Unemibuzo mayelana nomdlavuza wesibeletho? Ake sixoxe ngakho!

Cishe uke wezwa ngomdlavuza wesibeletho. Mhlawumbe umngane wakho unawo, noma mhlawumbe umane ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngawo. Ngisho noma kuyindaba engathi sína, ake sixoxe ngawo ngendlela elula ongayiqonda. Ngoba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela izinto ezinjengalezi.

Uyini umdlavuza wesibeletho? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, umdlavuza wesibeletho ulapho amangqamuzana kuma-ovari noma kuma-fallopian tubes akho eqala ukukhula ngendlela engavamile futhi engalawuleki. Cabanga ngakho njengoba amangqamuzana emizimbeni yethu efana nezisebenzi ezincane. Asebenza ngendlela ehlelekile nejwayelekile. Kodwa kumdlavuza, amanye alawa maseli aqala "ukuhlanya," ahlukane futhi akhule ngendlela athanda ngayo.

Ama-ovari ayingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesimiso sokuzala sabesifazane. Yizitho ezikhiqiza amaqanda ngesikhathi sakho sokuzala. Ngokuvamile alingana ne-walnut encane, etholakala kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ze-pelvis.

Ubani othola umdlavuza wesibeletho?

Lokhu kungenzeka kunoma yimuphi owesifazane, kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kancane. Isibonelo, e-United States, abesifazane bomdabu baseMelika kanye nabesifazane abamhlophe banamathuba amancane okuthola lesi simo kunabesifazane abamnyama, amaHispanic, noma ama-Asia.

Enye into ephawulekayo ukuthi abantu bozalo lwama-Ashkenazi abangamaJuda banamathuba amaningi okuba noguquko lwezakhi zofuzo olubizwa ngokuthi 'i-BRCA'. Lokhu kuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kwandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza webele kanye nomdlavuza wesibeletho.

Sekukonke, umdlavuza wesibeletho ubanga cishe u-1% womdlavuza osanda kutholakala. Ingozi yokuphila kowesifazane yokuba nomdlavuza wesibeletho cishe ingu-1 kwabangu-78.

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza wesibeletho? Sazi kanjani?

Nakhu okufanele ukukhumbule. Umdlavuza wesibeletho ungasakazekela esiswini sakho ngaphandle kokubangela noma yiziphi izimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Yingakho kungaba nzima ukuzithola kusenesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, uma uqhubeka nokuba nesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ukuze akunike iseluleko.

• Ubuhlungu besisu noma be-pelvic, ukungakhululeki, noma umuzwa wokugcwala: Kungase kuzwakale sengathi kukhona okubambeke esiswini sakho, noma kungase kuzwakale sengathi isisu sakho sivuvukele.
• Izinguquko emikhubeni yokudla, ukuzizwa usuthi ngisho nangemva kokudla okuncane, kanye nokulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla: Ngisho nomuntu owayedla kahle manje angazizwa usuthi ngemva kwesikhashana. Angase futhi angazizwa engafuni ukudla.
• Ukuphuma kwegazi noma ukuphuma kwegazi okungajwayelekile: Kufanele ukhathazeke kakhulu uma uhlangabezana nalolu hlobo lokopha, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle komjikelezo wakho ojwayelekile wokuya esikhathini noma ngemva kokuya esikhathini.
• Izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwamathumbu:Isibonelo, kungase kube nezimpawu ezintsha njengokuqunjelwa noma uhudo.
• Usayizi wesisu okhulayo: Ukuzizwa sengathi isisu sakho siyakhula.
• Ukuchama njalo: Isidingo sokuchama kakhulu kunokujwayelekile.

Ukuthi nje unalezi zimpawu akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza wesibeletho. Zingabangelwa nezinye izinkinga zempilo. Kodwa-ke, uma ziqhubeka, qiniseka ukuthi ufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha. Uma uthola kusenesikhathi, kuba lula ukwelapha.

Yini ebangela umdlavuza wesibeletho? Ingabe zikhona izinto eziyingozi?

