Ingabe ingane yakho encane ivame ukuba nomkhuhlane futhi ibe nekhala elicijile? Noma ingabe abazali bakho asebekhulile bayakhwehlela futhi baphefumula kanzima? Lezi zimo ngezinye izikhathi zingaba izimpawu zesifo esibi njenge-pneumonia. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, kunendlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuvikela izingane zethu kanye nabantu abadala ezifweni eziyingozi kangaka. Lowo umuthi wokugomela i-pneumococcal. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngakho konke ngalo muthi wokugomela.
Uyini Umuthi Wokugomela I-Pneumococcal?
Kalula nje, lokhu kufana nesivikelo esifakwa emizimbeni yethu. Lo muthi wokugoma usivikela ezifweni ezibangelwa yibhaktheriya i-Streptococcus pneumoniae. Leli bhaktheriya yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi 'i-pneumococcus' ngamafuphi.
Leli gciwane lingabangela izifo ezinzima zokuphefumula (ubunzima bokuphefumula) kanye nezinye izinkinga ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane nakubantu asebekhulile. Yilokhu esisebenzisa lo muthi wokugomela ukuzivikela kukho.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi yokugomela i-pneumococcal esetshenziswayo njengamanje. Ibizwa ngokuthi 'imithi yokugomela i-conjugate'. Lokhu kusho ukuthi yenzelwe ukukhuthaza kangcono ikhono lemizimba yethu lokulwa nezifo (ukungavikeleki komzimba). Izinhlobo eziyinhloko yilezi:
- I-PCV13
- I-PCV15
- I-PCV20
- I-PCV21
Izinombolo kula magama zibonisa inani lezinhlobo zamagciwane e-pneumococcus ezingalawulwa umuthi wokugoma.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona omunye umuthi wokugomela omdala obizwa ngokuthi `i-PPSV23`. Lo muthi uvame ukunikezwa izingane ezingaphezu kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala, labo abanezifo ezithile ezingamahlalakhona, kanye nabantu abadala asebevele bewutholile umuthi wokugomela i-PCV15.
Yiziphi izifo ezibangelwa yisifo se-pneumococcal?
Uma igciwane le-pneumococcus lingena emizimbeni yethu, lingadala izifo eziningi eziyingozi. Abanye abantu bangase babe naleli gciwane emphinjeni ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nalabo bantu bangalidlulisela kwabanye ngamaconsi amancane akhishwa lapho bephefumula, bekhwehlela, noma bethimula.
Lo mjovo usivikela ezifweni ezimbi kakhulu ezifana nalezi:
| Isifo | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-Bacterial Meningitis | Ukutheleleka kwezicubu ezizungeze ubuchopho nomgogodla. Lokhu kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi njengokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, i-coma, ukufa, ubumpumputhe, noma ukukhubazeka. |
| Inyumoniya | Ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu. Lokhu kubangela ukukhwehlela, umkhuhlane, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula. |
| Ukutheleleka kwendlebe ephakathi (i-Otitis Media) | Izimpawu zifaka phakathi ubuhlungu bendlebe, ukuvuvukala, ukuqwasha, umkhuhlane, kanye nokukhala njalo ezinganeni ezincane. |
| I-bacteremia | Isimo esiyingozi lapho amagciwane engena egazini futhi asakazeke emzimbeni wonke. |
| Ukutheleleka kweSinus | Izifo ezihambisana nezimbobo zobuso (ama-sinuses). |
Cabanga nje, ngaphambi kokwethulwa kwalo muthi wokugomela, inani elikhulu lezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala labulawa yi-pneumonia emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa ngemva kokwethulwa kwalo muthi wokugomela ngo-2000, ukusabalala kwalesi sifo phakathi kwezingane nabantu abadala kwehla kakhulu.
Ingabe le mithi yokugoma iphephile ngempela? Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi?
Yebo, impela. Yomibili imijovo ye-PCV kanye ne-PPSV iphephile kakhulu . Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, kunethuba elincane lokusabela kokungezwani komzimba, kodwa ingozi yokulimala okukhulu noma ukufa iphansi kakhulu.
Lezi yimiphumela emibi emincane evame ukubonakala:
- Kwabantwana abancane (ngemuva kokugonywa yi-PCV):
- Ukubomvu, ubuhlungu obuncane, noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yokujova.
