Kuyini i-Multiple Myeloma? Ake sixoxe ngalesi sifo esibi kakhulu!

Wake wezwa ngesifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Multiple Myeloma? Mhlawumbe igama lizwakala lingavamile kuwe, noma mhlawumbe awukaze uzwe ngalo nhlobo. Empeleni umdlavuza ongavamile, kodwa onzima othinta igazi lethu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela, ngoba ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kungakusiza ukuthi uphathe izimpawu zakho futhi uphile impilo yakho engcono kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.

Kuyini i-Multiple Myeloma?

Kulungile, ake sibone ukuthi iyini le multiple myeloma. Kalula nje, umdlavuza okhula ohlotsheni lweseli olubizwa ngokuthi amaseli e-plasma egazini lethu.

Manje ungase uzibuze, "Ayini lawa maseli e-plasma?" Lawa uhlobo lwamaseli amhlophe egazi emzimbeni wethu. Ukuze sichaze kabanzi, ayingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela , uhlelo olusivikela ezifweni. Ngezinye izikhathi lawa abizwa nangokuthi amaseli e-B . Lawa maseli e-plasma yiwo enza ama-antibodies , noma ama-immunoglobulins . Lawa ma-antibodies yiwo alwa namagciwane, amabhaktheriya, namagciwane angena emizimbeni yethu futhi asivikele ekuguleni. Afana nabaqaphi abancane emizimbeni yethu.

Ngakho-ke, lapho kuvela i-myeloma eminingi, lawa maseli e-plasma aphilile futhi amahle ayashintsha ngesizathu esithile abe amangqamuzana omdlavuza angajwayelekile . Bese lawa maseli angajwayelekile aqala ukuhlukana futhi aphindaphindeke ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokulawula. Amaseli e-plasma angajwayelekile akhula ngale ndlela nawo akhiqiza ama-antibodies angajwayelekile, angenamsebenzi. Siwabiza lawa ma-protein e-M .

Lawa maseli angajwayelekile ayaphindaphindeka futhi akhiqize amaprotheni e-M, angabangela izinkinga. Angalimaza amathambo akho futhi athinte ukusebenza kwezinso zakho. Angaphazamisa nekhono lomnkantsha lokukhiqiza amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi anempilo, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, nama -platelet, okusiza ukugoba kwegazi.

Ingabe lesi isifo esingelapheki?

Eqinisweni, okwamanje alikho ikhambi le-Multiple Myeloma. Lelo yiqiniso elibuhlungu. Kodwa ungakhathazeki , odokotela bangelapha imiphumela emibi kanye nezimpawu zalesi sifo. Banganciphisa nokusabalala kwesifo.

Abantu abaningi bangaba nesikhathi sokululama ngaphandle kwezimpawu ngemva kokwelashwa. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi isikhathi sokuphumula . Okusho ukuthi, ngemva kokwelashwa, ungaphila ngokujwayelekile ngaphandle kwezimpawu ze-multiple myeloma. Kwabanye abantu, lesi sikhathi sokuphumula sihlala isikhathi eside.

Ivame kangakanani i-Multiple Myeloma?

Lesi yisifo esingavamile ngempela.Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi cishe abantu abayi-7 kwabayi-100,000 bathinteka yilesi sifo minyaka yonke. Ezweni elifana neMelika, kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe abantu abayi-100,000 bahlushwa yilesi sifo. Nakuba kungekho datha eqondile yokuthi bangaki abantu abathintekayo ezweni lethu, lesi sithathwa njengesifo esingavamile kakhulu.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi sifo?

I-multiple myeloma ivame kakhulu kwabesilisa kunakwabesifazane . Kutholakale nokuthi ithinta amaqembu athile ezinhlanga kakhulu kunamanye. Isibonelo, abantu abamnyama banamathuba aphindwe kabili okuthola lesi sifo kunabantu abamhlophe.

Ngokuphathelene nobudala, kuvame ukutholakala kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-40 no-70. Isilinganiso sobudala lapho kutholakala lesi sifo siphakathi kweminyaka engu-65 no-74. Lokho kusho ukuthi sivame ukuvela uma ukhula kancane.

I-Multiple Myeloma ithinta kanjani umzimba?

