Wake wesaba yini lapho ubona i-mole emzimbeni wakho ikhula ngokuzumayo noma ishintsha umbala? Noma wake waba nokungabaza kancane nge-mole entsha? Iningi lethu alicabangi kakhulu ngezinguquko esikhumbeni sethu. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lezi zinguquko ezincane zingaba nendaba enkulu efihliwe ngaphakathi kwazo. Namuhla sikhuluma ngalokho, okungukuthi, umdlavuza wesikhumba, abantu abaningi abawesabayo, kodwa ungalawulwa uma unolwazi olufanele.
Kalula nje, uyini umdlavuza wesikhumba?
Isikhumba sethu sakhiwe ngamaseli amancane. Ngokuvamile, lawa maseli ayafa njengoba siguga, futhi kukhiqizwa amaseli amasha esikhundleni sawo. Lena inqubo ehlelekile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi lapho isikhumba sethu sichayeka emisebeni ye-UV eyingozi evela elangeni, le nqubo iyaphambuka. Khona-ke amaseli esikhumba aqala ukuhlukana ngokungalawuleki nangokushesha kakhulu.
Kungaba nezinhlobo ezimbili zamaqoqo amasha eseli akha kanje.
1. Izimila ezingezona ezomdlavuza (ezingenobungozi): Lezi azisabalali kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, ngakho azibangeli umonakalo omkhulu.
2. Izimila ezinomdlavuza: Lezi ziyingozi kakhulu ngoba zingasakazekela ezicutshini ezizungezile nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
Ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi iningi lomdlavuza wesikhumba liyalapheka ngokuphelele uma litholakala kusenesikhathi . Yingakho kudingeka siqaphele izinguquko esikhumbeni sethu.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zomdlavuza wesikhumba?
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zomdlavuza wesikhumba. Ake sibheke kafushane lezi.
| Uhlobo lomdlavuza | Ake sifunde ngalokhu. |
|---|---|
| I-Basal Cell Carcinoma | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Luqala kumaseli ayisisekelo, atholakala ngaphansi kwengqimba engaphandle yesikhumba sethu (i-epidermis). Ngokuvamile luwuhlobo olukhula kancane, olungahlaseli. |
| I-Carcinoma Yeseli Eliyisikwele | Lokhu kuqala futhi kumaseli acwebezelayo engxenyeni engaphandle yesikhumba. Kunamathuba amancane okusabalala kune-basal cell carcinoma. |
| I-Melanoma | Lolu uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu nolunzima kakhulu . Lukhula kumaseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-melanocytes, akhiqiza umbala obizwa ngokuthi i-melanin onikeza isikhumba sethu umbala waso. Lolu hlobo luyingozi kakhulu ngoba lungasakazeka ngokushesha kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. |
Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko, kunezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile, njenge-'Kaposi sarcoma' kanye ne-'Merkel cell carcinoma'.
Sizibona kanjani izimpawu zomdlavuza wesikhumba?
Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sesixwayiso somdlavuza wesikhumba ushintsho olusha esikhumbeni sakho . Lokhu kungaba yimvukuzane entsha, ukukhula, noma ushintsho emvukuzaneni endala. Nazi ezinye izinto okufanele uziqaphele:
- Ukuvela kophawu olusha , noma ushintsho ngobukhulu, ukuma, umbala , noma ukuphuma kwegazi kophawu oludala.
- I-blister efana neparele, ecwebezelayo, nefana nenhlaka ebonakala ebusweni, ezindlebeni, noma entanyeni.
- Ibala noma iqhubu eliyisicaba, elipinki/elibomvu noma elinsundu.
- Ezinye izindawo zesikhumba zibukeka njengezibazi .
- Amanxeba akheke njengoqweqwe, acwila kancane phakathi nendawo, futhi avame ukuphuma igazi .
- Isilonda esingapholi , noma isilonda esipholayo futhi siphinde sivele.
- Isilonda esinzima nesinamaqhubu. Lokhu kungase kulume futhi kophe igazi .
