Kungase kudingeke sibhekane nengozi ngesikhathi esingalindelekile. Ngaleso sikhathi, kunethuba elikhulu lokuthi ukulimala okukhulu kuzoguqula impilo yethu yonke. Ngokwezokwelapha, sibiza ukulimala okunjalo ngokuthi `(Ukulimala Okubuhlungu)`. Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu nesisongela impilo. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi wonke umuntu aziswe kahle ngalokhu.
Kalula nje, kuyini ukulimala okubuhlungu?
Kalula nje, "Ukulimala Okubuhlungu" yinoma yikuphi ukulimala ngokomzimba okwenzeka ngenxa yengozi futhi okungadala umonakalo omkhulu emzimbeni, ngezinye izikhathi okusongela ngisho nokuphila. Isibonelo, ukulimala okubangela ukopha ngokweqile noma ukulimala okukhulu ekhanda kuwela kulesi sigaba.
Eqinisweni, ukulimala okunjalo kuvame kakhulu eSri Lanka. Ingxenye enkulu yeziguli ezilaliswe eminyangweni yezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela (ama-ETU) nganoma yiluphi usuku ziye zabhekana nokulimala okunjalo. Lokhu kulimala kungenzeka ekhaya, emsebenzini, noma ngesikhathi ushayela noma uhamba emgwaqweni.
Ukuwa kanye nezingozi zezimoto ngokuvamile kuyizimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu kulimala okukhulu. Kungabangelwa futhi yizenzo zobudlova njengokuhlasela, ukugwazwa, noma ukudubula.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukulimala okukhulu okufana nalokhu kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha . Uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma omunye umuntu ulimele kabi, myise eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha.
Ingozi efana nalena iyisenzakalo esishintsha impilo. Ayithinti wena wedwa, kodwa futhi namalungu omndeni wakho akukhathalelayo. Kuthatha isikhathi ukululama ekulimaleni okufana nalokhu. Inqubo yokuphulukiswa ingaba kancane. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uzibekezelele wena kanye nalabo abakuzungezile.
Ingabe kukhona izinhlobo zokulimala okukhulu?
Yebo, odokotela bahlukanisa lokhu kulimala ngokusekelwe endleleni okwenzeke ngayo kanye nomthelela okunawo emzimbeni. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko. Ake sibheke lokhu ukuze kube lula ukukuqonda.
| Uhlobo lokulimala | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukulimala kwamandla angabonakali | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Kwenzeka lapho into ishaya umzimba kakhulu. Isibonelo, ukuwa usuka endaweni ephakeme, ukushayiswa yimoto, noma ukushayiswa kanzima yinto ethile. Lokhu kungabangela ukuphuka kwamathambo, ukopha kwangaphakathi, amanxeba ajulile, kanye nokulimala okukhulu ekhanda (ukuxhuzula okukhulu). |
| Ukulimala okubangelwa ukwehla kwejubane ngokuzumayo (ukuhlukumezeka kokwehla kwejubane) | Cabanga usemotweni ehamba ngesivinini esikhulu bese ngokuzumayo ushayisa into ethile. Umzimba wakho nawo uhamba phambili ngesivinini esifanayo bese ushaywa. Uma ikhanda lakho lishaya isiteringi, ubuchopho obungaphakathi kwekhanda lakho bungagxumagxuma bubheke phezulu nasekhanda lakho. Lokhu kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu wobuchopho. |
| Ukulimala okungenayo | Lokhu kwenzeka lapho into ebukhali ingena esikhumbeni bese ingena emzimbeni. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi ukugwazwa ngommese noma inxeba lokudutshulwa. Lolu hlobo lokulimala lungenzeka nalapho into ebukhali (njengentambo) idonswa phansi noma iwela phezu kwayo, noma lapho iphihlizwa yizicucu ngesikhathi sokuqhuma. |
Udokotela unquma kanjani ukuthi lokhu "kungukulimala okukhulu okukhulu"?
Ngokuvamile, uma kwenzeka ukulimala okuningi okusongela ukuphila ngesikhathi esisodwa ezindaweni eziningi emzimbeni, kubhekwa "njengokulimala okukhulu okukhulu." Odokotela basebenzisa indlela ejwayelekile ukukala ubukhali balokhu kulimala. Kubizwa ngokuthi i-Injury Severity Score (ISS) .
Lolu hlelo lusiza odokotela ukuthi benze izinqumo zokwelashwa ngokubheka isiguli ngasinye ngendlela efanayo. Isibonelo, lolu hlelo lokuthola amaphuzu lubasiza ukuthi banqume ukuthi bazosigcina yini isiguli esibhedlela noma basidlulisele kwesinye isibhedlela ukuze bathole ukwelashwa okukhethekile.
Uzinikeza kanjani lezi zimpawu?
Odokotela bacabangela izici ezimbili eziyinhloko:
- Inani lamanxeba: Bhala phansi ukuthi mangaki amanxeba asezingxenyeni eziningana zomzimba (ikhanda nentamo, ubuso, umphimbo, isisu kanye ne-pelvis, izandla nezinyawo, kanye nesikhumba).
- Ubunzima bokulimala: Ukulimala kubhekwa njengokuncane, okumaphakathi, okungathi sína, okungathi sína kakhulu, okubucayi, noma okungelapheki. Uma ukulimala kukubi kakhulu, kulapho amaphuzu ephakama khona.
