Ukuletha umntwana ekhaya kuyinjabulo enkulu. Kodwa kwabanye omama, kanye nale njabulo, baqala ukuzizwa bedabuke kakhulu, benesizungu , kanye nokwesaba. Bayazibuza, 'Kungani lokhu kwenzeka kimi? Angiyena umama omuhle?' Uma uzizwa ngale ndlela, awuwedwa. Lesi yisimo esivame kakhulu. Lesi simo yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ukucindezeleka kwangemva kokubeletha (PPD) . Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe.
Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi nginesifo sokucindezeleka ngemva kokubeletha?
Nakuba sesiyazi isikhathi eside ngokucindezeleka kwangemva kokubeletha, ochwepheshe bathi kuvame ukungahlolwa kahle. Kodwa manje njengoba ulwazi selukhulile, odokotela bafuna izici eziyingozi kusukela ekuqaleni kokuvakasha emtholampilo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Uma usengozini, udokotela wakho uzoqapha impilo yakho yengqondo phakathi nokukhulelwa kwakho. Ngemva kokuthola umntwana wakho, kubalulekile ukuthi wena nabathandekayo bakho (umyeni, umama, umndeni) niqaphele noma yiziphi izinguquko esimweni sakho sengqondo noma izimpawu zokucindezeleka. Udokotela wakho uzohlola lokhu emtholampilo wakho wangemva kokubeletha wamasonto ayi-6.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi lesi akusona isifo esingatholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi noma nge-scan. Kunalokho, udokotela uzokwenza lesi sinqumo ngokukubuza imibuzo embalwa ngesimo sakho sengqondo.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemibuzo ezivame ukusetshenziswa ngale njongo.
| Ithuluzi Lokuhlola | Kalula nje, kwenzekani? |
|---|---|
| Isikali Sokucindezeleka Kwangemva Kokubeletha sase-Edinburgh (EPDS) | Yilokhu odokotela abaningi abakubheka njengendlela engcono kakhulu yokuxilonga i-PPD. Kunezitatimende ezimfushane eziyi-10 lapha. Izinto ezinjengokuthi "Ngazizwa ngikhathazekile noma ngesaba ngaphandle kwesizathu" noma "Ngangicabanga ukuzilimaza." Okufanele ukwenze nje ukungitshela ukuthi uzizwe kangaki lezo zinto ngesonto eledlule. |
| Imibuzo Yemibuzo Yempilo Yesiguli Emibili (i-PHQ-2) | Lolu vivinyo oluyisisekelo oluqukethe imibuzo emibili emifushane kakhulu. Lubuza ukuthi uzizwe kangakanani "ungenasithakazelo sokwenza izinto" noma "udabukile, ungenathemba" emasontweni amabili edlule. |
| Imibuzo Yemibuzo Yempilo Yesiguli Engu-9 (i-PHQ-9) | Uma ukuhlolwa kwe-PHQ-2 ngenhla kubonisa ukuthi unezimpawu zokucindezeleka, udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa lolu hlu lwemibuzo. Bazokubuza ngezinye izimpawu, njengokushintsha kokulala nesifiso sokudla, ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo, kanye nokukhathala. |
Ngaphezu kwalezi mibuzo, udokotela wakho uzokubuza eminye imibuzo ukuze ahlole ubukhali bezimpawu zakho. Ikakhulukazi, bazobuza ukuthi unemicabango yokuzilimaza wena noma ingane yakho . Bazozama futhi ukuthola ukuthi lokhu kuyi-PPD noma esinye isimo, njenge-"Bipolar Disorder" noma i-"Postpartum Psychosis". Bangase futhi bahlole amazinga e-hormone yakho ye-thyroid. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-"Hypothyroidism" ingabangela izimpawu ezifana ne-PPD.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ukucindezeleka kwangemva kokubeletha?
Ngezinye izikhathi lesi simo singathuthuka sodwa ngemva kwezinyanga ezingaba ngu-3 zokuthola umntwana. Kodwa-ke, uma siphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke , noma uma usizi olujwayelekile olubizwa ngokuthi "i-baby blues" luhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili, kufanele nakanjani ufune ukwelashwa.
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi cishe abesifazane abangu-90% abane-PPD bangalulama ngempumelelo ngemithi noma ngokwelashwa kwengqondo kuhlanganiswe nemithi . Futhi, ukubamba iqhaza emaqenjini okusekelana kuwusizo olukhulu.
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ze-PPD noma isimo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Postpartum Psychosis", kungadingeka ukulaliswa esibhedlela. Kwezinye izimo ezinzima kakhulu, lapho imibono engekho, ukuphupha, noma imicabango yokuzibulala kuvamile khona, kusetshenziswa nokwelashwa okubizwa ngokuthi "i-Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)".
Kungcono ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma kungelashwa noma kubambezelekile, lesi simo singaba sibi kakhulu. Ochwepheshe bathole nokuthi i-PPD engalashwanga ingathinta izingane. Izingane ezinjalo zingase zibe nezinkinga zokulala, ukuthuthuka kwengqondo okuphazamisekile, ukungazethembi, kanye nokucasuka okuvamile.
Imithi yokwelapha
Ngokuvamile isinyathelo sokuqala sokwelashwa ukubhekana nezinkinga ezisheshayo njengokulala kanye nesifiso sokudla. Imithi yokucindezeleka iyasebenza kakhulu kulokhu.