Abanye abantu bangase bangabi nazimpawu ekuqaleni, kodwa izinto ezifana nokuhlolwa kwegazi zingabonisa izimpawu zokuthi bangase babe ne-multiple myeloma esikhathini esizayo.

Isibonelo, ukufuthwa komnkantsha noma i-biopsy kungabonisa amaseli e-plasma angajwayelekile kanye nokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo. Lokhu kungasho ukuthi unesifo sangaphambi komdlavuza esibizwa ngokuthi i-smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) , esiyisandulela se-multiple myeloma. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo nakho kungabona amaprotheni e-M akhiqizwa amaseli e-plasma angajwayelekile. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) . Odokotela bazokuqapha eduze lokhu.

Izimpawu ze-multiple myeloma zivela kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Zingase zifane nezimpawu zezinye izifo. Nazi izimo eziyinhloko ezingabangelwa yilesi sifo kanye nezimbangela zazo:

• I-anemia: Ukuntuleka kwamaseli akho abomvu egazi. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba amaseli e-plasma angajwayelekile agcwalisa umongo wamathambo, okuwuvimbela ekukhiqizeni amaseli abomvu egazi anempilo.
• Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, ikakhulukazi i-pneumonia: Ngaphezu kwamaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli e-plasma angajwayelekile ayanda ngenani, okucindezela amaseli amhlophe egazi anempilo alwa nokutheleleka. Lokhu kungenza kube lula ukuthi ukutheleleka kukhule.
• I-Thrombocytopenia: Inani eliphansi lama-platelet egazini lakho. Ama-platelet amaseli asiza ukujiya kwegazi lakho. Amaseli e-plasma angajwayelekile nawo angaphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwala ma-platelet.
• Ubuhlungu bethambo/ukuphuka kwethambo:Amaseli e-plasma angavamile abhubhisa izicubu zamathambo, okwenza amathambo abe buthakathaka, abe buhlungu, futhi aphuke kalula. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi izilonda ze-osteolytic .
• Izinkinga/ukwehluleka kwezinso: Izinso zethu zinomthwalo wokuhlunga imfucuza kanye nobuthi emizimbeni yethu. Amaprotheni e-M angaphazamisa inqubo yokuhlunga izinso futhi azilimaze.
• I-Amyloidosis: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amaprotheni angajwayelekile (amaprotheni e-amyloid) efakwa ezithweni ezahlukahlukene zomzimba.
• I-Hypercalcemia: I-calcium eningi evela emathanjeni alimele, abuthakathaka iqoqana egazini.
• I-Hyperviscosity syndrome: Amaprotheni e-M abangela ukuba igazi lijiye, okusho ukuthi inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima ukupompa igazi.
• I-Cryoglobulinemia: I-myeloma eminingi ngezinye izikhathi ingabangela amaprotheni egazini ukuthi ahlangane ndawonye emakhazeni.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Multiple Myeloma?

I-multiple myeloma ingadala izimpawu ezahlukahlukene. Kodwa abantu abaningi baqala ukuzwa ubuhlungu emathanjeni , ikakhulukazi emgogodleni nasezimbanjeni. Nazi ezinye izimpawu:

• Ubuthakathaka kanye nokuba ndikindiki ezithweni. Uma amathambo omgogodla onakele, angawa bese ecindezela umgogodla.
• Ukukhathala - Lokhu kusho ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke, uzizwe ubuthakathaka. Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokuntuleka kwegazi emzimbeni.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza . Lokhu kungaba uphawu lwesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-hypercalcemia.
• Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla kanye/noma ukuzizwa womile kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Lokhu kungaba futhi izimpawu ze-hypercalcemia.
• Ukwehlisa isisindo okungachazeki .
• Umkhuhlane ongachazeki . Lokhu kungaba uphawu lokutheleleka ngamagciwane.
• Ukuphuka noma ukuphuma kwegazi okulula. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umzimba awukwazi ukwenza ama-platelet anele ngenxa yamaseli e-plasma angajwayelekile.
• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo , ukungakwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo, ukuzizwa "unenkungu".

Khumbula, ukuba nesinye noma ezimbili zalezi zimpawu akusho ukuthi une-multiple myeloma. Kodwa-ke, uma lezi zimpawu ziqhubeka, kungcono ukubona udokotela bese uhlolwa.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-Multiple Myeloma?