Empeleni, imbangela eqondile yomdlavuza wesibeletho ayikakaziwa. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa lesi sifo. Ake sibheke ukuthi bayini:

• Ukuba neminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 ubudala: Le ngozi iyanda njengoba iminyaka ikhula.
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile: Uma isisindo somzimba siphezulu kakhulu kunenani elinconywayo.
• Uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba nomdlavuza wesibeletho (umlando womndeni): Okusho ukuthi, uma umama wakho, udadewenu, noma indodakazi yakho ike yaba nalesi sifo, nawe ungase ube sengozini. Futhi, uma une-gene mutation ebizwa ngokuthi i-`BRCA1` noma i-`BRCA2` noma isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Lynch syndrome, ingozi yakho iphakeme.
• Ukungakhulelwanga bantwana noma ukuba nabantwana sekwephuzile.
• Ukuba nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-endometriosis.

Ukuba nesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zici eziyingozi akusho ukuthi nakanjani uzoba nomdlavuza wesibeletho. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu.

Umdlavuza wesibeletho usakazeka kanjani?

Uma umdlavuza wesibeletho usakazeka, uvame ukuqala ethangeni lakho bese usakazeka kuma-lymph node, umgodi we-peritoneal, amathumbu, isisu, indawo yesifuba, noma isibindi.

Umdlavuza wesibeletho utholakala kanjani? Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo?

Naphezu kweminyaka eminingi yocwaningo, ukuhlolwa okuphumelelayo kokuhlola umdlavuza wesibeletho akukasungulwa. Yingakho kunzima ukuwubona usesesigabeni sokuqala.

Uma udokotela esola ukuthi unomdlavuza wesibeletho, uzoqala ngokukubuza ngezimpawu zakho bese enza ukuhlolwa kwesinqe . Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, bazobheka ukukhula okungavamile noma izitho zomzimba ezikhulisiwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenziwa ezinye izivivinyo eziningana:

Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe

Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubone okungaphakathi emzimbeni:

• I-ultrasound ye-pelvic: Lokhu kungathatha isithombe esicacile sama-ovari nendawo ezungezile.
• Isikeni se-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging):Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uthole izithombe ezinemininingwane eminingi.
• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography): Lokhu futhi kunikeza izithombe zomzimba ezihlukaniswe ngezigaba.
• Ukuskena kwe-PET (i-Positron Emission Tomography): Lokhu kusiza ukuthola izindawo zamaseli omdlavuza.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubizwa ngokuthi i-CA-125 kuvame ukwenziwa kulesi simo. Uma izinga lakho le-CA-125 liphakeme, kungaba uphawu lomdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuqiniseki ngokuphelele. Amazinga e-CA-125 angaba ajwayelekile noma ngabe unomdlavuza, futhi angakhuphuka nakwezinye izimo ezingezona ezomdlavuza. Ngakho-ke, odokotela bahlanganisa lokhu kuhlolwa nezinye izivivinyo ukuze bafinyelele esiphethweni.

Ukuhlolwa kokuhlinzwa

Ngezinye izikhathi umdlavuza wesibeletho utholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Ngokuvamile, uma kutholakala ukukhula okungavamile, kungasuswa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa okufanayo.

I-Laparoscopy

Kulokhu, udokotela ohlinzayo wenza ukusika okuncane esiswini sakho bese efaka ipayipi elincane elinekhamera (i-laparoscope) ngayo. Le khamera ingasetshenziswa ukubona ukuthi umdlavuza ukhona yini nokuthi ususakazeke kangakanani, ukuthatha amasampula ezicubu (ama-biopsy), futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukususa ama-cyst esibelethweni.

Yiziphi izigaba zomdlavuza wesibeletho?

Isigaba somdlavuza siwukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani. Ukwazi lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuhleleni ukwelashwa. Kunezigaba ezine eziyinhloko zomdlavuza wesibeletho. Uma inani lesigaba liphansi, umdlavuza awuthuthuki kakhulu. Uma inani liphezulu, isimo siba sibi kakhulu.

