Bonke omama nobaba bayesaba lapho bebona ngokuzumayo ubomvu emzimbeni wengane yabo, akunjalo? Bakhathazeka nge-measles, i-chickenpox, noma okunye ukungezwani komzimba. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngesifo esibangela ubomvu, kodwa abantu abaningi abangakhulumi kakhulu ngaso, futhi esingaba yingozi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi komama abakhulelwe. Leyo yi-Rubella. Abanye abantu bayibiza nangokuthi "i-German measles."
Kalula nje, iyini i-Rubella?
I-Rubella yisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa yigciwane elibizwa ngokuthi i-RuV . Uphawu lwayo oluyinhloko ukuqubuka okubomvu okubonakala emzimbeni. Lokhu kuqubuka kuvame ukuqala ebusweni bese kusakazekela emzimbeni wonke zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu. Yingakho abanye abantu bekubiza ngokuthi "isimungumungwane sezinsuku ezintathu."
Kodwa into ebalulekile lapha ukuthi, nakuba ibizwa ngokuthi "isimungumungwane saseJalimane", akuyona isimungumungwane esivame ukusazi. Zombili lezi zifo zibangelwa izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene ngokuphelele zamagciwane. I-Rubella ngokuvamile ayisona isimo esibucayi uma senzeka enganeni encane. Kodwa-ke, uma umama okhulelwe ethola lesi sifo, singaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu enganeni esibelethweni. Ake sibheke kabanzi.
Uhlangothi oluyingozi kakhulu lwe-rubella: I-Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS)
Lolu uhlobo olubi kakhulu noluyingozi kakhulu lwe-rubella. Kalula nje, uma umama ethola i-rubella ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, igciwane lingadluliselwa kusuka kumama liye enganeni yakhe esibelethweni. Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) .
Uma umama ethola i-rubella phakathi nekota yokuqala yokukhulelwa, umntwana usengozini enkulu yokuthola i-CRS, okungadala izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo lapho ezalwa.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lesi simo esiyingozi singavinjelwa ngokuphelele. Okumele ukwenze nje ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awungenwa yi-rubella ngaphambi kokukhulelwa futhi ugonywe uma kudingeka.
Yiziphi izinkinga ingane ezelwe ine-CRS engaba nazo?
Ingane ezelwe nalesi simo ingaba nenkinga eyodwa noma ngaphezulu lapho izalwa.
| Uhlelo oluthintekile | Izinkinga ezingaba khona |
|---|---|
| Amehlo | Ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuphelele ngenxa yezimo ezifana ne-cataracts kanye ne-glaucoma. |
| Ukuzwa | Ukuba yisithulu noma ukuba nezinkinga zokuzwa kusukela ekuzalweni. |
| Inhliziyo | Ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo noma ezinye izinkinga zokuzalwa eziyinkimbinkimbi. |
| Ubuchopho kanye nesistimu yezinzwa | Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchopho okungalungile (i-Microcephaly), ukukhubazeka kokufunda, kanye nezinkinga zokuziphatha. |
| Ezinye izinkinga | Isibindi esikhulu kanye ne-spleen, ama-platelet aphansi egazini (i-thrombocytopenia), isifo samathambo, izinkinga ze-thyroid, kanye nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. |
Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile ze-rubella?
Ezimweni eziningi, uphawu lokuqala lwe-rubella ezinganeni ezincane ukuqubuka. Kodwa-ke, kubantu abadala nasezinganeni ezincane, ezinye izimpawu zingase zivele ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ukuqubuka. Ngokumangalisayo, cishe abantu abangu-50% abangenwe yileli gciwane ababi nazo izimpawu. Kodwa-ke, noma bengenazo izimpawu, basengasabalalisa lesi sifo kwabanye.
Lezi yizimpawu ezivame ukubonakala:
- Ubomvu: Kuqala ebusweni bese kusakazeka phansi.
- Izinga lokushisa lomzimba: Aliphezulu kakhulu, umkhuhlane omncane nje.
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu
- Iso elipinki
- Impumulo egobhozayo, njengomkhuhlane
- Umphimbo obuhlungu nokukhwehlela
- Ama-lymph node avuvukele: Ama-lymph node avuvukele, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kwezindlebe nasentanyeni.
- Ubuhlungu bamalunga: Lokhu kuvame kakhulu phakathi kwabesifazane abasebasha.
- I-Malaise
Lesi sifo sidluliselwa kanjani? Sithathelwana isikhathi esingakanani?
I-Rubella yisifo esisakazeka kalula sisuka komunye umuntu siye komunye. Leli gciwane lisakazeka ngamaconsi akhishwa lapho umuntu onegciwane ekhwehlela noma ethimula, futhi umuntu ophilile angasithola lesi sifo ngokuphefumula emoyeni. Lingasakazeka nangokuthinta indawo enaleli gciwane bese uthinta ikhala, umlomo, noma amehlo.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi umuntu angasabalalisa lesi sifo kwabanye kusukela ngesonto ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ukuqhuma kanye nesonto ngemva kokuba kuvele ukuqhuma. Lokhu kusho ukuthi usengasabalalisa lesi sifo komunye umuntu noma ungazi ukuthi unaso.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-rubella ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kubonisani?