Umthetho we-ABCDE wokuhlonza indawo esolisayo
Lena indlela elula kakhulu yokuhlola ukuthi unakho yini ukungabaza ngebala esikhumbeni sakho.
| Incwadi | Incazelo | Lokho esifuna ukukubona |
|---|---|---|
| A | Ukungalingani | Uma uhlukanisa i-mole phakathi, azifani yini zombili izinhlangothi? Uphawu lokuzalwa olujwayelekile lulingana. I-mole enomdlavuza ivame ukungalingani. |
| B | Umngcele | Ingabe unqenqema lwe-mole alucacile? Ingabe alucacile? Noma alujwayelekile, njengonqenqema olugobile? Unqenqema lwe-mole enempilo luvame ukuba bushelelezi futhi lucacile. |
| C | Umbala | Ingabe kukhona imibala ehlukene endaweni efanayo? (isb., onsundu, omnyama, obomvu, omhlophe, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). Indawo evamile ivame ukuba umbala owodwa. |
| D | Ububanzi | Ingabe i-mole inkulu kune-pencil eraser (ngaphezu kwamamilimitha ayi-6)? Kodwa khumbula, eminye imidlavuza ingaqala incane kunale. |
| E | Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo | Lolu uphawu olubaluleke kakhulu . Ingabe ibala selishintshile ngobukhulu, ngesimo, noma umbala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi? Noma seliqalile ukulunywa noma ukopha? |
Uma unezinsolo ezincane kakhulu nge-mole esikhumbeni sakho, sicela ungakushayi indiva. Bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko kanye nezici eziyingozi zomdlavuza wesikhumba?
Imbangela eyinhloko yomdlavuza wesikhumba ukuchayeka kakhulu elangeni . Ingozi iphezulu kakhulu uma uchayeka elangeni kuze kube sezingeni lokusha nokuqhakaza. Imisebe ye-UV elangeni ilimaza i-DNA emaseli esikhumba sethu. Yilapho lawo maseli angajwayelekile eqala ukwakheka khona.
Noma ubani angathola umdlavuza wesikhumba, kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.
- Abantu abasebenza noma abadlala elangeni isikhathi eside (isib. abalimi, abadobi, izisebenzi zokwakha).
- Abantu abanesikhumba esikhanyayo abashisa kalula elangeni .
- Uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba nomdlavuza wesikhumba .
- Kulabo abanenqwaba yezibazi zokuzalwa esikhumbeni.
- Abantu abasebenzisa imibhede yokushiswa kwesikhumba.
- Abantu abasebenzisa imithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba (isib. labo abake bafakelwa izitho zomzimba).
- Abantu abathole ukwelashwa okufana 'nokwelashwa ngokukhanya kwe-UV' kwezifo zesikhumba.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi nakuba kukhona umbono ongalungile wokuthi abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama njengathi abatholi umdlavuza wesikhumba, akulona iqiniso. Noma ubani angawuthola. Ngezinye izikhathi, umdlavuza wesikhumba utholakala sekwephuzile kubantu abanesikhumba esimnyama . Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi wonke umuntu akuqaphele lokhu.
Udokotela uhlonza kanjani lokhu?
Uma uya kudokotela onendawo esolisayo, yilokho okwenzekayo.
1. Ukubuza imibuzo: Udokotela uzokubuza izinto ezifana nokuthi usunesikhathi esingakanani unale ndawo nokuthi yiziphi izinguquko ozibonile.
2. Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba: Okulandelayo, isikhumba sakho sonke sizohlolwa kahle kusukela ekhanda kuya ozwaneni. Sizohlola ngisho nezindawo esingazinaki kakhulu, njengaphakathi kwezinzwane nendawo yokuzala.
3. I-Biopsy: Uma udokotela enokungabaza, uzothatha isikhumba esincane kakhulu endaweni ethile asithumele elebhu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-biopsy. Lapho, bazohlola amangqamuzana ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze banqume ukuthi anomdlavuza noma cha.
