Ingabe izinso zakho zikhipha amaprotheni amaningi kakhulu? Ake sixoxe nge-Nephrotic Syndrome!

Ingabe imilenze, izingalo, noma ubuso bakho buqale ukuvuvukala ngokuzumayo? Noma ingabe umchamo wakho ufana nomzimba womntwana ovuvukele? Ingabe ubukeka njengegwebu uma uchama ? Lokhu kungaba yinkinga encane ngezinso zakho, okungaba ngenxa yesimo sempilo. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo sezinso esinjalo, 'i-Nephrotic Syndrome'. Ungakhathazeki, sizokhuluma ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Iyini i-Nephrotic Syndrome?

Kalula nje, i-nephrotic syndrome yisimo lapho izinso zethu zikhipha khona amaprotheni amaningi kakhulu emchameni. Odokotela bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi "i-proteinuria". Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, uma kuphuma amaprotheni angaphezu kwama-3 amagremu (asinda kancane kune-US penny) emchameni ngosuku, leso yisibonakaliso esiyinhloko salesi simo. Lokhu kungaphezu kwesilinganiso esikhishwa yizinso eziphilile ngokuphindwe ka-20.

Manje cabanga ngezinso zethu njengesihlungi . Lesi sihlungi sinemithambo yegazi emincane, esiyibiza ngokuthi `(glomeruli)` . Lezi `(glomeruli)` zihlunga imikhiqizo engcolile (isibonelo, imfucuza ye-nitrogen `(urea)`, imfucuza yemisipha `(creatinine)`, nama-acid), kanye namanzi angadingekile egazini. Bese zikhishwa njengomchamo. Ngokuvamile, ezinso eziphilile, `(glomeruli)` zihlunga izinto ezidingwa ngumzimba, njengeprotheyini, futhi ziwagcine egazini, ikakhulukazi iphrotheyini `(albumin)` . Kodwa uma lezi `(glomeruli)` zonakele, azisebenzi kahle. Ngemuva kwalokho, amaprotheni abalulekile njenge `(albumin)` aqoqana kalula emchameni.

Ingabe lokhu kusongela impilo?

Yebo, i-nephrotic syndrome iyisimo esibucayi . Uma ingelashwa kahle, ingaholela kwezinye izinkinga futhi ithinte ngisho nokuphila kwakho. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu futhi ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha uma unezimpawu.

Ubani othola i-nephrotic syndrome?

Noma ubani angakuthola lokhu. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanesifo sezinso esihlobene nesifo sikashukela, labo abanezinkinga ezithile zokungezwani komzimba, kanye nalabo abanomlando womndeni walolu hlobo lwesifo sezinso (abane-nephrotic syndrome) banamathuba amaningi okuba naso.

Lesi akusona isifo esivame kakhulu.

• Kuthinta cishe ingane eyodwa kwezingu-50,000 minyaka yonke. Kuvame ukutholakala ezinganeni ezineminyaka ephakathi kwemi-2 nengu-5. Abafana banamathuba aphindwe kabili okuba nalesi sifo kunamantombazane.
• Kubantu abadala , lokhu kwenzeka kubantu abathathu kwabayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu ngonyaka.

I-nephrotic syndrome iwuthinta kanjani umzimba?

Uma amaprotheni, abaluleke kakhulu emizimbeni yethu, ekhishwa emchameni, kuvela izinkinga ezahlukahlukene.

• Amanye amaprotheni asiza ekuvimbeleni ukujiya kwegazi . Uma engekho, kungakheka amahlule egazi.
• Olunye uhlobo olubalulekile lweprotheyini`(Ama-Immunoglobulins)` . Lawa asiza amasosha omzimba wethu ukulwa nezifo kanye nokutheleleka. Uma lokhu kungekho, singathola kalula ukutheleleka. Isibonelo:
• `(I-pneumonia)` (I-pneumonia)
• I-cellulitis (ukutheleleka kwesikhumba okubangelwa amagciwane)
• I-Peritonitis (ukutheleleka kolwelwesi lwesisu)

Ziyini izimpawu ze-nephrotic syndrome?

