Ingabe ingane yakho iyabhajwa lapho iphimisela amagama? Ake sifunde nge-Phonological Disorder!

Wake waphawula ukuthi ingane yakho encane ayiwaphimisi kahle amagama athile lapho ikhuluma? Mhlawumbe isho uhlamvu olulodwa esikhundleni solunye, noma isho igama elinokuqala noma ukuphela kohlamvu. Kuvamile ukuthi izingane zenze la maphutha amancane lapho zifunda ulimi. Kodwa-ke, kwabanye abantwana, lawa maphethini okukhuluma angase aqhubeke isikhathi eside (ngokuvamile aneminyaka emi-3 noma emi-4 ubudala). Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngesinye isimo esinjalo.

Iyini le nkinga yefonetiki?

Kalula nje, isifo sefonetiki uhlobo lokuphazamiseka komsindo wenkulumo. Izingane ezinalesi simo zinobunzima bokuhlela inkulumo, okungukuthi, imisindo eyakha amagama esiwakhulumayo. Zicabange unezinhlamvu (imisindo) ezakha amagama, kodwa unenkinga yokuzihlanganisa ukuze zakhe igama.

Manje ungase uzibuze, ingabe lokhu kufana nokuthi ezinye izingane zibiza uhlamvu "s" njengohlamvu "th"? Lokho kubizwa ngokuthi i-Articulation Disorder . Kulapho ingane iba nobunzima bokusebenzisa umlomo, ulimi, nezindebe ukukhiqiza umsindo ofanele. Kodwa-ke, ku-Phonological Disorder, ingane ingakhiqiza imisindo, kodwa inkinga ifika lapho leyo misindo ihlanganiswa, ihlelwe, futhi isetshenziswa ukwakha amagama.

Isibonelo, igama elithi "ibhola" lakhiwe ngemisindo ethi "bo" kanye nethi "le". Ingane enenkinga yefonetiki ingathi "bobo" esikhundleni sethi "ibhola", noma ingathi "le" kuphela.

Ngokuvamile, izingane ezincane zenza lolu hlobo lwamaphutha uma zifunda ulimi. Kodwa lapho zineminyaka emi-3 noma emi-4 ubudala, la maphutha azophela kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma ingane inenkinga yefonetiki, lawa maphethini okukhuluma angalungile angaqhubeka ngisho nangemva kwaleyo minyaka.

Ngezinye izikhathi lesi simo singazenzekela sodwa. Noma singavela ngokukhubazeka kokufunda njenge -dyslexia . Eqinisweni, kubhekwa njengembangela enkulu ye-dyslexia. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi wonke umuntu onenkinga ye-phonological uzoba ne-dyslexia, futhi akusho ukuthi wonke umuntu onesifo se-dyslexia unayo.

Ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi ngisho namacala anzima e-Phonological Disorder angelashwa ngempumelelo ngokusebenzisana nodokotela wezifo zolimi lokukhuluma . Amanye amacala amancane angase abe ngcono ngokwawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngokuvamile cishe eminyakeni eyi-6.

Lesi simo sibizwa nangokuthi "izinkinga zokucubungula i-phonological" kanye "nezinkinga zokukhuluma nge-phonological."

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezinkinga ze-phonological?

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokhu:

1.Ukuphazamiseka Kwezwi Okuqhubekayo: Kulesi simo, ingane yakho yenza iphutha elifanayo lokukhuluma ngokuphindaphindiwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi singalibona kusengaphambili iphutha.

• Isibonelo, mhlawumbe uhlala esebenzisa umsindo othi "da" esikhundleni somsindo othi "ga" (njengo "dedara" esikhundleni sika "gedara").
• Noma, ungwaqa wokuqala wegama uyasuswa bese uphinyiselwa (njengokuthi "at" uma uthi "cat", "ag" uma uthi "tag"). NgesiSinhala, igama elithi "kaputa" liphinyiselwa njengelithi "aputa".

2. Ukuphazamiseka kwezwi okungaguquki: Kulokhu, ingane iphimisa igama elifanayo ngendlela ehlukile isikhathi ngasinye.

• Isibonelo, uma uzama ukusho igama elithi "inja," ungase uthi "palla" kanye, "nalla" futhi, bese uthi "kalla" futhi.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi phakathi kuka-8% no-9% wezingane ezincane e-United States zinesimo esithile sokuphazamiseka komsindo wokukhuluma. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-Articulation Disorder kanye ne-Phonological Disorder.

