Ake sifunde kabanzi nge-pneumonia. Akuyona nje umkhuhlane!

Ingabe ubhekene nomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela okuba kubi kakhulu usuku nosuku, kanye nomuzwa ongavamile wokuqina esifubeni sakho? Mhlawumbe akuyona nje umkhuhlane, kungaba yi-pneumonia. Ungakhathazeki, sizoxoxa ngokuthi iyini i-pneumonia, ukuthi ungayigwema kanjani, nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma uyithola namuhla.

Iyini ngempela i-pneumonia?

Kalula nje, i-pneumonia ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu akho. Kungabangelwa amagciwane, amagciwane, noma ngezinye izikhathi isikhunta. Lokhu kutheleleka kubangela ukuthi izicubu zamaphaphu akho zivuvuke futhi zigcwale uketshezi noma ubomvu obunamanzi. Cabanga ngakho njengesiponji esimunca amanzi. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuphefumula.

I-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane ivame ukuba nzima kakhulu kune-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane. I-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane ivame ukuziphelela yodwa. Lesi simo singathinta iphaphu elilodwa noma womabili amaphaphu. Uma sithinta womabili amaphaphu, sibizwa ngokuthi "i-pneumonia yezinhlangothi zombili" noma "i-pneumonia ephindwe kabili".

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-pneumonia ebangelwa yigciwane kanye ne-bacterial?

Nakuba kokubili kuyizifo zamaphaphu, kunomehluko omncane ezimpawini kuye ngokuthi imbangela iyini. Ukuqonda lo mehluko kubaluleke kakhulu ekwelapheni.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-pneumonia kuye ngokuthi ikhula kanjani.

Odokotela bahlukanisa i-pneumonia ngezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko, kuye ngokuthi uyithole kanjani nokuthi ibangelwa yini.

I-pneumonia etholakala emphakathini (i-CAP)

Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Uma ubamba lesi sifo emphakathini, kunokuba usithole esibhedlela, ngenkathi uphila impilo yakho yansuku zonke, sibizwa ngokuthi 'i-CAP'. Izimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu yilezi:

• Amabhaktheriya: Imbangela eyinhloko yibhaktheriya ethi `Streptococcus pneumoniae`. Lokhu kungabangela nokutheleleka kwezindlebe nezinkinga zama-sinus. I-pneumonia ebangelwa yi-`Mycoplasma pneumoniae` inezimpawu ezimbalwa.
• Amagciwane: Amagciwane anjengomkhuhlane ovamile, umkhuhlane, i-COVID-19, kanye ne-RSV nawo angabangela i-pneumonia.
• Isikhunta: Lokhu akuvamile kangako, kodwa abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka nabo bangaba ne-pneumonia ngenxa yesikhunta.

I-pneumonia etholakale esibhedlela (HAP)

Uma uthola i-pneumonia ngenkathi usesibhedlela ngenxa yesinye isifo noma ukuhlinzwa, ibizwa ngokuthi 'i-HAP.' Lokhu kuyingozi kancane ngoba amagciwane asezibhedlela amelana namanye ama-antibiotic. Isibonelo yi-bacteria ethi 'MRSA.' Ngakho lolu hlobo lunzima kancane ukwelapha.

I-pneumonia yokuphefumula

Lolu futhi uhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu. Uma into oyidlayo, oyiphuzayo, oyikhafulayo, noma oyihlanzayo ingena emaphashini akho ngendlela yakho yokuphefumula, ingatheleleka futhi ibangele lesi simo. Kufana nokudla "okungahambi kahle." Ngokuvamile, singakukhwehlela bese sikususa. Kodwa kulabo abangakwazi ukwenza lokho, ikakhulukazi asebekhulile noma labo abanezinkinga zezinzwa, ingozi inkulu.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi lokhu kumane kungumkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, noma i-pneumonia?

Eqinisweni, izimpawu zazo zonke lezi zifo ezintathu ziyafana, ngakho kulula ukuzidida ngezinye izikhathi. Kodwa-ke, i-pneumonia yisimo esibi esingasongela impilo, ngakho-ke uma unezimpawu ezingezansi , kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela ngokushesha.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-pneumonia?

Nakuba noma ubani engathola i-pneumonia, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.

• Izinsana ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-2 kanye nabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala.
• Abantu abanezifo zamaphaphu ezifana ne-asthma, i-COPD, noma isifo senhliziyo.
• Abantu abanezifo zezinzwa ezifana nesifo sohlangothi kanye nesifo sikaParkinson abenza kube nzima ukugwinya.
• Abantu abasezibhedlela noma ezindaweni zokunakekela asebekhulile.
• Abantu ababhemayo.
• Omama abakhulelwe.
• Abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka (isib. labo abenza i-chemotherapy yomdlavuza, labo abane-HIV/AIDS, labo abaye bafakelwa izitho zomzimba).

Ziyini izimpawu ze-pneumonia?

Izimpawu zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu, futhi izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngembangela.

Izimpawu ze-pneumonia yamagciwane

Lezi zimpawu zingase zivele ngokuzumayo noma kancane kancane.

• Umkhuhlane omkhulu (mhlawumbe kufika ku-40.5 Celsius).
• Ukukhwehlela okune-phlegm ephuzi, eluhlaza okotshani, noma enombala wegazi.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu.
• Ukwanda kwesivinini sokuphefumula kanye nokuphelelwa umoya.
• Ukwanda kwesilinganiso senhliziyo.
• Ukuzizwa ubanda futhi ujuluka.
• Ubuhlungu esifubeni nasesiswini uma ukhwehlela noma uphefumula kakhulu.
• Ukudla akunambitheki.
• Ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba, izindebe, noma izinzipho (i-cyanosis).
• Ukuwohloka komqondo noma ukudideka (ikakhulukazi kwasebekhulile).

