Ake sifunde kabanzi ngokuhlinzwa kwesifuba.

Uma sizwa igama elithi ukuhlinzwa kwesifuba noma ukuhlinzwa, abantu abaningi bazizwa besaba kancane. Kujwayelekile kakhulu. Ngoba ngaphakathi kwesifuba sethu kunezitho ezibalulekile empilweni, njengenhliziyo namaphaphu. Ngakho-ke akuyona into engavamile ukuzizwa ukhathazekile kancane uma sizwa igama elithi ukuhlinzwa endaweni enjalo. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, namuhla sizokhuluma ngakho konke kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Kuyini ngempela ukuhlinzwa kwesifuba?

Kalula nje, noma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa okwenziwa esifubeni sakho (esifubeni) kuwela kulesi sigaba. Uma sicabanga ngesifuba, inhliziyo ifika ngokushesha engqondweni, kodwa lokhu kuhlinzwa akugcini enhliziyweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okunye ukuhlinzwa okuningi okuhlobene nezitho zomzimba kuwela kulesi sigaba.

Cabanga nje, ukuhlinzwa okwenziwa ngezinkinga zezitho ezifana nalezi:

• Amaphaphu: Ukuhlinzwa kwamathumba, umdlavuza, noma ezinye izifo emaphashini.
• Umphimbo: Ipayipi elithwala ukudla esikudlayo liye esiswini.
• I-Trachea: Ipayipi eliyinhloko esiphefumula ngalo.
• I-Diaphragm: Imisipha emikhulu ehlukanisa isifuba nesisu.
• Udonga lwesifuba: Lokhu kuhlanganisa izimbambo, ithambo lesifuba eliphakathi nendawo, kanye nemisipha elizungezile.
• I-Mediastinum: Lesi isikhala esiphakathi kwamaphaphu. Siqukethe izinto ezifana nenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi emikhulu.

Manje cishe uyaqonda ukuthi lokhu kubanzi kangakanani.

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuhlinzwa.

Odokotela benza lokhu kuhlinzwa ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko. Kuncike ezicini ezifana nesimo sakho sezempilo kanye nohlobo lokuhlinzwa.

1. Ukuhlinzwa Okuvulekile: Lokhu kuhilela ukwenza ukusika okukhulu nokuvula isifuba. Le ndlela iyadingeka kwezinye izihlinzeko eziyinkimbinkimbi.

2. Ukuhlinzwa Okungangeni Kakhulu: Lena yindlela ethuthuke kakhulu manje. Esikhundleni sokusika okukhulu, kwenziwa ukusika okuncane kakhulu . Ikhamera encane ifakwa esifubeni ngokusika okukodwa. Bese, kufakwa amathuluzi amancane, amade ngezinye izimbobo bese udokotela enza ukuhlinzwa ngenkathi ebuka izithombe ezivela kukhamera. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi "ukuhlinzwa kwe-VATS" uma kwenziwa esifubeni kanye "nokuhlinzwa kwe-laparoscopic" uma kwenziwa esiswini. Ngezinye izikhathi, la mathuluzi kanye nekhamera kuxhunywe kurobhothi, futhi udokotela ulawula irobhothi futhi enze ukuhlinzwa.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zezifo eziphathwa ngalezi zinqubo zokuhlinzwa?

Lokhu kuhlinzwa kusetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo eziningi ezenzeka esifubeni kanye nasesiswini esingaphezulu. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.

Yikuphi ukuhlinzwa okwenziwa kakhulu? Ingabe lokhu kuyingozi?

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuhlinzwa kwesifuba ezivame ukwenziwa eSri Lanka, kanye nasemhlabeni jikelele.

1. I-Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG): Lena "i-bypass" sonke esiyaziyo. Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okwenziwa kakhulu emhlabeni.

2. Ukususwa kwe-Lobectomy: Lokhu ukuhlinzwa kokususa ingxenye (i-lobe) yamaphaphu. Ngokuvamile kwenziwa ezimweni ezifana nomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Manje ungase ubuze, ingabe lokhu kuhlinzwa kuyingozi? Yebo, ngempela, ukuhlinzwa okuningi kwesifuba kuyimisebenzi enzima neyinkimbinkimbi. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi, njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, inhliziyo namaphaphu kuyizitho ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwemizimba yethu.

Kwenzekani ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa? Silungiselela kanjani?

Kunesikhathi ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa lapho uhlolwa khona kahle. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukubona ukuthi umzimba wakho uzobekezelela kahle kangakanani ukuhlinzwa.

• Ukuhlolwa okuvamile: Izinto ezifana nokuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nokuhlolwa komchamo zenzelwa wonke umuntu.
• Ngokuhlinzwa okuhlobene nenhliziyo: I-ECG, ukuhlolwa kwe-Echo, kanye ne-angiograms kungenziwa ukuhlola ukusebenza kwenhliziyo.
• Ngokuhlinzwa kwamaphaphu: Kuzokwenziwa ama-X-ray esifubeni, ama-CT scan, njll.. Uzophinde unikezwe ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okubizwa ngokuthi "ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu" ukuze ubone ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani. Ngezinye izikhathi kungadingeka ukuthi kuthathwe ingxenye encane yezicubu emaphashini akho ukuze ihlolwe (``i-Biopsy``).