Odokotela nabacwaningi abakakazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela i-multiple myeloma, kodwa kunezinto ezithile abazisolayo futhi abazicwaningayo:

• Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo: Ucwaningo lwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuthi kukhona yini ukuxhumana phakathi kokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezithile ( i-oncogenes ) ezilawula ukukhula kwamaseli ethu kanye ne-multiple myeloma. Kutholakale nokuthi abantu abaningi abanalesi sifo banezingxenye ezingekho zama-chromosome athile.
• Izici zemvelo: Ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuthi ukuchayeka emisebeni, ezibulala-zinambuzane, kumanyolo, nakumakhemikhali afana ne-Agent Orange nakho kungahileleka.
• Ukuba nesifo sokuvuvukala: Isibonelo, izimo zokuvuvukala zesikhathi eside njengesifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kanye nesifo samathambo esibizwa ngokuthi i-rheumatoid arthritis.
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile: Lokhu kusho ukuba namafutha amaningi emzimbeni.

Lezi yizinto ezisolwayo njengamanje. Kodwa akukho neyodwa kulezi eseyimbangela.

Odokotela basithola kanjani lesi sifo?

Udokotela ulandela izinyathelo eziningana ukuze axilonge i-multiple myeloma.

Okokuqala, uzohlolwa ngokomzimba . Izimpawu zakho zizohlolwa ngokucophelela. Uzobuzwa futhi ngomlando wezokwelapha womndeni wakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, kungase kwenziwe izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Ulwazi olutholakala kukho konke lokhu luzonquma isigaba somdlavuza, njengobukhulu besimila nokuthi sisakazeke kangakanani.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ngalokhu?

Odokotela benza izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene ukuze bathole ukuthi une-myeloma eminingi, futhi uma kunjalo, ukuthi isesigabeni sayo sokuqala noma isisabalale ngandlela thile. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Ukubalwa Kwegazi Okuphelele (i-CBC): Lokhu kulinganisa inani lamaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, kanye nenani le-hemoglobin kumaseli akho abomvu egazi.
• Ukuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali egazini: Lokhu kuzohlola izinga lakho le-creatinine (elilinganisa ukuthi izinso zakho zisebenza kahle kangakanani), izinga le-albhamuin protein, izinga le-calcium, kanye nezinga le-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). I-LDH ingaba uphawu lwesimila.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-immunoglobulin okulinganiselwe: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kulinganisa amazinga ezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-antibodies egazini lakho.
• I-Electrophoresis: Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlola ukuba khona kwamaprotheni e-M egazini.
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo: Isampula yomchamo eqoqwe esikhathini samahora angama-24 iyahlolwa,Ungahlola enye iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi iphrotheni ye-Bence Jones, okuwuphawu lwe-multiple myeloma.
• Ama-X-ray: Ama-X-ray asetshenziselwa ukubona ukuthi i-myeloma eminingi yonakalise amathambo.
• I-CT Scan (I-Computed Tomography - I-CT scan): Lokhu kungenye indlela yokuhlola umonakalo wamathambo.
• I-MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI): Lokhu kusebenzisa i-magnet enamandla namagagasi omsakazo ukwenza izithombe ezinemininingwane zamathambo akho nomgogodla. Kusetshenziselwa ukufuna izinto ezifana ne -plasmacytomas , okuyizimila ezakha amaqoqo amaseli e-plasma angajwayelekile.
• Ukuskena kwe-PET (i-Positron Emission Tomography - ukuskena kwe-PET): Lolu olunye uhlobo lokuskena olusetshenziselwa ukuthola ama-plasmacytomas.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-bone marrow biopsies: Odokotela bathatha isampula encane ye-bone marrow bese beyihlaziya ukuze babone iphesenti lamaseli e-plasma ajwayelekile nangavamile. Bangahlola nezinguquko ku-DNA ezingaholela kumdlavuza.

Zinqunywa kanjani izigaba ze-Multiple Myeloma?

Odokotela banquma isigaba se-multiple myeloma kanye neminye imidlavuza ngokuthola ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani nokuthi ususakazeke kangakanani. Lesi sigaba sisetshenziselwa ukuhlela ukwelashwa. Inqubo yokunquma isigaba se-multiple myeloma iqala ngokuhlela lesi sifo sibe esinye sezigaba ezine:

1. I-MGUS (i-Monoclonal Gammopathy enokubaluleka okungakacaci): Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kubonisa inani elincane le-M protein. Cishe u-1% - 2% wabantu abane-MGUS bangase babe ne-multiple myeloma.

