Uma udokotela wakho ekutshela ukuthi udinga "ukufakelwa i-stem cell" noma "ukufakelwa umnkantsha," ungase uzizwe wesaba kancane, akunjalo? Lokho kuvamile. Ukuzwa la mazwi kungabonakala kuyinto enkulu, eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ebuhlungu. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngalokhu ngendlela elula kakhulu , njengokukhuluma nomngane, ukuze ukwazi ukuphendula yonke imibuzo onayo engqondweni yakho.
Okokuqala, ake sibone, ayini la ma-stem cell?
Kalula nje, ama-stem cell “angama-master cell” emizimbeni yethu. Yizimboni ezingakha cishe wonke amanye amaseli emizimbeni yethu. Ikakhulukazi, ama-stem cells emnkantsheni wethu wamathambo yizimboni eziyinhloko ezenza igazi lethu. Ama-red blood cells, ama-white blood cells, nama-platelet egazini lakho konke kwenziwa ngala ma-stem cells.
Ngakho-ke, uma nje le fektri isebenza kahle, akukho lutho olungalungile ngegazi lethu. Kodwa ngenxa yezifo ezithile, isibonelo, izimo zomdlavuza ezifana ne-leukemia, noma ezinye izifo ezihlobene negazi, le fektri ingaphelelwa amandla. Lokho kusho ukuthi iqala ukwenza amaseli agulayo ngendlela engafanele. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali aphezulu omdlavuza nakho kungabhubhisa la maseli aphilile.
Ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell inqubo yokususa le "fektri" eyonakele noma ebhujisiwe bese uyishintsha ngefektri entsha, enempilo, okungukuthi, ama-stem cell anempilo, okungukuthi, ukuwafaka kabusha emzimbeni.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokhu kufakelwa:
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokufakelwa kwamaseli e-stem, kuye ngokuthi atholakalaphi.
1. Ukufakelwa Kwe-Autologous: Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa amaseli akho e-stem aphilile. Cabanga ukuthi usuzothatha i-chemotherapy yomthamo ophezulu womdlavuza. Ngaphambi kokuba ukwelashwa kuqale, udokotela wakho uzoqoqa amaseli e-stem aphilile emzimbeni wakho bese ewagcina efrijini ngokuphephile. Ngemuva kokuthi i-chemotherapy isibulele amaseli omdlavuza, azobuyisela amaseli akho e-stem aphilile emzimbeni wakho. Kufana nokugcina amafayela abalulekile ngaphambi kokufometha ikhompyutha yakho, bese uwabuyisela ngemva kokufometha.
2. Ukufakelwa kwe-Allogeneic: Kulokhu, ngoba kunenkinga ngamaseli akho okuqala (isib. i-leukemia), amaseli okuqala avela komunye umuntu ophilile (umnikeli) afakwa kuwe. Lo mnikeli angaba yilungu lomndeni (umfowethu/udadewethu), noma omunye umuntu onohlobo lwezicubu oluhambisanayo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu lapha ukulingana kwezicubu.Njengokufaniswa kweqembu legazi lapho kunikelwa ngegazi, lapha izinhlobo zezicubu zifaniswa ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi nakakhulu.
| Uhlobo Lokufakelwa Isitshalo | Amaseli atholakala kubani? (Umthombo Wamaseli) | Izimo ezivame ukusetshenziswa |
|---|---|---|
| Ukufakelwa kwe-Autologous | Kusuka esigulini uqobo (kusuka kuwe) | Kweminye imidlavuza efana ne-lymphoma, i-multiple myeloma, kanye nezinye izifo ezizimele. |
| Ukufakelwa kwe-allogeneic | Kusuka kumnikeli ofanayo | Nge-leukemia, i-aplastic anemia, kanye nezifo zokwehluleka komongo wamathambo. |
Kwenziwa kanjani ngempela lokhu kufakelwa? Ingabe kuyabuhlungu?
Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abawesabayo. Empeleni, ukufakelwa i-stem cell akuyona indlela enkulu yokuhlinzwa. Cabanga ngakho njengokungathi unikezwa isisombululo se-saline. Lokhu kuyinto efanayo.
Lawa maseli okuqala anikezwa kuwe ngethubhu ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-central venous catheter , efakwa emthanjeni wegazi oyinhloko esifubeni noma entanyeni yakho. Lawa maseli afakwa esikhwameni bese efakwa emzimbeni wakho, njengoba nje ubungenza ngokumpontshelwa igazi. Le nqubo ingathatha amahora amaningana. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ithimba lezokwelapha lizokuqapha eduze.
Ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu uma unikezwa amangqamuzana. Kodwa-ke, ungase ube nemiphumela emibi (ukuhlanza, isicanucanu, kanye nokungakhululeki) ngenxa yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali okunikezwa ngaphambilini. Kodwa udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imithi edingekayo yokulawula konke lokhu.
Yiziphi izingozi kanye nezinkinga ezingaba khona?
