Ingabe ingane yakho iyakhala ekuseni ithi, "Mama, umlenze wami ubuhlungu"? Wake wazizwa sengathi uyaxhuga kancane ngenkathi uhamba? Noma wake waphawula ukuthi ilunga elifana nedolo lakho livuvukala ngokuzumayo? Abazali abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lokhu kumane nje kuyimivimbo emincane kanye nokuqhekeka okutholwa yizingane zabo ngenkathi zidlala. Kodwa uma lezi zimpawu ziqhubeka, kungaba yinto okufanele ikhathazeke ngayo. Namuhla sikhuluma ngohlobo lwesifo samathambo esithinta izingane. Yebo, uzwile kahle, isifo samathambo akusona isifo esithinta abantu abadala kuphela.
Kuyini isifo samathambo esitho sabantwana (i-JIA)?
Kalula nje, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-arthritis ezinganeni yi -Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis . Siyibiza nangokuthi (JIA) ngamafuphi. Igama elithi "Juvenile" lapha lisho ukuthi kwenzeka ebuntwaneni. Igama elithi "Arthritis" lisho ukuvuvukala kwamalunga, okusho isimo esibangela ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu emalungeni. Igama elithi "idiopathic" lisho ukuthi imbangela eqondile ayaziwa .
Lesi yisifo esibangelwa ukuzivikela komzimba . Okusho ukuthi, uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu, amasosha asivikela ezifweni, ahlasela ngephutha amangqamuzana ethu amahle. Ku-JIA, lolu hlelo lokuzivikela luhlasela amalunga engane.
Cabanga nje, ngaphakathi kwamalunga ethu kukhona i-"synovium" ye-membrane kanye ne-"synovial fluid" ye-fluid esiza ukuthi isebenze kahle. Lapho leso simiso sokuzivikela esinephutha sihlasela le-"synovium" ye-membrane, siyavuvukala bese siqala ukukhiqiza uketshezi ngokungadingekile. Yingakho amalunga evuvukala, ebuhlungu, futhi ezwakale eqinile ekuseni.
Uma lokhu kuvuvukala kuqhubeka, kungalimaza uqwanga kanye nethambo elizungeze ilunga. Ngezinye izikhathi lo mphumela ungathinta namehlo. Ngakho-ke , kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxilonga i-JIA ngendlela efanele nokunikeza ukwelashwa okufanele. Ukwenza kanjalo kuzonciphisa umthelela ekukhuleni kwengane futhi kuyisize iphile impilo evamile.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-JIA?
I-JIA ayithinti ingane ngayinye ngendlela efanayo. Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko, kuye ngezimpawu kanye nenani lamalunga athintekile. Ake sibheke ukuthi ayini.
| Uhlobo lwe-JIA | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-JIA ye-Oligoarticular | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Luthinta amalunga angaphansi kwamahlanu. Luvame ukuthinta amalunga amakhulu njengamadolo, amaqakala, nezindololwane. Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nokuvuvukala kwamehlo (uveitis) . Lokhu kunzima ukukuthola ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwamehlo. Luvame kakhulu emantombazaneni. |
| I-JIA ye-Polyarticular | Kuthinta amalunga amahlanu noma ngaphezulu. Ngokuvamile, amalunga afanayo ezinhlangothini zombili zomzimba (isibonelo, amadolo womabili) ayathinteka. Kungathinta namalunga amancane ezandla nezinyawo, intamo, kanye nomhlathi. |
| I-JIA ye-Psoriatic | Lezi zingane nazo zinesifo sesikhumba esibizwa ngokuthi i-psoriasis kanye ne-arthritis. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isikhumba siba bomvu futhi sibe nama-scaly , futhi kukhona izilonda ezibukeka njenge-coral. Kungenzeka ukuthi ingane ayinayo i-psoriasis, kodwa uma othile emndenini enayo, uma umunwe uvuvukile, noma uma kukhona ushintsho ezinzipho, kungaba yilolu hlobo. |
| I-Spondyloarthritis Yabantwana | Kuthinta kakhulu umgogodla, izinqe, kanye nemisipha lapho kuhlangana khona namathambo. Amehlo angase abe bomvu futhi abe buhlungu. Kuvame kakhulu kubafana abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-7. |
| I-JIA Ehlelekile | Lokhu kuhlukile kancane. Kuthinta umzimba wonke, hhayi amalunga kuphela. Izimpawu eziyinhloko umkhuhlane oqhubekayo kanye nokuqubuka okupinki okubonakala emzimbeni (ikakhulukazi esifubeni, ezingalweni nasemilenzeni) lapho umkhuhlane uqala. Kungathinta nezitho zangaphakathi njengenhliziyo, isibindi, i-spleen, kanye nama-lymph node. |
Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile ze-JIA?