Uma imiphumela yalolu vivinyo isifikile, udokotela wakho uzokuchazela ukuthi hlobo luni lomdlavuza wesikhumba nokuthi yiluphi ukwelashwa okudingekayo ngokulandelayo.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Ukwelashwa kuncike ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, ubukhulu bawo, nokuthi ngabe ususakazeke yini. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukususa isikhumba ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-biopsy kungawususa wonke umdlavuza.
| Indlela yokwelapha | Kwenzekani ngalokhu? |
|---|---|
| Ukwelashwa nge-Cryotherapy | Amaseli omdlavuza abhujiswa ngokuwaqandisa kusetshenziswa into ebanda kakhulu, njenge-nitrogen ewuketshezi. |
| Ukuhlinzwa Okukhethekile | Isimila esinomdlavuza kanye nendawo encane yesikhumba esinempilo esizungezile kususwa ngokuhlinzwa. |
| Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Mohs | Lokhu kuyindlela ekhethekile yokuhlinzwa. Lapha, ingxenye enomdlavuza kuphela esuswa ngobunono, ungqimba nongqimba, okunciphisa umonakalo esikhumbeni esinempilo. |
| Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali | Ukunikeza imithi ebulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Inikezwa njengomuthi wokugcoba uma umdlavuza ukhawulelwe ebusweni besikhumba, futhi njengemijovo noma amaphilisi uma ususakazekile. |
| Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy | Ukuvuselela amasosha omzimba wethu nokwenza ukuthi alwe namaseli omdlavuza. |
| Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe | Ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza kusetshenziswa imisebe enamandla aphezulu (isib. imisebe ye-X). |
Kulungile, pho usinda kanjani kulokhu?
Iningi lomdlavuza wesikhumba lingavinjelwa. Into engcono kakhulu nelula ongayenza ukuzivikela elangeni elibi nasekushisweni yilanga .
- Gqoka njalo isithako sokuvikela ilanga: Sebenzisa isithako sokuvikela ilanga esibanzi (esivikela emisebeni ye-UVA kanye ne-UVB) esine-SPF okungenani engu-30 noma ngaphezulu. Faka imizuzu engu-30 ngaphambi kokuphuma elangeni. Lokhu kusebenza ngisho nasezinsukwini ezinamafu kanye nasebusika.
- Gqoka izingubo ezifanele: Vikela ubuso bakho nezindlebe zakho ngokugqoka isigqoko esinompheme obanzi. Gqoka imikhono emide namabhulukwe amade.
- Gqoka izibuko zelanga: Sebenzisa izibuko zelanga ezivikela emisebeni ye-UVA kanye ne-UVB.
- Gwema ilanga elinamandla: Hlala kude nelanga elinamandla phakathi kuka-10 ekuseni no-4 ntambama noma nini lapho kungenzeka.
- Hlola isikhumba sakho njalo: Okungenani kanye ngenyanga, hamba phambi kwesibuko uhlole umzimba wakho wonke. Naka izindawo ezintsha kanye nezinguquko ezindaweni ezindala. Ungakhohlwa ukuhlola isikhumba sakho sekhanda, izindlebe, izintende zezandla, amathe ezinyawo zakho, phakathi kweminwe yakho, indawo yesitho sangasese sowesifazane, kanye nendawo ephakathi kwezinqe zakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Nakuba umdlavuza wesikhumba kuyinto okufanele uyesabe, uyisifo esingelapheka ngokuphelele uma sitholakala kusenesikhathi .
- Hlala unake amabala amasha noma ukukhula esikhumbeni sakho, noma izinguquko ngobukhulu, ukuma, noma umbala wezimpawu zokuzalwa ezindala. Khumbula umthetho we-ABCDE.
- Ungalokothi ungayinaki inxeba elingapholi noma indawo ephuma igazi njalo.
- Ukuzivikela elangeni elinamandla kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela umdlavuza wesikhumba. Yenza ukusebenzisa i-sunscreen kube umkhuba.
- Uma unokungabaza okuncane kakhulu ngesikhumba sakho, ungaqageli futhi ubone udokotela wakho ngokushesha .
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