Wake waba sengozini enkulu noma kwadingeka ukuthi uhlinzwe kakhulu? Udokotela wakho kungenzeka ukuthi ukunike umuthi wokubulala izinhlungu onamandla kakhulu ukusiza ngobuhlungu obungabekezeleleki obubuzwayo. Lawa ma-painkiller asetshenziselwa futhi ukwelapha izimo zobuhlungu obungapheli nobunzima njengomdlavuza. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngaleli qembu elinamandla lama-painkiller, abizwa ngokuthi ama-opioid. Nakuba enikeza ukukhululeka kobuhlungu okumangalisayo, kubalulekile kithi sonke ukuqaphela olunye uhlangothi lwemali kanye nezingozi ezibangelwa yiwo.
Kalula nje, ziyini lezi Opioids?
Ama-opioid ayisigaba esikhethekile semithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ubuhlungu obuphakathi kuya kobunzima. Ngezinye izikhathi abizwa ngokuthi "ama-narcotic." Amanye ala ma-opioid akhiqizwa ngokwemvelo ( isibonelo , esitshalweni se-poppy), kanti amanye enziwa ngokwenziwa elabhorethri.
Lokhu kusebenza ngendlela exakile kakhulu. Cabanga nje, uma ulimala endaweni ethile emzimbeni wakho, umlayezo usuka kuleyo ndawo udlule ezinzwa uye ebuchosheni uthi, "Lokhu ubuhlungu." Lokho okwenziwa ama-opioid ukuthi athinta amangqamuzana ezinzwa athwala lowo myalezo, futhi ayawuvimba lowo myalezo ukuthi ungangeni ebuchosheni. Kufana nokuthi avimba umlayezo. Ngakho awuzizwa ubuhlungu kuze kube yilapho umuthi uqala ukusebenza.
Kodwa-ke, lezi zidakamizwa zenza okunye. Zivuselela uhlelo lomvuzo ebuchosheni bethu, yingakho abanye abantu bengathola umuzwa wenjabulo enkulu, ukukhanya, kanye nomuzwa wokuntanta (injabulo) lapho bethatha lezi zidakamizwa.
Yingakho ingozi yokuba umlutha wezidakamizwa ze-opioid iphezulu kangaka. Ngisho noma ufuna ukuyeka ukuthatha lesi sidakamizwa, ubuchopho bakho ngeke bukuvumele. Buhlala bucela lowo muzwa wenjabulo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ungancika ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba kulesi sidakamizwa.
Enye inkinga ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umzimba uyajwayelana nalo muthi (ukubekezelelana). Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuqeda ubuhlungu okutholakala kumthamo wokuqala akusanele. Ukuze uthole impumuzo efanayo, umthamo womuthi kumele ukhuliswe kancane kancane. Lesi simo sandisa ingozi yokudlula ngokweqile okuyingozi.
Ngenxa yale ngozi ephezulu yokuba umlutha, uma udokotela ekubhalela i-opioid, uzokwenza lokho ngokucophelela okukhulu. Bazokuqapha eduze futhi banciphise kancane kancane umthamo ukuze banciphise izimpawu zokuhoxa.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zama-opioid?
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu zama-opioid. Angahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu amakhulu ngokusekelwe endleleni akhiqizwa ngayo:
- Okwemvelo: Lokhu kwenziwa ngezinto ezikhishwe embewini yesitshalo se-poppy. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi ama-Opiates. (Isibonelo: i-Morphine, i-Codeine).
- Okwenziwa kancane:Lokhu kwenziwa ngokushintsha ama-opioid emvelo elabhorethri (isib. i-heroin, i-hydrocodone).
- Okwenziwa: Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuphelele elabhorethri ngaphandle kwezithako zemvelo (isb. iFentanyl).
