Ingabe ingane yakho encane iyisithulu? (Ukulahlekelwa Ukuzwa) - Ake sixoxe ngalokhu!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi ingane yakho ayilaleli kahle uma ukhuluma nayo? Noma kubonakala sengathi ayiphenduli kahle emisindweni? Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yokuthi inokukhubazeka kokuzwa. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa' . Ungakhathazeki, uma sikwazi lokhu, singabhekana nalesi simo kahle.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zokukhubazeka kokuzwa?

Kulungile, manje ake sibheke izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokulahlekelwa ukuzwa, noma ukukhubazeka kokuzwa. Izimbangela kanye nokwelashwa kohlobo ngalunye kuhlukile. Ukuze kube sobala, lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi inkinga ikuphi endlebeni, noma ukuthi isemilayezweni eya ebuchosheni.

Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okubangelwa yi-conductor

Lolu uhlobo olulodwa. Kalula nje, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okubangela ukucindezeleka kwenzeka lapho into ethile ivimba umsindo ovela ezweni langaphandle ukuthi ungafinyeleli endlebeni yangaphakathi. Cabanga ngakho njengokuthile okubhajwa epayipini lamanzi. Ngokuvamile kubangelwa yilokhu:

• Ukutheleleka kwendlebe okuvamile.
• I-Earwax isho ukuthi i-earwax isiqongelelene futhi yaba lukhuni .
• Kukhona okungahambi kahle ngamathambo amathathu amancane asendlebeni ephakathi.

Esikhathini esiningi, lolu hlobo lokulahlekelwa ukuzwa lungelapheka ngemithi noma ngokuhlinzwa okuncane.

Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwe-sensorineural (SNHL)

Lokhu kuhlukile kancane. Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa yizinzwa (SNHL) kwenzeka lapho kunomonakalo engxenyeni ezwelayo yendlebe yangaphakathi, i-cochlea , noma emthanjeni wokuzwa othwala umsindo usuka lapho uye ebuchosheni. Lokhu kuvame ukuba imbangela yokulahlekelwa ukuzwa unomphela.

Kungase kube nezizathu eziningana zalokhu:

• Uma othile emndenini enalesi simo, kungaba yi-genetic .
• Ezinye izifo zofuzo zingavela njengengxenye yesifo sofuzo .
• Ngenxa yezifo ezithile ezitholwa ngumama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, noma izifo ezitholwa ngumntwana kamuva (isibonelo , i-meningitis ).
• Ngenxa yokusebenzisa imithi ethile eyingozi ezindlebeni (imithi ebulala amagciwane) .
• Ukuchayeka njalo emisindweni ephezulu kakhulu nakho kungathinta lokhu.

Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuxubile

Igama liyakusikisela, akunjalo? Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuxubile kuyinhlanganisela yokulahlekelwa ukuzwa okukhulunywa ngakho ngaphambilini kanye nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa yizinzwa. Lokho kusho ukuthi kunenkinga ngendlela umsindo ohamba ngayo endlebeni, futhi kunenkinga ngendlebe yangaphakathi noma emsipheni.

Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuphakathi

Lokhu akuvamile. Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuphakathiKubangelwa ukulimala kwezingxenye zobuchopho ezihumusha futhi zihlaziye izimpawu zomsindo ezivela endlebeni ngemva kokuba zifike ebuchosheni. Ngisho noma indlebe ilungile, ubuchopho abukwazi ukuyicubungula kahle.

Inkinga yokucubungula izindlebe (i-APD)

Lesi futhi isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Izingane ezine -auditory processing disorder (APD) zinomuzwa omuhle wokuzwa. Lokho kusho ukuthi ukuhlolwa kokuzwa kungaba okuvamile. Kodwa-ke, ubuchopho bunobunzima bokuhlukanisa nokuqonda imisindo ehamba isuka endlebeni iye ebuchosheni, ikakhulukazi amagama akhulunywayo. Cabanga nje, ekamelweni elinabantu abaningi abakhulumayo, kunzima ngomuntu oyedwa ukuqonda lokho akushoyo. Bangase babe nobunzima bokuhlukanisa amagama nomsindo, ukuthola indlela umsindo oqondiswa ngayo, nokuqonda inkulumo esheshayo.