Kodwa, uma uncelisa umntwanaUkuthi uzosebenzisa umuthi noma cha, nokuthi yimuphi umuthi okufanele uwukhethe, kuyisinqumo okufanele wena nodokotela wakho nisenze ngokucophelela okukhulu. Amanye ama-antidepressant angadlulela ebisini lebele ngamanani amancane kakhulu. Kukhona impikiswano ethile ngeminye imithi, njenge-`(Lithium)`.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho bese wenza isinqumo ngemva kokuqonda ngokugcwele izinzuzo nezingozi. Uma uthatha imithi, kunconywa ukuthi uyithathe njalo okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha noma unyaka ukuze uvimbele lesi sifo ukuthi singaphinde sivele.
Futhi, uma uke waba ne-PPD ngaphambili, udokotela wakho angase akucebise ukuthi uqale ukuthatha amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo ngokushesha ngemva kokubeletha kwakho okulandelayo noma ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwakho.
I-psychotherapy isisiza kanjani?
Ukwelashwa kwengqondo, noma nje "ukwelashwa ngokukhuluma," kusetshenziselwa i-PPD, kungaba yodwa noma ihlanganiswe nemithi. Udokotela wakho angakudlulisela kumeluleki ofanelekayo ogxile kwi-PPD.
Okumele ukwenze nje ukuhlangana nokukhuluma nomeluleki ngesimiso esibekiwe. Bazokubuza ngempilo yakho nokuthi uzizwa kanjani. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukutshela konke ngokwethembeka, ngaphandle kokwahlulela. Konke okushoyo kuyimfihlo phakathi kwakho nomeluleki.
Kulolu hlobo lokwelapha, umeluleki ukufundisa ukushintsha imicabango yakho emibi kanye nokuziphatha kwakho nokubheka izinto ngendlela ehlukile. Izinhlobo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu zokwelapha ezisetshenziswa kwi-PPD yilezi:
- Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha Kokuqonda (i-CBT): Kalula nje, kukusiza ukuthi ubone futhi ushintshe imicabango emibi neyingozi kanye nokuziphatha okuvela kuyo.
- Ukwelashwa Kokuxhumana Nabantu (IPT): Lokhu kukusiza ukuxazulula ubudlelwano bakho bezenhlalo (ubudlelwano nomlingani wakho, umndeni, abangane) kanye nezinkinga ezibangelwa yibo, nokuphatha lobo budlelwano kangcono.
Izinto ongazenza uma uhlala ne-PPD
Ngesikhathi uthola ukwelashwa, ungazinakekela futhi. Lezi zinto zizoba usizo olukhulu enkambisweni yakho yokululama.
- Zenzele isikhathi: Zinike isikhathi esincane nsuku zonke. Ukuba nomntwana usuku lonke kuyakhathaza kakhulu.
- Phuma ngaphandle: Phuma ngaphandle isikhashana nsuku zonke. Okungenani hambahamba endlini. Ngisho nalolo shintsho oluncane lungaba impumuzo enkulu engqondweni yakho.
- Cela usizo: Ungesabi ukucela usizo kulungu lomndeni noma kumngane omethembayo ngemisebenzi yasekhaya, ukunakekela izingane, noma ukukhuluma ngezinto. Ungazami ukwenza yonke into wedwa.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Uma umzimba wakho usupholile ngemva kokubeletha umntwana, khuluma nodokotela wakho bese uqala isimiso sokuzivocavoca esikufanele. Ukuzivocavoca kusiza kakhulu ekuphumuzeni ingqondo yakho.
- Amaqembu Okusekela:Kuyindlela enhle yokukhuluma nabanye omama abaye baba nokuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo. Cabanga ngokujoyina iqembu lomama abasha endaweni yakini.
Ake sifunde futhi ngezindlela zokwelapha ezihambisanayo kanye nezindlela zokwelapha ezihlukile.
Ungase ungafuni ukuthatha imithi, ikakhulukazi uma uncelisa. Uma kunjalo, ungakhuluma nodokotela wakho ngalezi zindlela ezihlukile. Kodwa khumbula, uma usebenzisa lezi ngaphezu kokwelashwa noma esikhundleni salokho, kufanele nakanjani ufune iseluleko kudokotela wakho.
- I-Yoga: Ngokusho kocwaningo olulodwa, omama abangaphezu kuka-75% abahlushwa ukucindezeleka abenza i-yoga kabili ngesonto bathola ukuthuthuka.
- Ukuhlikihla: Ezinye izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi ukuhlikihla kunganciphisa izimpawu ze-PPD.
- Ukuqeqeshwa Kokuphumula: Ungafunda ukuzithulisa ngezinto ezifana nokuzivocavoca okujulile kanye nezithombe eziqondisiwe.
- Ukuzindla: Ukuzindla kukusiza ukuthi ugxilise ingqondo yakho esikhathini samanje futhi ulahle imicabango engafuneki. Lokhu kungasiza futhi ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka.
Imiphumela yezithasiselo zamakhambi njenge-St. John's wort ixubile. Ukwelashwa nge-acupuncture kanye nokwelashwa ngokukhanya akukabonakali kusebenza kahle ku-PPD.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukucindezeleka ngemva kokubeletha akulona ubuthakathaka bakho, kuyisimo sezokwelapha esidinga ukwelashwa.
- Uma uzizwa udangele, ukhathazekile, noma ungenathemba ngemva kwamasonto amabili ukhulelwe, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Lesi simo singelashwa ngempumelelo enkulu ngemithi kanye nokwelashwa kwengqondo.
- Ungesabi ukucela usizo kumyeni wakho, emndenini nakubangane bakho.
- Ukuphumula, ukulala kahle, ukuzivocavoca, kanye nokuzinika isikhathi sokuba wedwa kubalulekile ukuze ululame.
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