• Isigaba I: Lesi sigaba sinezigaba ezincane (IA, IB, IC). Kalula nje, kulesi sigaba, umdlavuza usesibelethweni esisodwa noma eshubhini le-fallopian (IA), noma kokubili emashubhini e-ovari noma kuwo womabili amashubhini e-fallopian (IB). Esigabeni se-IC, umdlavuza usemashubhini womabili noma womabili amashubhini, futhi usakazeke ngaphandle kwesibeletho (kungase kube namaseli oketshezini olusesibelethweni).
• Isigaba II: Lokhu futhi kunezigaba ezincane. Ku-IIA, umdlavuza ususakazeke usuka emaqanda uye esibelethweni. Ku-IIB, ususakazeke nakwezinye izitho endaweni ye-pelvic.
• Isigaba III: Lesi sigaba sinezigaba ezintathu ezincane (IIIA, IIIB, IIIC). Ku-IIIA, umdlavuza ususakazeke ngale kwe-pelvis, ungene esiswini (ngokungabonakali), noma kuma-lymph node. Ku-IIIB, isimila sifinyelela kumasentimitha ama-2 ngobukhulu, ngale kwe-pelvis, noma kuma-lymph node. Ku-IIIC, umdlavuza ususakazeke ngale kwe-pelvis, kanti isimila sikhulu kunamasentimitha ama-2, noma kuma-lymph node. Kuleli qophelo, izitho ezifana nesibindi kanye ne-spleen nazo zingathinteka.
• Isigaba IV: Lesi yisigaba esibi kakhulu. Kulesi sigaba, umdlavuza ususakazekele ezithweni ezifana nesibindi kanye ne-spleen. Ku-IVA, usesemaphashini, kanti ku-IVB, ususakazekele kuma-lymph node endaweni yesinqe noma esifubeni.

Ungesabi ukuzwa ngalezi zigaba. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela konke.Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukwakha uhlelo lokwelashwa olufanela wena.

Umdlavuza wesibeletho welashwa kanjani?

Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa komdlavuza ukususa amangqamuzana omdlavuza amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, noma ukuwasusa ngokuphelele. Izindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko zomdlavuza wesibeletho yilezi:

• Ukuhlinzwa: Lokhu kuvame ukuba yindlela yokwelapha eyinhloko. Lokhu kuvame ukuhilela ukususa izitho zakho zokuzala (ama-ovari, amashubhu e-fallopian, isibeletho) nanoma yiziphi izitho lapho umdlavuza usakazeke khona. Udokotela ohlinzayo angenza i-laparoscopy (ukuhlinzwa okuncane okwenziwa ngokusika okuncane esiswini) noma i-laparotomy (ukuhlinzwa okuvulekile okwenziwa ngokusika okukhulu esiswini).
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Lokhu kungenziwa ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali uhlobo lomuthi oluhlasela futhi lubhubhise amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lunganikezwa ngemithambo yegazi noma njengamaphilisi athathwa ngomlomo.
• Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe: Lolu futhi uhlobo lomuthi oluhlonza futhi luhlasele amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kushintsha indlela amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhula futhi ahlukana ngayo.
• Ukwelashwa ngama-hormone: Eminye imidlavuza yesibeletho isebenzisa ama-hormone ukuze ikhule. Lokhu kwelashwa kuvimbela lawo ma-hormone, kunciphise noma kumise ukukhula komdlavuza.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Ukwelashwa ngemisebe akuvamile ukusetshenziswa kumdlavuza wesibeletho.

Ngemva kokwelashwa umdlavuza wesibeletho, udokotela wakho uzofuna ukukubona njalo futhi akuqaphe. Bazoqhubeka nokwenza izivivinyo zokuhlola ukuthi umdlavuza ubuyile yini. Kufanele utshele udokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izimpawu noma ukungakhululeki onakho phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Ngezinye izikhathi, izivivinyo zokuthwebula izithombe, njenge-CT scan, zingenziwa.

Yini okufanele ilindelwe umuntu onomdlavuza wesibeletho?