Kungani lokhu kulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwenzeka?

Umbuzo abazali abaningi abawubuzayo uthi, 'Kungani lokhu kwenzeke enganeni yethu?' Eqinisweni, kuvame ukuba nzima ukuthola imbangela ethile . Kodwa-ke, kunezici ezithile eziyingozi ezandisa amathuba okuba ingane ilahlekelwe ukuzwa. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini:

• Ukuzalwa unokukhubazeka kwendlebe okuzalwa nakho.
• Ukukhubazeka kokuzwa kwamanye amalungu omndeni, ikakhulukazi ebuntwaneni.
• Ingane yazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, noma kwadingeka ithole ukwelashwa eYunithi Yokunakekelwa Okujulile Kwezingane Ezisanda Kuzalwa (i-NICU) ngemva kokuzalwa.
• Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, i-jaundice enamazinga aphezulu e-bilirubin adinga ukumpontshelwa igazi.
• Ukutheleleka njalo kwendlebe, ukubhoboka kwezindlebe, noma ukuchayeka emisindweni emikhulu.
• Uhlushwa izifo ezinkulu ezifana ne -meningitis noma i-cytomegalovirus (CMV) .
• Ukuthatha izinhlobo ezithile zemithi ye-Ototoxic (lena inikezwa kuphela uma kudingeka kakhulu ngokweseluleko sikadokotela).

Kungenzeka ngezizathu ezinjengalezi. Kodwa khumbula, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kungenzeka ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi zalezi zinto.

Ziyini izimpawu zokulahlekelwa ukuzwa?

Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngoba ingane encane ingase ingaqondi ukuthi uthini kuyo . Lokhu kunzima kakhulu ukukubona ezinganeni ezincane kakhulu. Izingane ezinenkinga yokuzwa zingase zingasabeli emisindweni noma enkulumweni. Futhi, ikhono lazo lokukhuluma, okungukuthi, ukuthuthukiswa kolimi, lingase liphuze.

Uma ingane yakho ingaphenduli kulezi zinto phakathi nonyaka wokuqala, kufanele nakanjani ukhulume nodokotela.

Izici zezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa kanye nezinsana ezinezinyanga ezimbalwa ubudala

• Usana olusanda kuzalwa: Lapho ngokuzumayo bezwa umsindo omkhulu, bayathuka futhi babonakale 'behlanza'.
• Cishe izinyanga ezintathu: Uyawabona amazwi kamama nobaba .
• Cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha: Uphendula amehlo noma abheke emsindweni omusha. Ukuphindaphinda kuzwakala njengokuthi 'uh...', 'ah...'.
• Izinyanga ezingu-12, okungaba unyaka: Kwenza umsindo othi 'ba ba ba', 'ma ma ma' , uphendula igama lakhe , uzama ukulingisa amagama, usho amagama ambalwa afana no-'amma' no-'ta ta'.

Lezi zinyathelo ezibalulekile zentuthuko zibaluleke kakhulu. Qaphela uma zibambezeleka.

Izici zezingane ezindala kancane

Njengoba ingane ikhula, izimpawu zokulahlekelwa ukuzwa zingase zihlanganise:

• Inkulumo ilinganiselwe, ayicaci, noma ayikhulunywa nhlobo .
• Kubonakala sengathi awukunaki okushiwoyo, futhi awulandeli imiyalelo .
• Akaphenduli uma ekhulunywa ngezwi elivamile, noma anikeze izimpendulo ezingafanele .
• Uma kunomsindo omningi nxazonke, usheshe ukhathazeke futhi uzizwe ucasukile .
• Udinga ukukhulisa ivolumu ku-TV kakhulu .
• Kuvela ubunzima bokufunda .