2. Ama-plasmacytoma azimele noma ahlukanisiwe: Lawa amaqoqo amaseli e-plasma angajwayelekile akha ngawodwa, endaweni eyodwa.

3. I-SMM (i-Smoldering Multiple Myeloma): Lesi yisimo sangaphambi komdlavuza esandulela i-Multiple Myeloma. Abantu abane-SMM bangase babe nezimpawu ezincane, futhi babonise inani elincane le-M protein egazini kanye nokwanda kwamaseli e-plasma emnkantsheni wethambo.

4. I-Multiple Myeloma: Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kusho ukuthi ukuhlolwa kubonisa amaqoqo amaningi amaseli e-plasma angajwayelekile, amazinga aphezulu e-M protein egazini noma emchameni, kanye nephesenti eliphezulu lamaseli e-plasma angajwayelekile emnkantsheni wamathambo. Laba bantu bavame ukuba ne-anemia, i-hypercalcemia, ukwehluleka kwezinso, kanye nezilonda ze-osteolytic.

Bese, odokotela basebenzisa i-Revised International Staging System (R-ISS).Isigaba se-multiple myeloma sinqunywa kusetshenziswa indlela ebizwa ngokuthi uhlelo lwe-R-ISS. Lolu hlelo lusekelwe emazingeni e-albumin, i-beta-2 microglobulin, kanye ne-lactate dehydrogenase egazini. Luphinde lucabangele ukuhlolwa kokuphazamiseka okuthile kwezakhi zofuzo.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-Multiple Myeloma?

Odokotela belapha i-multiple myeloma ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho kanye nobukhulu besifo. Isibonelo, abantu abane-MGUS ngokuvamile abadingi ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Kodwa udokotela wabo uzoqapha impilo yabo njalo. Bangakha nohlelo lokwelashwa ukuze bathathe isinyathelo ngokushesha uma izimpawu zivela.

Uma unezimpawu ze-multiple myeloma, odokotela bangase basebenzise lezi zindlela zokwelapha:

• Imithi yobuhlungu: Abantu abaningi bayayidinga le mithi ngoba bazwa ubuhlungu obukhulu emathanjeni.
• Ama-antibiotic: Njengoba amasosha omzimba eba buthaka, amathuba okutheleleka aba maningi. Udokotela wakho angase akunike ama-antibiotic ukwelapha la magciwane.
• Ama-Steroids: Ama-Steroids, uma enikezwa ngemithamo ephezulu, angabulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi anciphise ukuvuvukala.
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa inani lamaseli e-plasma angajwayelekile.
• Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy: Lokhu kwelashwa kuvuselela amasosha omzimba wakho ukuze enze amaseli amaningi alwa nomdlavuza.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Lokhu kwelashwa kubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi kunciphise izimila zamathambo.
• Ukufakelwa kwamaseli e-stem: Amaseli e-stem awuhlobo lwamaseli akhethekile atholakala emnkantsheni noma egazini lethu. Angasiza ekwakheni amaseli e-plasma amasha, anempilo. Odokotela bavame ukuncoma ukufakelwa kwamaseli e-stem e-autologous . Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa amaseli e-stem anempilo avela emzimbeni wakho ukuze athathe indawo yamaseli e-stem alimele noma angenampilo. Akuvamile ukuthi amaseli e-stem anempilo atholakale komunye umnikeli. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukufakelwa kwamaseli e-stem e-allogenic .

Ungaphila isikhathi esingakanani ne-Multiple Myeloma?

Abanye abantu baphila ne-multiple myeloma iminyaka eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu. Njengakwabanye abantu abanomdlavuza, ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile.Yilokhu okusiza abantu baphile isikhathi eside. Isibonelo, cishe abantu abangu-78% abane-plasmacytoma eyodwa basaphila iminyaka emihlanu ngemva kokuxilongwa. Izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu kubantu abane-multiple myeloma lisukela ku-40% kuya ku-82%. Lezi zibalo zisekelwe ohlelweni lwe-R-ISS olushiwo ngaphambilini.