Yiziphi izimpawu zesifo se-phonological?

Lokhu kungahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Izingane ezinezinkinga zefonetiki zinezindlela zazo zokukhuluma ezihlukile.

Nazi ezinye zezimpawu ezivamile:

• Amanye amakhonsathi ashintsha imisindo yawo. Isibonelo, igama elithi "ka" liphinyiselwa esikhundleni selithi "ta" (njengelithi "kopi" esikhundleni selithi "topi").
• Amagama amaningi anamagama amaningi, okusho amagama anamagama amaningi, kungaba nzima ukuwabiza. Ukusho igama elifana nelithi "train" kungaba yinto edidayo.
• Umsindo wongwaqa uyasuswa. Isibonelo, esikhundleni sokuthi "isikole", kuthiwa "kola".
• Kuphinyiswa isilabhili esisodwa kuphela segama elinamalungu amabili. Njengelithi "puwa" noma "tuwa" esikhundleni selithi "putuwa".
• Ukuphinda isilabhili esifanayo ukuze kube lula igama. Isibonelo, "baba" esikhundleni sika-"baba". (Lokhu kuvamile esemncane kakhulu, kodwa uma kuqhubeka, udinga ukunaka).

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-Phonological Disorder?

Eqinisweni, odokotela abasazi kahle ukuthi kungani ezinye izingane ziba nalesi simo kanti ezinye azisitholi. Abasitholi njalo isizathu esicacile. Bakholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kuyinhlanganisela yezici zofuzo kanye nezemvelo .

Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi?

Nakuba izimbangela eziqondile zingacacile, kunezici ezithile eziyingozi ezingase zandise amathuba okuba ingane yakho ibe nesifo sokuphazamiseka kwezwi. Lezi zifaka:

• Uma kukhona emndenini oke waba nezinkinga zomsindo wokukhuluma ngaphambili.
• Uma kukhona ukubambezeleka kwentuthuko .
• Uma kukhona ukuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo okuthinta inkulumo nolimi.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa , okungukuthi, uma kukhona ukukhubazeka kokuzwa.
• Uma unezinkinga zemizwa .

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona uma i-Phonological Disorder ingelashwa?

Uma lesi simo singelashwa, kungase kube nezinkinga ezithile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Kuvela izinselele zemfundo.
• Ukuqonda okunciphile.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kolimi okulibazisekile.
• Ubunzima bokuxhumana nabanye.
• Amakhono okufunda aphansi.
• Ubunzima bokwakha imisho.

Cabanga nje, uma lokhu kungaxazululwa esemncane, lo mntwana angase abe nobunzima bokukhuluma nabangani, ukuqonda lokho okushiwo uthisha, nokufunda izincwadi lapho eya esikoleni. Lokhu kunganciphisa ukuzethemba kwakhe futhi kuphazamise ukufunda kwakhe.

Ungayibona kanjani inkinga ye-phonological?

Ukuze kutholakale lokhu, ingane yakho kufanele ihlolwe yi- Spooch-Language Pathologist . Phakathi nalokhu kuhlolwa, udokotela wezokwelapha angase acele ingane yakho ukuthi yenze izinto ezifana nalezi:

• Yisho amagama athile.
• Funda ngokuzwakalayo.
• Phinda imishwana ethile.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kokukhuluma kuvumela udokotela ukuthi akhiphe ezinye izimo ezifana nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa, izimo zezinzwa, noma ukukhubazeka kwengqondo.

Kuphathwa kanjani lokhu?

Odokotela basebenzisa ukwelashwa kwenkulumo ukwelapha izifo zefonetiki. Uchwepheshe wenkulumo nolimi uzokwakha uhlelo lokwelapha oluhambisana nezidingo ezithile zengane yakho.

Umgomo oyinhloko walolu hlobo lokwelapha "ukususa" amaphethini omsindo ingane ewafunde ngendlela engafanele lapho ifunda ulimi, nokufundisa amaphethini afanele. Ukuze enze lokhu, umelaphi usebenzisa imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ehlobene nokulalela nokukhuluma. Isibonelo:

• Ubuciko nemisebenzi yezandla, njengokudweba nombala.
• Ukudlala imidlalo yebhodi.
• Ukusebenzisa amakhadi e-flashcard.
• Umdlalo wokuzifihla nokufuna.
• Umdlalo ofana nokudla izimbuzi (i-Hopscotch).