Kubalulekile ukunaka kakhulu lezi zimpawu:

• Ukuba neprotheyini eningi `(albumin)` emchameni (`(albuminuria)`) : Kukhishwa iphrotheyini engaphezu kuka-3.5 amagremu ngosuku.
• Amazinga aphezulu amafutha kanye ne-cholesterol egazini (i-hyperlipidemia) .
• Ukuvuvukala (`(edema)`) : Ngokuvamile, imilenze, amaqakala, nezinyawo kuyavuvukala. Ngezinye izikhathi izandla nobuso nakho kungavuvukala. Cabanga nje, uma ingane yakho ivuka ekuseni futhi indawo ezungeze amehlo ayo ibonakala ivuvukile, lokho kungaba uphawu lwalokhu.
• Ukwehla kwamazinga e-albhamuin protein egazini (hypoalbuminemia) .
• Ukudla akunambitheki .
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi .
• Ubuhlungu besisu (noma yikuphi kusukela ezimbanjeni kuya esiswini esingezansi).
• Umchamo onegwebu , njengamanzi anensipho.

Enye into ukuthi imizimba yethu ilahlekelwa amaminerali namavithamini abalulekile, ikakhulukazi i-calcium ne-vitamin D , ngale ndlela. Ezinganeni ezincane, lokhu kungathinta ukukhula. Ukulahlekelwa izinwele, izinzipho ezibuthakathaka, kanye nezifo ezibuthakathaka amathambo njenge-``(Osteoporosis)`` (isifo sokuncipha kwamathambo) nakho kungavela.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezivame kakhulu ze-nephrotic syndrome?

Uma ingelashwa, izinkinga ezifana nalezi:

• `(Ukulimala kwezinso okukhulu)` - Isimo lapho izinso ziyeka ukusebenza kahle ngokuzumayo.
• I-anemia - Ukuntuleka kwamangqamuzana egazi aphilile athwala umoya-mpilo ezithweni zomzimba.
• Isifo semithambo yenhliziyo - Amafutha afakwa emithanjeni ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni.
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme - Umfutho wegazi ophakeme kunojwayelekile njengoba uhamba emithanjeni yegazi.
• I-Hypothyroidism - Indlala yegilo ayikhiphi i-hormone yegilo eyanele egazini.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-nephrotic syndrome?

Ngokuvamile, lezi `(glomeruli)` zonakala ngenxa yezifo zezinso. Odokotela nabacwaningi abakaqiniseki ukuthi kungani lezi zifo zithinta ngqo i-`(glomeruli)`. Lezi `(glomeruli)` ezonakele ziyimbangela eyinhloko ye-nephrotic syndrome. Ezinye zalezi zifo yilezi:

• `(Amyloidosis)` : Kulokhu, uhlobo lweprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-amyloid lufakwa ezithweni zethu ezibalulekile. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ezinso. Bese ikhono lokuhlunga lezinso liyancipha.
• `(I-nephropathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela)`I-Nephropathy: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho izinso zingasebenzi kahle. Lesi simo senzeka lapho isifo sikashukela silimaza imizwa eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ezinso. Lokhu kungabangela ukungakhululeki, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, kanye nobuhlungu.
• I-focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) : Lokhu kubangela izibazi ezingxenyeni ezincane ze-glomeruli. Lokhu kungaholela ekuvuvukeni, ukwehluleka kwezinso, kanye neprotheni emchameni.
• I-Lupus : I-Lupus isifo esihlasela amasosha omzimba. Sibangela ukuvuvukala, ukuvuvukala, kanye nobuhlungu emzimbeni wonke. Singathinta nezinso.
• I-Membranous nephropathy : Kulokhu, amasosha omzimba wethu ahlasela ulwelwesi olusezinso.
• Isifo Sokushintsha Okuncane (MCD) : Lolu futhi uhlobo lwe-nephropathy lapho izinso zingasebenzi kahle. Kodwa-ke, i-biopsy yezinso ayibonisi noma yimuphi umonakalo omkhulu ku-glomeruli noma izicubu zezinso. Nakuba kungenzeka kunoma yimuphi ubudala, kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane.