Kodwa khumbula, lezi zinombolo ziyisilinganiso. Azinaki iminyaka yakho noma impilo yakho iyonke, okuyinto yomuntu siqu. Uma une-multiple myeloma, udokotela wakho angakunikeza ulwazi olungcono kakhulu ngesimo sakho.

Ingabe lokhu kungavinjelwa ukuthi kwenzeke?

Cha, okwamanje ayikho indlela yokuvimbela ukukhula kwe-multiple myeloma. Abacwaningi bazama ukuthola izindlela zokuvimba isigaba sangaphambi komdlavuza esibizwa ngokuthi i-SMM (Smoldering Multiple Myeloma) ekubeni yi-multiple myeloma esebenzayo.

Uzinakekela kanjani?

I-multiple myeloma ithinta wonke umuntu ngendlela ehlukile. Isibonelo, abantu abane-MGUS noma i-SMM bangase bangadingi ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Kodwa kuzodingeka babone udokotela wabo njalo ukuze bahlolwe. Uma usukhululekile ngenxa ye-multiple myeloma, udokotela wakho uzohlela ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho.

Uma uphila ne-Multiple Myeloma, kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze ulondoloze impilo yakho iyonke:

• Yidla ukudla okunomsoco nsuku zonke. I-multiple myeloma ingabangela ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla. Ngakho zama ukudla ukudla okuncane okune kuya kokuhlanu ngosuku.
• Uma ubhema, zama ukuyeka.
• Nika umzimba wakho ukuphumula okudingayo futhi ulale kahle.
• Zivikele ezifweni. Buza udokotela wakho ngezindlela zokuvimbela izifo.
• Zivocavoce, kodwa buza udokotela wakho kuqala. Uzokutshela ukuthi hlobo luni lokuzivocavoca olukufanele.
• Naka impilo yakho yengqondo futhi. Kuvamile ukuzizwa udangele, ukhathazekile, futhi ucindezelekile lapho ubhekene nesimo esinjengalesi. Kodwa uma lokhu kudabuka noma ukukhathazeka kuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili, noma kuphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.
• Uma usupholile , ungase ujabule ngokuthi ukwelashwa sekuphelile. Kodwa ungase ukhathazeke nangokuthi umdlavuza uzobuya. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngesimo sakho nokuthi yini ongayilindela esikhathini esizayo.

I-multiple myeloma ingumdlavuza wegazi ongavamile. Nakuba ingelapheki, odokotela bangelapha izimo ezihambisanayo, izimpawu, futhi balawule ukusabalala kwalesi sifo. Abanye abantu baphila nalesi sifo iminyaka eminingi. Abanye basesimweni esingcono. Kodwa-ke, ukuphila nomdlavuza ongapheli futhi ongabuya akulula. Kusho ukuphila ngokwelashwa nokuhlolwa nsuku zonke zokuphila kwakho. Odokotela bayaqonda lezi zinselele. Uma udinga usizo lokufunda ukuphila ne-multiple myeloma, buza udokotela wakho. Bangakutshela ngezinsizakalo nezinhlelo eziwusizo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu esifuna ukuyithatha ekhaya

Kulungile, ngakho-ke, izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho yilezi:

• I-Multiple Myeloma ingumdlavuza wegazi ongavamile okhula kumaseli e-plasma .
• Nakuba kungelapheki ngokuphelele, ukwelashwa kungalawula izimpawu, kwandise isikhathi sokuphila, futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yokuphila .
• Uma unezimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu emathanjeni, ukukhathala okukhulu, noma ukutheleleka njalo , bona udokotela ngokushesha.
• Uma kutholakala isifo kusenesikhathi, kulapho kungenzeka khona ukuthi ukwelashwa kuphumelele.
• Uma uphila nalesi sifo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzinakekela kahle, ulandele iseluleko sikadokotela wakho, futhi uhlale uqinile engqondweni .

Ungakhathazeki, awuwedwa. Isayensi yezokwelapha iyathuthuka, futhi ukwelashwa okusha kuphuma ngaso sonke isikhathi. Udokotela wakho kanye nethimba lezokunakekelwa kwempilo bahlala bekulungele ukukusiza.

i - myeloma eminingi, amangqamuzana e-plasma, umdlavuza wegazi, umongo wamathambo, iphrotheni ye-M, izimpawu zomdlavuza, ukwelashwa komdlavuza