Uma uhlela ukukhulelwa, noma usuvele ukhulelwe, udokotela wakho cishe uzokucela ukuthi uhlolwe igazi le-rubella. Lokhu kuhlola ukuthi unawo yini ama-antibodies emzimbeni wakho angalwa negciwane le-rubella.
- Uma umphumela wokuhlolwa "Une-Positive": Kusho ukuthi unama-antibodies emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uke waba ne-rubella ngaphambili, noma uke wathola umuthi wokugomela i-rubella (MMR). Lokhu kuyinto enhle! Kusho ukuthi uvikelekile ku-rubella, ngakho-ke ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa iphansi kakhulu.
- Uma umphumela wokuhlolwa uthi "Unegative": Kusho ukuthi awunawo ama-antibodies okulwa ne-rubella. Lokhu kusho ukuthi usengozini yokuthola lesi sifo. Uma ungakhulelwe, udokotela wakho uzokweluleka ukuthi uthole umuthi wokugomela i-MMR. Kufanele ugweme ukukhulelwa okungenani inyanga eyodwa ngemuva kokuthola umuthi wokugomela. Uma usuvele ukhulelwe, kufanele uhlale kude nezindawo lapho kukhona khona iziguli ze-rubella.
Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwe-rubella
Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninezimpawu ze-rubella, qiniseka ukuthi nibonana nodokotela. Udokotela uzokuxilonga, abheke ukuqhuma, bese ebuza ngezimpawu zakho ukuze azame ukuthola lesi sifo. Bangase benze nokuhlolwa okufana nalokhu ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa:
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola amazinga e-antibody.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-swab okuthathwe ekhaleni noma emphinjeni
- Ukuhlolwa komchamo
Iphathwa kanjani?
Akukho muthi othize wokubulala igciwane le-rubella. Lesi yisifo esivame ukuxazululeka sodwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Esingakwenza nje ukulawula izimpawu.
- Ungathatha umuthi wokuqeda ubuhlungu njengeParacetamol ukuze uthole umkhuhlane nobuhlungu. Kodwa hlala ubonana nodokotela ngaphambi kokunikeza ingane umuthi.
- Phuza amanzi amaningi kanye noketshezi.
- Phumula kahle.
- Ukuze uvimbele ukusabalalisa lesi sifo kwabanye, zihlukanise nabanye okungenani isonto elilodwa ngemva kokuba kuvele ukuqhuma.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-rubella: umuthi wokugomela i-MMR
Ukugoma kuyindlela engcono kakhulu, ephephile, futhi ephumelela kakhulu yokuvikela i-rubella. Izingane zinikezwa umuthi wokugoma we-MMR ngaphansi koHlelo Lukazwelonke Lokugoma eSri Lanka.
- Umuthi wokugomela i-MMR: Lokhu kuvikela kuzo zonke izifo ezintathu: isimungumungwane, ugomela kanye ne-rubella.
- Umuthi wokugomela we-MMRV: Lo muthi wokugomela usetshenziswa nakwamanye amazwe. Ngaphezu kwe-MMR, uvikela futhi kwi-chickenpox (i-Varicella/Chickenpox).
Ngokwesimiso sokugoma sikazwelonke eSri Lanka, ingane ivame ukunikezwa umthamo wokuqala we-MMR ezinyangeni ezingu-9 ubudala kanye nomthamo wesibili eminyakeni engu-3 ubudala. Ukuqeda imithamo yomibili yale mijovo kunikeza isivikelo cishe impilo yonke ngokumelene ne-rubella.
Ubani okungafanele athole umuthi wokugomela i-MMR?
Abantu abalandelayo ngokuvamile abanconywa ukuthi bathole umuthi wokugomela i-MMR. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu.
- Abantu abanokungezwani komzimba okukhulu nanoma yini equkethwe emgomeni.
- Abesifazane abakhulelwe.
- Abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka ngenxa yezifo ezifana ne-HIV/AIDS, umdlavuza, noma imithi abayiphuzayo.
- Abantu abanesifo sofuba.
- Abantu abasanda kumpontshelwa igazi.
Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?
Uma usola ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho ninezimpawu ze-rubella, bonana nodokotela ngokushesha. Ikakhulukazi uma ukhulelwe futhi uke wahlangana nomuntu one-rubella noma uma sekuvele ukuqubuka, ungalibali.
Kufanele uye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU)?
Uma ungowesifazane okhulelwe futhi uhlangabezana nesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, hamba ngokushesha eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU):
- Ukopha ngokweqile
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu
- Umkhuhlane kanye nokubanda
Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokuphuphuma kwesisu. I-Rubella ingabangela ukuphuphuma kwesisu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Rubella (isimungumungwane saseJalimane) igciwane elivame ukungabi yingozi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma umama okhulelwe elithola, lingabangela ukukhubazeka okukhulu kokuzalwa (CRS) enganeni engakazalwa.
- Indlela engcono nephephile yokuzivikela kulesi sifo ukuthola umuthi wokugomela i-MMR . Gomela ingane yakho ngesikhathi.
- Uma ungowesifazane ohlela ukuqala umndeni, thola ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awungenwa yi-rubella ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe. Uma ungenjalo, goma ngeseluleko sikadokotela.
- Uma uba nezimpawu ze-rubella ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma uke wathintana nomuntu onayo, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulibala.
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