Hlola ukuthi ingane yakho inesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu. Uma ziqhubeka amasonto amaningana, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubona udokotela.
- Ubuhlungu bamalunga, ukuvuvukala, noma ukufudumala uma uthintwa.
- Ukuzwa amalunga eqina, ikakhulukazi uma uvuka ekuseni (ukuqina kwasekuseni). Lokhu kungaba yisizathu esenza ingane inqikaze ukuvuka embhedeni futhi inqikaze ukuhamba.
- Ukuhamba uxhuga ngaphandle kwesizathu.
- Ukushisa njalo ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo.
- Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba.
- Ama-lymph node avuvukele (izigaxa ezincane entanyeni, emakhwapheni, njll.)
- Amehlo abomvu, ubuhlungu bamehlo, kanye nokungaboni kahle.
- Ukuzizwa ukhathele futhi ucasukile njalo.
- Ukwehla kwesisindo noma ukwehluleka ukukhula ngendlela efanele ngokweminyaka.
Khumbula, akuzona zonke izinhlungu zamalunga ezibangelwa yi-JIA. Kodwa uma lezi zimpawu ziqhubeka, ungazinaki. Kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okufanele.
I-JIA itholakala kanjani?
Akukho ukuhlolwa kwegazi okukodwa okungenziwa ukuze kutholakale i-JIA. Udokotela wakho uzokhipha ezinye izimo futhi athole ukuthi unesifo esingakanani ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho. Lokhu kuvame ukuhilela:
1. Ukuthatha umlando ophelele wezokwelapha: Udokotela uzokubuza wena nengane yakho imininingwane eminingi, njengokuthi izimpawu zaqala kanjani nokuthi sezinesikhathi esingakanani zikhona.
2. Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Amalunga engane ngayinye ahlolwa ngokucophelela ukuze kutholakale ukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu, kanye nobunzima bokunyakaza.
3. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Nakuba kungenakukwazi ukuqinisekisa i-JIA, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungasiza ekulinganiseni ukuvuvukala emzimbeni, kuhlole ezinye izifo, futhi kunikeze umbono wohlobo lwe-JIA.
4. Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Ukuhlolwa okufana `(X-ray)`, `(Ultrasound)` noma `(MRI)` kungenziwa ukuze kubonwe umonakalo emalungeni.
5. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo: Yonke ingane ene-JIA kufanele ihlolwe amehlo ayo ngudokotela wamehlo, njengoba isimo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Uveitis" singavela ngaphandle kwezimpawu ekuqaleni.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-JIA?
Kunemigomo eminingana eyinhloko ekwelapheni i-JIA. Lokhu ukunciphisa ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala, ukuvimba ukulimala kwamalunga, ukugcina ukusebenza kwamalunga, nokusiza ingane ukuthi iqhubeke nokusebenza ngendlela evamile. Uhlelo lokwelashwa luyinhlanganisela yemithi nokuzivocavoca.
Imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelashwa
| Uhlobo lwesidakamizwa | Ukusebenza kahle |
|---|---|
| Izidakamizwa Ezingavimbeli Ukuvuvukala (ama-NSAID) | Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala, kodwa akwelaphi lesi sifo, kulawula izimpawu kuphela. |
| Ama-Corticosteroids | Lena imithi enamandla elawula ukuvuvukala. Ingafakwa ngqo esilungwini esithintekile. Ngezinye izikhathi inikezwa njengamaphilisi. |
| Imithi Elwa Nezifo Eguqula Izifo (i-DMARD) | Le mithi isebenza ngokulawula amasosha omzimba angasebenzi kahle. Isiza ekuvimbeleni lesi sifo ukuthi singaqhubeki futhi silimaze amalunga. |
| Ama-ejenti Okuguqula Izinto Eziphilayo | Lezi ziyizinhlobo ezintsha zemithi. Zisebenza ngokugxila kumaprotheni athile akhiqizwa emzimbeni abangela ukuvuvukala futhi awavimbe ukusebenza. Zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezinzima okunzima ukuzilawula ngeminye imithi. |
Ukuzivocavoca kanye nokwelashwa ngokomzimba
Njengemithi, ukuvivinya umzimba nakho kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphatheni i-JIA.
- Ukwelashwa Komzimba: Kusiza ukugcina amalunga eshukuma, ukuqinisa imisipha, nokunciphisa ubuhlungu.
- Ukwelashwa Komsebenzi: Kusiza ingane ukuthi yenze imisebenzi yansuku zonke (njengomsebenzi wesikole, ukugqoka) kalula.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Ukuzivocavoca akwenzi i-arthritis ibe yimbi kakhulu. Eqinisweni, imisipha eqinile inikeza ukwesekwa okuhle kwamalunga. Ukuzivocavoca okufana nokubhukuda kuhle ngoba kuthambile emalungeni.
Iseluleko sengane nabazali abaphila ne-JIA
Njengomzali, kuyinto evamile ukuzizwa udangele, ukhathazekile, futhi mhlawumbe uthukuthele ngalokhu. Kodwa khumbula, ngokuphathwa okufanele kanye nokuphathwa okuhle, ingane ene-JIA ingaphila impilo evamile nesebenzayo.
- Vumela ingane yakho ibe yinto evamile: yithumele esikoleni, idlale nabangani, futhi ihlanganyele kwezemidlalo. Ungazivikeli ngokweqile bese uyihlukanisa.
- Yazisa isikole: Kubalulekile ukwazisa othisha ngesimo sengane yakho. Ingane yakho ingase idinge indawo yokuhlala ekilasini (isib. isikhathi esengeziwe sobunzima bokubhala).
- Ukudla okuhle:Akukho ukudla okuqondile kwe-JIA. Ngakho-ke, nikeza ingane yakho ukudla okunempilo nokulinganiselayo.
- Sebenza eduze nodokotela wakho: Khuluma nodokotela ngokukhululekile ngesimo sengane yakho, imiphumela emibi yemithi, nanoma yimiphi imibuzo onayo.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-JIA kufana nokushayisana kwesivinini emgwaqweni. Nakuba kungase kube ukushayisana ekuqaleni, ngohlelo lokwelashwa olufanele , ingane yakho ingabuyela endleleni efanele futhi iqhubekele phambili.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-JIA uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-arthritis ezinganeni. Akuyona nje "isifo sabantu asebekhulile."
- Ukuvuvukala kwamalunga okungachazeki, ubuhlungu, kanye nokuqina kwasekuseni kungaba yizimpawu eziyinhloko.
- Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto ayisithupha, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.
- Uma lesi sifo sisheshe sitholakale futhi ukwelashwa kuqala, kulapho umonakalo ongase ube khona isikhathi eside emalungeni ungavinjelwa khona.
- Ngokwelashwa nokuphathwa okufanele, izingane ezine-JIA zingaphila impilo esebenzayo nephumelelayo.
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