Konke lokhu kwenziwa ngendlela eyenza kube mnandi ngengane ukufunda nokuzijabulisa.

Iyini inhloso yezinkinga ze-phonological?

Isifo se-Phonological singalapheka ngokuphelele , ikakhulukazi ezinganeni eziqala ukwelashwa kokukhuluma zisencane. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela incike ebunzimeni besimo nokuthi uqala nini ukwelashwa.

Ingabe lokhu kungavinjelwa?

Kwezinye izimo, kunezinto ezingasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuphazamiseka kwezwi. Nazi ezinye izeluleko:

• Hlola ingane yakho njalo ukuthi ayinawo yini umsindo wokuzwa . Ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokulahlekelwa okuncane kokuzwa kungathinta indlela ekhuluma ngayo.
• Dlala imidlalo nengane yakho edinga ukulalela nokukhuluma .
• Fundela ingane yakho izincwadi nsuku zonke . Lokhu kuzoyisiza ukuthi iqonde kangcono amagama kanye nemisindo.

Khumbula, ukuphazamiseka kwenkulumo kuvame ukwenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo. Uma ingane yakho inenkinga yefonetiki, akusho ukuthi wenze into engalungile. Ngezinye izikhathi kumane kuyenzeka.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma ukhathazekile ngenkulumo yengane yakho kanye nokuthuthukiswa kolimi, khuluma nodokotela wezingane . Ngokuvamile,

• Uma ingane yakho ineminyaka emibili ubudala , kufanele uqonde cishe u-50% walokho ekushoyo.
• Uma ingane yakho ineminyaka engu-4 ubudala , kufanele ukwazi ukuqonda okuningi kwalokho ekushoyo.

Ikakhulukazi, bonana nodokotela uma ingane yakho yenza noma yikuphi kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• Uma ungakwazi ukwenza imisindo yokukhuluma ngisho nangemva kweminyaka eyi-6 .
• Uma enamahloni ngezinselele zakhe zokukhuluma.
• Ngisho nangemva kweminyaka engu-7, kulungile ukuyeka eminye imisindo yokukhuluma, noma ukushintsha omunye ngomunye.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhathazekile uma uthola ukuthi ingane yakho inesifo sokusebenzisa ifonetiki. Nansi eminye imibuzo ongayibuza udokotela:

• Ingakanani inkinga yokukhuluma yengane yami?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo enganeni yami?
• Ingane yami izodinga isikhathi esingakanani ukwelashwa kokukhuluma?
• Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele ngizibheke ekhaya?
• Ngingenzani ngengane yami ukuze ngiyisize?

Ufuna ingane yakho iphumelele empilweni futhi ibe nokuhlangenwe nakho okuhle. Njengomzali, ukufunda ukuthi ingane yakho inenkinga yokukhuluma kungaba umthombo wokukhathazeka nokwesaba. "Izoxhumana kanjani nabanye?", "Izokwazi yini ukwenza abangane?", "Izokwazi yini ukusebenzelana kahle nezinye izingane?" Konke lokhu kuyizinto ezivamile ezikhathazayo. Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukukhuluma nodokotela wezingane wengane yakho. Ezimweni eziningi, izingane eziqala ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi zingafunda ukukhuluma kahle futhi ziphile impilo evamile.

Khumbula into ebaluleke kakhulu (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

• Uma ingane yakho ilokhu inginda, ishintshashintsha izinhlamvu, noma ishiya izinhlamvu lapho ikhuluma, kungaba yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Phonological Disorder.
• Okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi ingane ayikwazi ukuhlela kahle imisindo edingekayo ukwakha amagama.
• Lesi simo singelapheka uma sitholakale kusenesikhathi futhi kuqalwe ukwelashwa kokukhuluma.
• Uma unenkinga, ungabi namahloni noma wesabe ukubona udokotela wezingane zakho ukuze akunike iseluleko. Uzokudlulisela kudokotela wezifo zolimi lokukhuluma.
• Ukukhuluma nengane yakho, ukudlala nayo, nokufunda izincwadi kungasiza kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ulimi lwengane yakho.

Ungesabi uma uthola ukuthi ingane yakho inenselele encane njengale. Ngesiqondiso nothando olufanele, unganqoba noma yini!

Ukuphazamiseka Kwezwi , ukuphazamiseka kwenkulumo, inkulumo yezingane, ukuxakeka kwamagama, ukushintshashintsha izinhlamvu, ukwelashwa kwenkulumo, ukwelashwa kwenkulumo