I-nephrotic syndrome ihlolwa kanjani?

Odokotela benza izivivinyo eziningana ukuze baxilonge lesi sifo:

Ukuhlolwa komchamo

Lokhu kutholakala ngokuhlolwa komchamo, okubheka ukubukeka, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, kanye nokubonakala komchamo wakho okuncane kakhulu.

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-dipstick : Kulokhu kuhlolwa, uchamela esitsheni esikhethekile ehhovisi likadokotela noma esibhedlela. Ngemuva kwalokho udokotela noma umhlengikazi ufaka ucezu lwephepha olumbozwe ngamakhemikhali (i-dipstick) esitsheni. Uma kukhona i-albumin emchameni wakho, ucezu luzoshintsha umbala.
• Ukuhlolwa kwamaprotheni omchamo : Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa uma kudingeka ukulinganisa okunembe kakhudlwana.
• Isampula yomchamo eyodwa : Lokhu kuthunyelwa elebhu. Bazobheka ukuthi kungakanani `(albumin)` kanye `(creatinine)` okusemchameni wakho (`(albumin-to-creatinine ratio)`). Uma unama-milligram angaphezu kuka-30 `(albumin)` ngegremu ngayinye `(creatinine)`, lokho kungaba yinkinga.
• Ukuqoqwa komchamo amahora angama-24 : Udokotela uzokunika ibhodlela lokuqoqela umchamo wakho ekhaya. Ngosuku lokuhlolwa:
• Into yokuqala ekuseni, uma uvuka, phuma uchamele endlini yangasese njengenjwayelo.
• Bese uchamela kulelo bhodlela usuku lonke uze ulale ebusuku.
• Ngakusasa ekuseni, ngokushesha nje lapho uvuka, phuma uchamele ebhodleleni elifanayo okokugcina.
• Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele uthathe leso sampula uye ehhovisi likadokotela noma elabhorethri, lapho belinganisa khona kuphela inani le-`(i-albhamu)`.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi

Kulokhu, udokotela usebenzisa inalithi encane ukuthatha inani elincane legazi emthanjeni osengalweni yakho. Lithunyelwa elebhu ukuze lihlolwe. Uma kunezinga eliphansi le-`(albumin)` noma amanye amaprotheni egazini, kungaba yi-nephrotic syndrome. Baphinde bahlole amazinga e-cholesterol kanye ne-`(triglyceride)` egazini. Uma i-`(albumin)` iphansi, lokhu kunganda.

I-biopsy yezinso

Kule nqubo, udokotela uthatha ingxenye encane yezicubu ezinso lakho bese eyihlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Indawo iyavaleka ngaphambi kwenqubo, ngakho ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu. Ungase futhi unikezwe inani elincane lomuthi wokulala ukuze ukusize uphumule. Udokotela ube esefaka inaliti esikhumbeni sakho enso lakho ukuze athathe isampula yezicubu.

Kodwa-ke, uma unesifo sikashukela futhi udokotela wakho esola ukuthi une-nephrotic syndrome, i-biopsy yezinso ayidingeki. Umlando wakho wezokwelapha, ukuhlolwa komchamo, kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi kungasiza ekuxilongeni i-nephrotic syndrome ebangelwa isifo sikashukela.

Ingabe i-nephrotic syndrome ingelapheka?

