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kuhilela ukusika indawo enomdlavuza kanye nendawo encane yesikhumba esinempilo esizungezile. Ezimweni eziningi, lena inqubo elula engenziwa ehhovisi likadokotela wesikhumba ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia.
Ezimweni ezithuthukile lapho umdlavuza ususakazeke khona, kungase kudingeke ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ngaphezu kokuhlinzwa.
- Ukususwa kwe-lymphadenectomy: Uma umdlavuza ususakazekele kuma-lymph node, lawo ma-lymph node ayasuswa ngokuhlinzwa.
- Ukwelashwa komdlavuza okuqondiwe: Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ekhethekile ehlasela amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuphela. Lokhu akulimazi amangqamuzana anempilo.
- Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe: Ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza kusetshenziswa imisebe enamandla aphezulu.
- Ukwelashwa Ngezifo Ezingalawuleki: Ukuvuselela amasosha omzimba wethu ukuze alwe nomdlavuza.
Ungazivikela kanjani ku-melanoma?
Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuze sizivikele kulo mdlavuza oyingozi.
- Gwema ukukhanya kwelanga okukhulu, ikakhulukazi phakathi kuka-10 ekuseni no-4 ntambama, futhi uhlale emthunzini ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Faka i-sunscreen. Sebenzisa i-wide-spectrum (evikela kokubili i-UVA ne-UVB) ye-sunscreen ene-SPF engu-30 noma ngaphezulu noma nini lapho uphuma ngaphandle, ngisho nangosuku olunamafu. Phinda ufake njalo emahoreni angu-1.5. Phinda ufake kaningi uma ujuluka noma ubhukuda.
- Gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela. Gqoka izigqoko ezinemiphetho ebanzi, izibuko zelanga, izingubo ezinemikhono emide, kanye namabhulukwe amade.
- Gwema ngokuphelele imibhede yokushiswa kwesikhumba.
- Sebenzisa i-lip balm equkethe ne-sunscreen yezindebe zakho.
- Faka umuthi wokuvikela ilanga ezinganeni ezingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Melanoma uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu lomdlavuza wesikhumba, kodwa uma lutholakala kusenesikhathi, luyelapheka ngo-99%.
- Hlola isikhumba sakho njalo. Qaphela noma yiziphi izinguquko ngobukhulu, ukuma, noma umbala we-mole noma indawo entsha. Khumbula umthetho othi "ABCDE".
- Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-melanoma ukuzivikela emisebeni yelanga. Sebenzisa isithako sokuvikela ilanga nsuku zonke.
- Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezisolisayo esikhumbeni sakho, ungakuzibi. Ungesabi. Bonana nodokotela womndeni wakho ngokushesha okukhulu bese uhlolwa. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela.
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