Njenganoma yikuphi ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha, kunezingozi ezithile. Ingozi enkulu ukuthi lesi sifo singabuya ngemva kokufakelwa. Kodwa-ke, leyo ngozi iyancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Enye inkinga ethile engenzeka, ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka ukufakelwa i-allogeneic (amaseli athathwe komunye umuntu), ibizwa ngokuthiKubizwa ngokuthi i-Graft-versus-Host Disease (GvHD). Kalula nje, lokhu kwenzeka lapho amangqamuzana omzimba enziwe ngamaseli okuqala omnikeli osanda kuwatshala emzimbeni wakho ebona izicubu zomzimba wakho "njengezingaphandle" bese eqala ukuzihlasela. Kufana nabaqaphi abasha abahlasela umndeni wakho. Kunezindlela zokwelapha zokulawula lokhu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunengozi yokutheleleka okuhlukahlukene (amagciwane, amagciwane, isikhunta) njengoba isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sibuthakathaka.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukiswa?
Lokhu kuzohluka kuye ngohlobo lokufakelwa izicubu oye waluthola.
- Umuntu oke wafakelwa i-autologous (amangqamuzana akho) ngokuvamile angalulama cishe ezinyangeni ezimbili.
- Kungathatha izinyanga eziningana kuya onyakeni ukuthi umuntu oke wafakelwa i-allogeneic (amaseli anikelayo) alulame ngokugcwele.
Lesi sikhathi sokuphulukiswa yisikhathi lapho amaseli okuqala asanda kufakwa ehamba eya emnkantsheni, ahlale lapho (ekufakweni), bese eqala ukwenza amaseli egazi amasha anempilo. Izinsuku zokuqala eziyi-100 ngemva kokufakelwa i-allogeneic zibaluleke kakhulu. Odokotela bangase bakucebise ukuthi uhlale eduze nesibhedlela phakathi nalesi sikhathi.
Izinto ongazenzela zona ngesikhathi sokululama
Lolu uhambo olude, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uzinakekele kahle phakathi nalesi sikhathi.
- Phatha isikhumba sakho njengesomntwana: Isikhumba sakho singase sibe bucayi kakhulu ngemva kokwelashwa. Sebenzisa insipho ethambile nama-shampoo. Gcina isikhumba sakho simanzi futhi uzivikele lapho uphuma elangeni.
- Yidla ukudla okunomsoco: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Yidla inyama ephekiwe kahle, inhlanzi, imifino, izithelo, kanye nokusanhlamvu. Gwema ukudla amasaladi aluhlaza, izithelo ezingagezwanga, amaqanda aluhlaza, kanye nobisi olungaphekwanga phakathi nalesi sikhathi ngoba kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kubangele izifo.
- Zivikele ezifweni: Geza izandla zakho njalo. Gwema izindawo ezinabantu abaningi nezindawo lapho abantu begula khona. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi yimiphi imijovo okufanele uyithole.
- Nakekela amazinyo akho: Vakashela udokotela wamazinyo njalo ezinyangeni ezi-6. Gcina inhlanzeko yomlomo ihlanzekile.
- Phumula ngokwanele: Ngezinye izinsuku uzozizwa ukhathele kakhulu. Ngezinye izinsuku uzozizwa ujabule. Ungakhathazeki ngokuba nosuku olukhathazayo, kumane kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi umzimba wakho udinga ukuphumula.
- Cabanga ngempilo yakho yengqondo: Kuvamile ukuzizwa uphansi futhi uphezulu ngokomzwelo phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Uma uzizwa uphansi, khuluma nodokotela wakho, umndeni wakho, futhi ucele usizo kumeluleki uma kudingeka.
Uma unalezi zimpawu, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Uma uba nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo ngesikhathi sokululama kwakho, yazisa ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ngokushesha.
| Isibonakaliso | Okufanele ukunake |
|---|---|
| Umkhuhlane kanye nomkhuhlane | Izinga lokushisa lomzimba elingaphezu kuka-38 Celsius (100.4 Fahrenheit), ukubanda, ukukhwehlela, kanye nokukhishwa kwesikhwehlela . |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumula | Ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ubuhlungu besifuba. |
| Izinguquko zesikhumba | Amaqhubu amasha, i-eczema, noma ukuqubuka. |
| Izinguquko ekuchameni | Ukuchama njalo noma ukushisa noma ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuchama. |
| Okunye | Isiyezi , ukuhlanza, uhudo, noma ezinye izimpawu ezingavamile. |
Kumuntu ohlushwa umdlavuza noma isifo segazi, ukufakelwa i-stem cell kungaba yinto eshintsha impilo. Kodwa akuyona uhambo olulula. Kudinga amandla amaningi omzimba nawengqondo. Uma ucabangela lokhu kwelashwa, khuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho ngakho futhi uqonde izinzuzo nezingozi. Bazokunikeza iseluleko esingcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukufakelwa i-stem cell kuyindlela yokwelapha esindisa impilo engelapha noma ilawule izifo ezinkulu. Akuyona inqubo enkulu yokuhlinzwa, kuyinqubo efana nokunikeza isisombululo se-saline.
- Lolu uhambo olude. Kuthatha isikhathi ukuphulukiswa. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uzinakekele kahle. Ikakhulukazi qaphela ukuhlanzeka kanye nokudla okunempilo.
- Uma uthola noma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile (umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, umphimbo obuhlungu) ngemva kokwelashwa, ungakuzibi futhi wazise udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Khuluma ngokukhululekile nethimba lakho lezokwelapha ngakho konke ukwesaba kwakho, ukungabaza, nemibuzo. Bakhona ukukusiza. Awuwedwa kulolu hambo.
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