Ithebula elingezansi libonisa ezinye zezidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ezixoxwa ngazo.
| Igama lomuthi we-opioid | Isingeniso esifushane |
|---|---|
| I-Codeine | Ngokuvamile inikezwa ubuhlungu obuncane kuya kobuphakathi kanye nokulawula izinhlobo ezithile zokukhwehlela. |
| I-Morphine | Isetshenziswa kabanzi ebuhlungu obukhulu, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuhlinzwa kanye nobuhlungu bomdlavuza. |
| I-Oxycodone | Omunye umuthi onamandla wobuhlungu obuphakathi kuya kobunzima. |
| I-Fentanyl | Kungumuthi onamandla ngokuphindwe ka-50-100 kune-morphine futhi unikezwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela kuphela ngenxa yobuhlungu obukhulu kakhulu. |
| I-Methadone | Iphinde isetshenziswe njengomuthi wokuqeda izinhlungu kanye nokwelapha abantu abaluthwe yiminye imithi yokwelapha ama-opioid (ikakhulukazi i-heroin). |
| I-Heroin | Lesi isidakamizwa esingekho emthethweni esingatholakali kudokotela. Sinamandla amakhulu kakhulu okuba umlutha. |
Kukuziphi izimo lapho odokotela benikeza khona ama-opioid?
Udokotela ubengeke anikeze umuthi onamandla kangaka ngeze. Unikezwa kuphela ubuhlungu obukhulu obungenakulawulwa eminye imithi yobuhlungu.
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu: Ubuhlungu besikhashana, obukhulu obuvela ngemva kwengozi enkulu, ukuphuka, noma ukuhlinzwa okukhulu.
- Ubuhlungu obuhlobene nomdlavuza: Lawula ubuhlungu obukhulu nobesikhathi eside ezigulini zomdlavuza.
- Ubuhlungu obungapheli: Kwezinye izimo, ubuhlungu besikhathi eside obungenakulawulwa ngezinye izindlela zokwelapha.
- Ukunakekelwa kobuhlungu: Ukunciphisa ubuhlungu nokungakhululeki kwesiguli esinesifo esingelapheki nokusisiza sihlale sikhululekile.
Lawa ma-opioid afika ngezindlela ezahlukene, njengamaphilisi/ama-capsule, izixazululo zomlomo, imijovo, kanye nama-suppositories.
Yiziphi ezinye izinto okungafanele uzisebenzise ngama-opioid?
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma uthatha ama-opioid, kubalulekile ukutshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke eminye imithi oyithathayo, okuhlanganisa amavithamini nemikhiqizo yamakhambi. Futhi, khuluma iqiniso nganoma yiziphi ezinye izinto ozithathayo, njengotshwala. Ezinye zalezi zingaba nemiphumela eyingozi kakhulu uma zihlanganiswa nama-opioid.
Ngezansi kunezinye izinto ezingase zihlanganyele kabi nama-opioid.
| Izinto ezisebenzisekayo | Ingozi engaba khona |
|---|---|
| Utshwala | Ukozela okukhulu, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, ukuphefumula kancane noma ukuyeka, ngisho nokufa kungenzeka. Ungalokothi uphuze utshwala nama-opioid. |
| Ama-Benzodiazepine namaphilisi okulala | Lokhu kuyingozi njengotshwala. Kubangela ubunzima bokuphefumula kanye nokozela okukhulu. |
| Iziphumuli zemisipha | Kwandisa ukozela kanye nesiyezi. |
| Amanye ama-antibiotic kanye nama-antifungal | Lokhu kungakhuphula amazinga e-opioid emzimbeni ngendlela eyingozi. |
| Eminye imithi yokulwa nokuquleka | Kunganciphisa umphumela wokuqeda ubuhlungu we-opioid noma kwandise imiphumela emibi. |
Yiziphi imiphumela emibi kanye nezinkinga ze-opioid?