Ngisho noma ukwelashwa sekuphelile, udokotela wakho uzokubona njalo. Phakathi nalokhu kuhambela, uzokhuluma ngezimpawu zakho, ukukhathazeka kwakho, kanye nokwesaba kwakho. Kubalulekile ukunaka kakhulu umzimba wakho. Uma uzizwa ungavamile, tshela udokotela wakho. Ukulandelela ngemva kokwelashwa kubaluleke kakhulu.

Lingakanani izinga lokusinda komdlavuza wesibeletho?

Lokhu kuyinkinga ebucayi kancane. Izinga lokusinda iminyaka emihlanu yomdlavuza wesibeletho cishe lingama-49%. Lokho kusho ukuthi cishe ama-49% abantu abatholakale benomdlavuza wesibeletho basaphila eminyakeni emihlanu ngemva kokuxilongwa.

Nokho, kubalulekile ukukhumbula lokhu: Lezi zibalo zimane ziyizilinganiso. Azikutsheli ukuthi uzophila isikhathi esingakanani noma ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakho kuzophumelela kangakanani. Wonke umuntu uhlukile.Kunezinto eziningi ezithinta lokhu, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lomdlavuza, isigaba sawo, impilo yakho iyonke, kanye nempendulo yakho ekwelashweni. Ukwelashwa okusha kuyathuthukiswa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngakho-ke, uma unemibuzo mayelana nalezi zibalo, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile nangokwethembeka.

Ingabe umdlavuza wesibeletho ungavinjelwa?

Ayikho indlela yokuvimbela ngokuphelele umdlavuza wesibeletho. Kodwa-ke, ukwazi umlando womndeni wakho kungakusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi usengozini enkulu yini yokuba nomdlavuza wesibeletho.

Uma unesifo sofuzo, njengokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ze-BRCA, udokotela wakho angase akuncomele ukuhlinzwa okunciphisa ingozi ukuze kususwe ama-ovari akho nama-tubes e-fallopian ngaphambi kokuba abe umdlavuza. Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi une-BRCA noma olunye ushintsho lwezakhi zofuzo, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo .

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma uqhubeka nokuba nezimpawu zomdlavuza wesibeletho esixoxe ngazo ekuqaleni (isibonelo, amaqhubu angavamile, ubuhlungu besisu, ukuqunjelwa), qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela. Ungesabi, kodwa kuwukuhlakanipha ukuya kohlolwa.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Uma kutholakale ukuthi unomdlavuza wesibeletho, kuvamile ukuba nemibuzo eminingi engqondweni yakho. Ungase ufune ukubuza udokotela wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Ikuphi ithumba elinomdlavuza?
• Ingabe umdlavuza usabalale? Uma kunjalo, kuze kube nini?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okuncomayo?
• Ukwelashwa kwami ​​kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani?
• Ngizokwazi yini ukuya emsebenzini ngesikhathi sokwelashwa?
• Ingabe zikhona izinsiza zokuthola usizo ngomdlavuza wesibeletho?

Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba, udabukile, futhi udumele uma uthola ukuthi unomdlavuza. Uma wena noma othandekayo wakho enomdlavuza wesibeletho, ungase uzizwe uwedwa. Kodwa awuwedwa. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ngalesi sikhathi esinzima. Buza ngamaqembu okusekelana bese uwajoyina. Ukukhuluma nabantu ababhekene nezinto ezifanayo nawe kungakusiza ukuthi ubhekane nale mizwa enzima.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Umdlavuza wesibeletho yinto okufanele sikhathazeke ngayo. Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela, ukunaka izimpawu, nokufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha uma kudingeka.

Uwazi kahle umzimba wakho. Uma ubona noma yini engavamile noma engavamile, ungayinaki. Khuluma nodokotela. Uma usheshe uyibone, kulapho kungenzeka khona ukuthi ukwelashwa kuzophumelela. Ungakhathazeki, awuwedwa. Thola usizo oludingayo.

Umdlavuza Wesibeletho , Impilo Yabesifazane, Izimpawu Zomdlavuza, Ukwelashwa Komdlavuza, I-BRCA Gene, CA-125, I-Gynecology