Lesi akusona isifo esingelapheki ngokuphelele . Kodwa kunezindaba ezinhle! Uma kwenzeka ezinganeni ezincane, kuvame ukuphela ngesikhathi zisencane, cishe zineminyaka eyi-18-20 ubudala.

Ukwelashwa kungalawula izimpawu futhi kuvimbele ukulimala okwengeziwe ezinso.

Ukwelashwa kuhilela ukwelapha imbangela eyinhloko, ukunciphisa umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-cholesterol, ukuvuvukala, kanye nengozi yokutheleleka. Ngokuvamile, kuhilela imithi kanye nokushintsha kokudla .

• Eminye imithi yokucindezeleka kwegazi ingasiza ekulawuleni isifo sezinso esibangela i-nephrotic syndrome. Isibonelo:
• `(Izithibi ze-enzyme eguqula i-angiotensin (ACE))`
• `(Ama-Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs))`
• Le mithi inciphisa ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwe-glomeruli futhi inciphise inani le-albumin elikhishwa emchameni. Abantu abaningi bangadinga imithi emibili noma emithathu ukulawula ingcindezi yabo yegazi.
• Kanye ne-ACE inhibitor noma i-ARB, udokotela wakho angase akunike umuthi wokukhipha isisu . Ama-diuretics asiza izinso zakho ukususa uketshezi oluningi egazini lakho. Angasiza futhi ekunciphiseni umfutho wegazi nokuvuvukala. Eminye imithi ehlisa umfutho wegazi ifaka phakathi ama-beta-blockers kanye nama-calcium channel blockers .
• Udokotela angase anikeze imithi ethi "statin" yokwehlisa i-cholesterol.
• Uma une-nephrotic syndrome, kungumqondo omuhle futhi ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane (flu) kanye nomuthi wokugomela i-pneumococcal minyaka yonke. Umuthi wokugomela i-pneumococcal ungavikela ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane abizwa ngokuthi i-pneumococcus (isib. izifo zendlebe, i-pneumonia, i-meningitis).
• Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi yokunciphisa igazi (ama-anticoagulant), kodwa le mithi inikezwa kuphela uma uba ne-blood clot. Ayivimbeli i-nephrotic syndrome noma izimpawu zayo.

Ingabe udinga ukuqaphela ngokudla neziphuzo?

Ukudla nokuphuza akunawo umthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni noma ekuvinjelweni kwe-nephrotic syndrome kubantu abadala. Kodwa uma unalesi simo,Ezinye izimpawu zingancishiswa ngokwenza izinguquko ekudleni.

• Ukunciphisa usawoti (i-sodium) ekudleni kwakho kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala . Iningi le-sodium ekudleni esikudlayo livela kusawoti. Ukuphuza amanzi amaningi kungasiza futhi ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala.
• Ukunciphisa amafutha agcwele kanye ne-cholesterol ekudleni kwakho kungasiza ekulawuleni "i-hyperlipidemia" (amafutha aphezulu egazini). Kungcono ukunciphisa ukudla okufana nemikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha agcwele, inyama ebomvu, inyama ecutshunguliwe, ushizi, ukudla okuthosiwe, izinto ezibhakiwe, namaswidi.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokulawula izimpawu zakho ukuphuza imithi yakho njengoba uyalelwe udokotela wakho . Kungumqondo omuhle futhi ukudla ukudla okune-potassium eningi namaprotheni, kodwa okune-sodium ephansi, amafutha agcwele kanye ne-cholesterol.

Ngizozizwa ngingcono ngokushesha kangakanani ngemva kokwelashwa?

Lokhu kuyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi imbangela ye-nephrotic syndrome ibangelwa yini. Abanye abantu bangase baqale ukuzizwa bengcono ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ukwelashwa. Kwabanye, kungathatha amasonto noma ngisho nezinyanga. Kubalulekile ukubekezela.

Kwenzekani kumuntu onesifo se-nephrotic syndrome?