Ezinye izinkinga zokuzwa zingase zikhule kancane kancane ngemva kokuzalwa, noma zingase zingaveli kuze kube yilapho ingane yakho ikhula. Uma unenkinga ngokuzwa kwengane yakho, khuluma nodokotela ngokushesha. Ingane yakho ingadinga ukudluliselwa kudokotela wezindlebe ukuze ihlolwe ngokuphelele ukuzwa.

Uyibona kanjani le nkinga?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuhlonza le nkinga kusenesikhathi . Ngoba uma ukwelashwa kuqalwa ingane ingakafiki ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ubudala, imiphumela iba yimpumelelo enkulu . Yingakho zonke izingane ezisanda kuzalwa manje zihlolwa ukuhlolwa kokuzwa ngaphambi kokuphuma esibhedlela.

Cabanga nje, uma ungazange ukwazi ukuhlola ingane yakho ngaphambi kokuba iye ekhaya, noma uma ingane yakho yazalelwa ekhaya noma kwenye indawo yokubeletha, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola ukuzwa kwengane yakho phakathi namasonto amathathu okuqala empilo .

Ukwehluleka ukuphumelela lokhu kuhlolwa kokuqala akusho ukuthi umntwana ngeke neze abe nomuzwa wokuzwa. Kodwa-ke, kusho ukuthi kufanele ahlolwe kabusha ngokushesha okukhulu, kungakapheli inyanga eyodwa yokuzalwa. Uma kuqinisekiswa ukuthi kukhona ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, ukwelashwa kufanele kuqalwe ngokushesha.

Ngisho nezingane ezinezindlebe ezivamile kufanele zihlolwe izindlebe zazo njalo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwazo okuvamile kwezokwelapha. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwezindlebe kuvame ukwenziwa lapho zineminyaka engu-4, 5, 6, 8, kanye nengu-10 , kanye naphakathi kweminyaka eyi-10 nengu-12 (engaphansi kweminyaka eyi-12) kanye naphakathi kweminyaka yobusha . Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela uzohlola izindlebe zakho nganoma yisiphi isikhathi uma kukhona ukungabaza ngokuzwa kwakho.

Iphathwa kanjani?

Izindlela zokwelapha zincike ohlotsheni lokulahlekelwa ukuzwa, imbangela yako, kanye nobunzima besimo.Ngakho-ke. Izingane ezinenkinga yokuzwa unomphela zidinga usizo lwethimba lochwepheshe lapho zizelapha. Leli qembu lihlanganisa udokotela wezindlebe , udokotela wezindlebe, impumulo nomphimbo (udokotela we-ENT) , umelaphi wolimi lokukhuluma , kanye nochwepheshe wezemfundo .

Izingane ezinezinhlobo ezithile zokulahlekelwa ukuzwa zingasizwa ngokwelashwa, ukwelashwa, kanye nokuhlinzwa. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini:

Izinsiza zokuzwa

" Izinsiza zokuzwa ziyakhulisa futhi zicacise umsindo. Uma izingane ezizalwa zinenkinga yokuzwa unomphela ziqala ukusebenzisa izinsiza zokuzwa zingakafiki ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ubudala , intuthuko yazo yolimi ingcono kakhulu."

"Akukho into ethi 'lolu uhlobo olungcono kakhulu losizo lokuzwa.' Udokotela wakho wezokulalela uzokusiza ukhethe olufanele izidingo zengane yakho. Izingane eziningi ezinenkinga yokuzwa kuzo zombili izindlebe zisebenzisa izinsiza zokuzwa ezimbili."

Izinhlelo ze-FM

" Uhlelo lwe-FM (ukuguquguquka kwemvamisa - uhlelo lwe-FM) lunciphisa umsindo wangemuva ongadingeki futhi lwenze izwi lesipikha lizwakale ngokucacile nangokuzwakalayo. Cabanga ngothisha ekilasini lesikole egqoke imakrofoni encane kanye ne-transmitter . Isignali kagesi evela kulo mthumeli iya ku- receiver , noma ngabe igqokwe yingane endlebeni noma ixhunywe ku-hearing aid uqobo. Njengoba lokhu kungathwalwa, kungasetshenziswa ekhaya noma kwezinye izindawo ezinomsindo."