- Umkhuhlane ophansi (cishe ingane eyodwa kwezintathu).
- Umkhuhlane omncane (cishe oyedwa ezinganeni ezingu-50).
- Ngezinye izikhathi kuba nokulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla, ukukhala njalo, noma ukozela.
- Kwabantu abadala (ngemuva kokugonywa yi-PPSV):
- Ubomvu noma ubuhlungu endaweni yokujova (cishe umuntu oyedwa kwababili).
- Ngaphansi kuka-1% babhekana nezinto ezifana nomkhuhlane noma ubuhlungu bemisipha.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi iningi lale miphumela emibi lincane kakhulu futhi linyamalala ngokuphelele phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa.
Ubani okufanele athole lo muthi wokugoma? Nini?
Manje ake sibheke ukuthi lo muthi wokugoma unconyelwa bani nokuthi kufanele unikezwe luphi uhlelo.
Kwabantwana abancane kanye nezingane ezincane
Kunconywa ukuthi zonke izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala zithole imithamo emi-4 yomjovo, ngokulandelana okulandelayo:
- Umthamo wokuqala: Ezinyangeni ezi-2
- Umthamo wesibili: Ezinyangeni ezi-4
- Umthamo wesithathu: Ezinyangeni ezi-6
- Umthamo wokukhulisa: Phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-12-15
Uma ngesizathu esithile umuthi wokugoma ungeke unikezwe phakathi nalesi sikhathi, udokotela uzonikeza ishejuli efanele ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yengane.
Kwabantwana abaneminyaka engu-2-18 ubudala
Izingane ezingazange ziqede uchungechunge lwemithi yokugoma ziseyizingane noma ezinezimo ezikhethekile zempilo, njengesifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona, nazo zingayithola le mithi yokugoma. Udokotela wakho uzonquma uhlobo olufanele kakhulu kanye nesimiso salokhu.
Kwabantu abadala
Wonke umuntu omdala onempilo oneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 angathola umuthi wokugoma ngenye yalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- Umthamo owodwa womuthi wokugomela i-PCV15 kanye nonyaka owodwa kamuva, umthamo owodwa womuthi wokugomela i-PPSV23.
- Umthamo owodwa womuthi wokugomela i-PCV20.
- Umthamo owodwa womuthi wokugomela i-PCV21.
Kulabo abasengozini ekhethekile
Labo abaneminyaka engu-18-49 ubudala, kodwa abanesimo sezokwelapha (isib. isifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, isifo samaphaphu, umdlavuza, i-HIV/AIDS) noma ukwelashwa (isib. ama-steroids, i-chemotherapy) okwenza buthaka amasosha omzimba, bangathola futhi umuthi wokugomela ngendlela efanayo nabantu abadala abangenhla.
Ungase ucabange, 'Ngineminyaka engu-50 manje, ngiphilile, ngakho-ke ngiyakudinga lokhu?' Empeleni, yebo. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi abantu abadala abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-50 no-64 banengozi yesibili ephezulu yokuthola lesi sifo.
Ngakho-ke, uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 ubudala, noma unesifo esingamahlalakhona njengesifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, noma i-asthma, kuyindlela enhle yokuphepha ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho bese uthola lo muthi wokugomela. Ngoba izinga lokufa phakathi kwabantu abadala ngenxa yalesi sifo liphezulu kakhulu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umuthi wokugomela i-pneumococcal uyisivikelo esibaluleke kakhulu ezifweni eziyingozi njenge-pneumonia kanye ne-meningitis.
- Lo mjovo unconywa kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane eziphakathi kwezinyanga ezimbili neminyaka emibili kanye nabo bonke abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu kunoma ubani wanoma yimuphi ubudala onezifo ezingamahlalakhona njengesifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, isifo samaphaphu, isifo sezinso, noma umdlavuza ukuthola lo muthi wokugomela.
- Imiphumela eminingi emibi evela emgomeni incane kakhulu futhi iyanyamalala phakathi nosuku noma ezimbili.
- Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninokukhathazeka ngokuthola lo muthi wokugomela, qiniseka ukuthi nikhuluma nodokotela womndeni wakho.
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