Ngokusekelwe kulezi zici, izindawo ezintathu eziyinhloko zomzimba ezinezimo ezimbi kakhulu ziyahlonzwa, zifakwe amamaki, bese kubalwa amamaki e-ISS. Amamaki e-ISS angu-15 noma ngaphezulu abhekwa njengokulimala okukhulu okukhulu.
Yiziphi ezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezingabangelwa ukulimala okunje?
Ukulimala okukhulu kungaholela ezimweni ezahlukene zezokwelapha. Ezinye zazo zifaka:
- Amathambo aphukile, okuhlanganisa nokuphuka komgogodla.
- Iphaphu eligobile.
- Ukusikeka okujulile.
- Ukushaqeka kukagesi.
- Isifuba esigoqekile.
- Ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu (i-TBI) ukulimala okukhulu ekhanda, njengogebhezi oluphukile noma ukuphuma kwegazi ebuchosheni.
- Ukopha kakhulu (Ukopha igazi).
- Ukushaqeka kwe-Hypovolemic yisimo esibangelwa ukwehla komfutho wegazi.
- Ukulimala komgogodla .
- Ukopha kwangaphakathi okubangelwa ukulimala kwezitho zangaphakathi (isib. i-pancreas, i-spleen).
- Ukunqunywa kwemilenze okubuhlungu ukulahlekelwa yilungu, njengengalo noma umlenze, ngenxa yengozi.
- I-Aorta, umthambo wegazi omkhulu, iyaqhuma.
Ukwelashwa kunikezwa kanjani e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU)?
Uma isiguli sesilethwe egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo, ithimba lezokwelapha lithatha isinyathelo ngokushesha futhi lithathe izinyathelo eziyisisekelo ezidingekayo ukuze kusindiswe impilo. Le nqubo yaziwa ngokuthi indlela ye-ABCDE.
| Izinyathelo | Kwenziwani |
|---|---|
| A - Umgwaqo Wezindiza | Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuhlola ukuthi isiguli singakwazi yini ukuphefumula kahle nokuthi indlela yokuphefumula ivaliwe yini. |
| B - Ukuphefumula | Ukuphefumula kuyahlolwa. Isimo esifana nokuwa kwamaphaphu (i-pneumothorax) siyahlolwa. Ipayipi le-endotracheal liyahlolwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lisendaweni efanele. |
| C - Ukugeleza kwegazi | Uma kukhona amanxeba aphuma igazi ngaphandle, alashwa ngokushesha. Aphinde ahlolwe ukuthi awanazo yini izimpawu zokuphuma kwegazi ngaphakathi nokuthi isiguli siyashaqeka yini. |
| D - Ukukhubazeka (Isifo Sezinzwa) | Ukuhlolwa okudingekayo kuyenziwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi kukhona yini umonakalo ohlelweni lwezinzwa noma emgogodleni. |
| E - Ukuvezwa (ukuhlolwa okugcwele) | Khumula zonke izingubo zesiguli bese uhlola umzimba wonke ngokucophelela ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi akukho zilonda ezingabonakali ezilahlekile. |
Odokotela bahlala belapha ukulimala okusongela kakhulu impilo kuqala. Ngokuvamile, udokotela ohlinzayo onguchwepheshe wenza ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo ukuze aphathe ukulimala noma izimo ezisongela impilo.
Ukwelashwa okutholayo kuzoncika ohlotsheni lokulimala kwakho. Kungase kudingeke futhi ufune usizo lochwepheshe bamathambo kanye nodokotela abahlinza izinzwa.
Ukwelashwa kufanele kuqhubeke phakathi nesikhathi sokululama. Isibonelo:
- Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba
- Ukwelashwa emsebenzini
- Ukunikeza ukwesekwa kwengqondo - ukusiza ngezimo ezinjengokucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, kanye nesifo sokucindezeleka ngemva kwenhlekelele (PTSD).
Izingozi ezinje azinakuvinjelwa yini?
Izingozi azinakuvinjelwa isikhathi esingu-100%. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto esingazenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi yokubandakanyeka engozini. Isibonelo, izingozi zezimoto ziyimbangela ehamba phambili yokulimala okukhulu.
Gqoka ibhande lesihlalo njalo uma ugibele imoto. Ungalokothi ushayele uphuze utshwala noma izidakamizwa, noma uphuze noma yimuphi umuthi okwenza ulale, noma ngabe unikezwe udokotela. Lezi zinto ezilula zingasindisa impilo yakho.
Ukulimala okukhulu kungenzeka ngokushesha. Kodwa kungathatha izinyanga, ngisho neminyaka, ukululama ngokuphelele. Nakuba ukulimala ngokomzimba kuphola, amanxeba angokomzwelo athatha isikhathi ukuphola. Uma ulwa wedwa nemiphumela yengozi efana nale, sicela ucele usizo kudokotela wakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukulimala Okubuhlungu kubhekisela ekulimaleni okukhulu okungasongela ukuphila noma ngisho nokufa.
- Ukuwa kanye nezingozi zezimoto yizona zimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu.
- Ukulimala okufana nalokhu kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Thatha isiguli uye e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Inqubo yokuphulukiswa ithatha isikhathi. Impilo yengqondo ibaluleke njengempilo yomzimba.
- Ngokulandela izinyathelo zokuphepha (isib. ukubopha amabhande esihlalo, ukugwema ukuphuza utshwala nokushayela), unganciphisa ingozi yezingozi.
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