Izimila ze-Cochlear

" Izimila ze-cochlear zingasiza izingane ezinenkinga yokuzwa kakhulu ezingakwazi ukuzuza ngezinsiza zokuzwa. Lena idivayisi efakwa ngokuhlinzwa endlebeni . Isebenza ngokugwema izingxenye zendlebe ezingasebenzi kahle futhi ivuselele ngqo inzwa yokuzwa. Ngokuqeqeshwa okufanele kanye nokwelashwa, izingane ezinezimila ze-cochlear zingafunda ukuzwa nokukhuluma kahle."

Ukulungiswa/ukulungiswa kokuzwa

" Ukulungiswa kokuzwa kuyinqubo yokusiza izingane ezizalwa zinenkinga yokuzwa ukuthi zizwe futhi zixhumane nabanye. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi i-Auditory-Verbal Therapy (AVT) , ukwelashwa kokukhuluma, ukufunda izindebe, noma ukufunda uLimi Lwezandla LwaseMelika (ASL) . Udokotela wakho we-audiologist nodokotela bazosebenza nawe ukuthola indlela engcono kakhulu yokuxhumana kwengane yakho. Izingane ezilahlekelwa ukuzwa njengoba zikhula zifunda lezi zindlela zokuxhumana, okubizwa ngokuthi ukuvuselelwa kokuzwa ."

Yini enye okudingeka siyazi?

Ngisho nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuncane kungathinta inkulumo yengane, ulimi, ukufunda, kanye namakhono okuxhumana nabantu. Yingakho kubalulekile ukudlulisela izinsana nezingane ezincane ezinenkinga yokuzwa ezinhlelweni zokungenelela kusenesikhathi . Lezi zinhlelo zinikeza izinsizakalo zokwelapha zamahhala ezinganeni ezifanelekayo. Izingane ezindala zingase zifanelekele izinsizakalo zemfundo ekhethekile lapho ziqala isikole.

Ukuthola lolu sizo kusenesikhathi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukubambezeleka kokukhula kwengane nokuthuthukisa intuthuko yayo iyonke.

Ungathola futhi ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nokusekelwa ngalokhu ku-inthanethi. Isibonelo:

• Ingxenye ethi 'Ukulahlekelwa Yizindlebe Ezinganeni' yewebhusayithi ye -CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) .
• Iwebhusayithi ye -American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) .

Khumbula njengesifinyezo

Kulungile, ngakho-ke kusukela kulokho esikuxoxile, bekufanele ngabe uqonde ukuthi kuyini ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa ezinganeni, izimbangela zako, izimpawu, ukuxilongwa, kanye nokwelashwa. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma unokungabaza okuncane kakhulu ngokuzwa kwengane yakho, ungakushayi indiva futhi ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

• Ukuhlonza kusenesikhathi kanye nokungenelela kusenesikhathi kuyizinto ezinhle kakhulu zekusasa lengane.
• Qiniseka ukuthi zonke izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ziyahlolwa ukuzwa .
• Qaphela izinyathelo zokukhula kwengane yakho.
• Uma kutholakale ukuthi unenkinga yokuzwa, funa usizo eqenjini lochwepheshe abafanele .
• Khumbula, awuwedwa. Ngokusekelwa nokwazi okufanele, ungabhekana nalesi simo ngempumelelo. Ungavumeli lokhu kuvimbele ingane yakho ukuba iphile impilo ejabulisayo nephumelelayo njenganoma yimuphi omunye umntwana.

Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, ukuzwa, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa ezinganeni, Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, ukuhlolwa kokuzwa, izinsiza zokuzwa, izimila ze-cochlear