Izimpawu ze-pneumonia ebangelwa yigciwane

Lokhu kukhula kancane kancane ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

• Ukukhwehlela okomile.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu.
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha.
• Ukukhathala noma ubuthakathaka obukhulu.

Izimpawu ezibonakala ezinganeni ezincane nasezinsaneni

Ngokuvamile, izingane ezincane azibonisi izimpawu ezifanayo nezabantu abadala. Njengomzali, kufanele ukhathazeke kakhulu ngalokhu.

• Umkhuhlane, ukubanda, ukujuluka.
• Ukukhwehlela.
• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo noma ukuphefumula okusheshayo (i-tachypnea).
• Ukwenqaba ukudla nokuphuza.
• Ukuhlanza.
• Ayinampilo, ihlala ilala.
• Ukukhala njalo nokungaphumuli.
• Ukuncipha kokuchama (ukuncipha kokuchama kwenabukeni).
• Isikhumba esimpunga.
• Ubunzima bokuncela ubisi.

Izimpawu ezibonakala kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 ubudala

Abantu abadala bangase bangakhombisi izimpawu ezivamile njengokukhwehlela nomkhuhlane. Kunalokho, bangase babhekane nezinto ezinjengalezi.

• Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okungazelelwe.
• Ukudla akunambitheki.
• Ukukhathala ngokweqile.

Ingabe i-pneumonia iyathelelana?

Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo. Eqinisweni, lesi sifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-pneumonia asithelelani kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye. Kodwa-ke, amagciwane (amagciwane namabhaktheriya) abangela i-pneumonia ayathelelana.

Isibonelo, umuntu one-influenza angadlulisela umkhuhlane komunye umuntu. Kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu othola umkhuhlane ozoba ne-pneumonia. Kodwa kwabanye abantu, umkhuhlane ungaba mubi kakhulu bese ukhula ube yi-pneumonia. Lokho kusho ukuthi yigciwane elisakazekayo, hhayi i-pneumonia uqobo.

Udokotela uyixilonga kanjani i-pneumonia?

Uma ubona udokotela, uzobuza ngezimpawu zakho, alalele amaphaphu akho nge-stethoscope, bese kuthi uma kudingeka, enze izivivinyo ezimbalwa ezinjengalezi.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-pneumonia?

Ukwelashwa kuncike ohlotsheni lwegciwane elibangele i-pneumonia yakho kanye nobunzima besifo.

• Ama-antibiotic:Lokhu kunikezwa kuphela i-pneumonia yamagciwane. Azisebenzi kuma-virus.
• Imithi yokulwa namagciwane: Imithi efana ne-oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) ngezinye izikhathi inikezwa i-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane. Kodwa-ke, izimo eziningi ze-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane ziyaziphelela zodwa.
• Imithi yokulwa nesikhunta: Le mithi inikezwa uma ukutheleleka kubangelwa yisikhunta.
• Ukwelashwa nge-oxygen: Uma ukuphefumula kunzima, i-oxygen inikezwa ngepayipi lamakhala noma imaski yomlomo.
• Uketshezi lwe-IV (usawoti): Usawoti ufakwa emthanjeni ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.

Ungazilawula kanjani izimpawu ekhaya?

Ngaphezu kwemithi enikezwa udokotela wakho, kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ekhaya.

• Phuza imithi yokubulala izinzwa efana ne-'Paracetamol' noma i-'Ibuprofen' ngenxa yomkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho. Ungalokothi unike izingane ezincane i-aspirin ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.
• Buza udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha umuthi wokukhwehlela, njengoba ukukhwehlela kuyindlela yemvelo yokususa amafinyila emaphashini.
• Phumula ngokwanele. Ukuphumula umzimba wakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze ululame ngokushesha.
• Phuza uketshezi oluningi njengamanzi, ijusi yezithelo, kanye nephalishi.
• Ukusebenzisa i-humidifier, enezela umswakama emoyeni ekamelweni lakho, kungenza ukuphefumula kube lula.

Ungakuvimbela kanjani i-pneumonia?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-pneumonia ukugonyelwa amagciwane ayibangelayo.

• Imithi Yokugoma: Kunemithi yokugoma elwa namagciwane e-'pneumococcal' abangela i-pneumonia (`Pneumovax23®`, `Prevnar13®`). Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nomuthi wokugoma ofanele wena noma umndeni wakho. Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukuthola umuthi wokugoma 'womkhuhlane' kanye nomuthi wokugoma 'we-COVID-19' minyaka yonke. Nikeza izingane zakho ezincane imithi yokugoma eziyidingayo ngesikhathi.
• Gwema ukubhema: Ukubhema konakalisa amaphaphu akho futhi kukwenza ube sengozini enkulu yokutheleleka.
• Geza izandla zakho kahle: Geza izandla zakho njalo ngensipho.
• Indlela yokuphila enempilo: Umuntu odla kahle, ovivinya umzimba, futhi olala ngokwanele unesimiso somzimba esiqinile sokuzivikela.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela bese ngiya ku-ETU?

Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma unezimpawu ezilandelayo, kufanele nakanjani ubonane nodokotela.

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Umkhuhlane noma ukukhwehlela okune-phlegm.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu.
• Ukudla akunambitheki.

Kodwa-ke, uma unezinye zezimpawu ezilandelayo ezimbi kakhulu, hamba uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha.

• Uma kunzima ukuphefumula ngisho noma umi nje.
• Uma ubuhlungu besifuba busha noma buyanda.
• Uma ingqondo yakho iphazamisekile futhi ungakwazi ukucabanga kahle.