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, ama-opioid anemiphumela emibi. Eminye mincane, kanti eminye ingaba yingozi kakhulu.
| Imiphumela emibi kanye nezinkinga ezinkulu zokusebenzisa ama-opioid | |
|---|---|
| Imiphumela emibi evamile | |
| Ukozela kanye nokuphuza | Ukucabanga okucothayo kanye nesenzo. |
| Isicanucanu nokuhlanza | Kuvame kakhulu uma uqala ukusebenzisa umuthi. |
| Ukuqunjelwa | Lokhu kuyimiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ngoba kunciphisa ukusebenza kwamathumbu. |
| Isiyezi (i-vertigo) | Ibhalansi yomzimba ingathinteka. |
| Izinkinga ezinkulu okufanele uziqaphele | |
| Ukweqisa umthamo | Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi ukuphefumula okungajulile, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane , kanye nokulahlekelwa ukwazi. Kufanele uyiswe e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha. |
| Ukuthembela ngokomzimba | Izimpawu zokuhoxa ezifana nokujuluka, izinhlungu zomzimba, kanye nokungahlaliseki kwenzeka lapho umuthi uyekwa noma umthamo uncishisiwe . |
| Ukucindezeleka Kokuphefumula | Amaphaphu angase angakwazi ukuthola umoya owanele. Amazinga e-carbon dioxide egazini angakhuphuka. |
| Ukubekezelelana | Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kudingeka umthamo ophezulu ukuze kufezwe ukukhululeka okufanayo kobuhlungu. |
Uma usola ukuthi othile, ikakhulukazi ingane encane, udle ngephutha enye yalezi zidakamizwa, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo. Shayela i-National Poisons Information Center e-Colombo National Hospital ukuze uthole iseluleko ngenkathi umyisa esibhedlela ngokushesha.
Kwenzekani uma uthatha ama-Opioid isikhathi eside?
Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwama-opioid kungabangela ezinye izinkinga eziningi.
- Ukuqunjelwa okungapheli
- Isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka
- Ukucindezeleka
- Ingozi eyengeziwe yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo
- Ingozi ephezulu kakhulu yokulutha kanye nokweqisa izidakamizwa
- Ukungasebenzi kahle kocansi kanye nokuncipha kwesifiso
- Izinkinga ezihlobene nokulala
- I-hyperalgesia ebangelwa yi-opioid: Lokhu kuyinto engavamile. Uma uthatha imithi yobuhlungu, ukuzwela kobuhlungu emzimbeni kuyanda ngenxa yemithi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngisho nobuhlungu obuncane buqala ukuzwakala bukhulu kakhulu.
Ama-opioid ayiqembu lemithi elinamandla kakhulu neliwusizo, kodwa kufanele asetshenziswe kuphela ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela, ngesilinganiso esinqunyiwe, nangesikhathi esinqunyiwe.Uma uzizwa sengathi usuqala ukulutheka kulo muthi, noma ukuthi uthinta impilo yakho, ungabi namahloni noma wesabe. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho ngokushesha. Kunezindlela zokuthola usizo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-opioid uhlobo lomuthi wobuhlungu onamandla kakhulu onikezwa kuphela ubuhlungu obukhulu.
- Ingozi yokulutha yilokhu iphezulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ungalokothi usebenzise okungaphezu komthamo owunikezwe udokotela wakho noma isikhathi eside kunesikhathi osinqunyiwe.
- Unganiki omunye umuntu ama-opioid akho owanikezwe ngudokotela nganoma yisiphi isizathu. Kungaba yingozi empilweni.
- Uma uthatha ama-opioid, thembeka kudokotela wakho mayelana nayo yonke eminye imithi, utshwala, nezinye izinto ozisebenzisayo.
- Uma uzizwa uncike noma umlutha walesi sidakamizwa, ungabi namahloni futhi khuluma nodokotela wakho futhi ufune usizo.
- Uma ubona izimpawu zokusebenzisa ngokweqile, njengobunzima bokuphefumula, ukozela okukhulu, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, kubheke njengesimo esiphuthumayo bese uthatha isiguli usiyise e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha.
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