Uma bexilongiwe futhi bephathwa ngendlela efanele, abantu abane-nephrotic syndrome baba nemiphumela emihle . Iningi labantu lisabela kahle ekwelashweni futhi liya ekuphumuleni (`(remission)`). Lokhu kusho ukuthi izimpawu ziyaphela. Uma wawune-nephrotic syndrome useyingane, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kungenzeka ukuthi izophela ngokuphelele lapho usukhulile.

Ingabe i-nephrotic syndrome ingavinjelwa?

I-Nephrotic syndrome ayinakuvinjelwa , kodwa ukwelashwa okufanele kwezimo ezibangela lokhu (isib. isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme) kanye nokushintsha kokudla kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni izimpawu nokunciphisa ukulimala kwezinso.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

Uma unezimpawu zesifo sezinso, ikakhulukazi umchamo onegwebu kanye nokuvuvukala, okuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, bona udokotela ngokushesha . Uma sitholakala kusenesikhathi, kuba lula kakhulu ukuselapha.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Ungabuza le mibuzo uma ubona udokotela:

• "Wazi kanjani ukuthi ngine-nephrotic syndrome?"
• "Ingabe ngidinga ukwenza ezinye izivivinyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unesifo?"
• "Uma ngingenayo i-nephrotic syndrome, yisiphi esinye isimo engingaba naso?"
• "Yisiphi isimo esangenza ngaba nesifo se-nephrotic syndrome?"
• "Ucabanga ukuthi i-nephrotic syndrome yami izophela ngokwelashwa?"
• "Ingabe i-nephrotic syndrome yengane yami izophela njengoba ikhula?"
• "Yimiphi imithi noma izindlela zokwelapha ozincomayo?"
• "Ingabe ngidinga ukwenza izinguquko ekudleni kwami?"

Umehluko phakathi kwe-Nephrotic Syndrome ne-Nephritic Syndrome

Zombili lezi yizimo ezithinta izinso.

• Uphawu oluyinhloko lwe-nephrotic syndrome ukuba namaprotheni amaningi emchameni.
• Uphawu oluyinhloko lwe-nephritic syndrome ukuvuvukala kwezinso. Lokhu kuvuvukala kuvame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka, isifo semithambo yegazi, noma ukuwohloka.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-Nephrotic Syndrome ne-Glomerulonephritis

I-Glomerulonephritis nayo iyisifo sezinso. Izimpawu zayo zifana ne-nephrotic syndrome. Kodwa-ke, umehluko omkhulu usesilinganisweni samaprotheni akhishwayo .

• Uma une-nephrotic syndrome, ukhipha amaprotheni angaphezu kwamagremu angu-3.5 ngosuku.
• Uma une-Glomerulonephritis, kukhishwa amaprotheni angaphansi kwamagremu angu-3.5 ngosuku.

Iyini i-congenital nephrotic syndrome?

Lesi yisimo esiba khona lapho umntwana ezalwa . Singabangela ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso unomphela, ngokuvamile phakathi kweminyaka engu-2 no-8. Lesi yisifo sezinso esizuzwa njengefa. Lokho kusho ukuthi sidluliselwa kubazali siye ezinganeni.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngakho-ke, ngamafuphi, i-nephrotic syndrome yisimo lapho izinso zikhipha amaprotheni amaningi kakhulu emchameni. Uma unezimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu besisu, umchamo onegwebu, ukuvuvukala, ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla, kanye nokukhathala okuvamile okuhlala izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbalwa, kungcono ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha. Khumbula, ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kungasiza ukugcina izinso zakho ziphilile futhi kuvimbele izinkinga ezinkulu . Ungesabi, vele ulandele imiyalelo kadokotela wakho. Ngikufisela ukululama okusheshayo!

Isifo Sokusha Kwezinso, Isifo Sezinso, Amaprotheni, Ukuvuvukala, Ukuhlolwa Komchamo, Izingane, Isifo Sokusha Kwezinso