Udokotela ohlinzayo uhlela ukuhlinzwa kwakho ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yazo zonke lezi zivivinyo.

Nakhu okudingeka ukulungiselele wena:

Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukulungiselela kwakho kahle kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu empumelelweni yokuhlinzwa.

• Tshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo (yomibili leyo oyinikezwe udokotela kanye naleyo oyithengile ekhemisi, ngisho nezinhlungu zobuhlungu namavithamini).
• Udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuthi uyeke ukuthatha imithi ethile (ikakhulukazi imithi yokunciphisa igazi) ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwakho. Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha noma yimiphi imithi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho.
• Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu: Uma ubhema, kufanele nakanjani uyeke ukubhema okungenani inyanga ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwamaphaphu. Kutholakale ukuthi uma ungabhemi inyanga yonke ngemva kokuhlinzwa, unganciphisa ingozi yezinkinga ezihlobene namanxeba ngesigamu.
• Kufanele uyeke ukudla nokuphuza ngobusuku bangaphambi kokuhlinzwa noma ngesikhathi udokotela wakho akutshele sona.
• Yenza uhlelo lokululama kwakho. Hlela kusenesikhathi ukuthi othile abuye ekhaya evela esibhedlela kanye nomuntu ozokusiza izinsuku ezimbalwa ngemuva kokufika ekhaya. Kungumqondo omuhle futhi ukulungiselela ukudla kusenesikhathi bese ukukugcina efrijini.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa?

Ngemva kokuthi uyiswe egumbini lokuhlinza, udokotela wezinzwa uzokunikeza imithi nge-cannula ukuze akulalise ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuzofakwa ipayipi ukuze likusize uphefumule. Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa okukhulu kwenhliziyo, umshini obizwa ngokuthi "umshini wenhliziyo namaphaphu" uzothatha umsebenzi wenhliziyo namaphaphu akho ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.

Bese udokotela ohlinzayo:

1. Njengoba kuhleliwe, ukusikwa okudingekayo kwenziwa kusetshenziswa indlela evulekile noma engangenisi kakhulu. Isifuba singavulwa ngokwenza ukusikwa eduze kwe-sternum (sternotomy) noma phakathi kwezimbambo ezimbili (thoracotomy).

2. Isitho esiyinkinga siyalungiswa, sisuswe, noma sitshalwe kabusha.

3. Hlola ngokucophelela ukuthi kukhona yini ukopha.

4. Ekugcineni, zonke izimbobo ziboshwe nge-sthured.

Yini ongayilindela ngemva kokuhlinzwa?

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, uzovuka usegumbini lokunakekelwa okujulile (ICU) noma egumbini lokululama.

• Uma usuqalile ukuphefumula kahle, ipayipi lokuphefumula lizosuswa.
• Kungase kubekwe imisele yesifuba eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ukuze kukhishwe uketshezi esifubeni. Kungase kubekwe ne-catheter ukuze kuqoqwe umchamo.
• Uma isimo sakho sesizinzile, uzodluliselwa ewadini evamile.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvuka embhedeni uqale ukuhamba ngokushesha okukhulu, ngosizo lwabahlengikazi. Bazokufundisa nokuzivocavoca kokuphefumula okuzosiza amaphaphu akho ukuthi akhule futhi.
• Ungaya ekhaya uma usufinyelele imigomo ebekwe udokotela wakho (njengokuhamba kahle, ukulawula ubuhlungu). Lokhu kuvame ukuthatha cishe izinsuku ezintathu kuya kweziyi-10, kuye ngohlobo lokuhlinzwa.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukiswa?

Lokhu kuyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuhlinzwa okwenzile. Ukuhlinzwa okungangenisi kakhulu kungaphola ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, kungathatha inyanga noma ngaphezulu ukuphola ngokuphelele ngemva kokuhlinzwa okuvulekile.

Ngokuvamile, ngeke uvunyelwe ukushayela cishe inyanga yonke ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Uzocelwa futhi ukuthi unciphise ukuphakamisa izinsimbi cishe amasonto ayisithupha.

Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi zalokhu kuhlinzwa?

Inzuzo eyinhloko ukuthi lokhu kuhlinzwa kungasindisa impilo yakho noma kwandise isikhathi sakho sokuphila. Kungathuthukisa nekhwalithi yempilo yakho ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenhliziyo noma amaphaphu akho. Kungasiza futhi ngezinto ezifana nobunzima bokugwinya futhi kwenze impilo yansuku zonke ibe lula.

Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, lokhu kuhlinzwa kunezingozi ezithile.

• Izifo, ikakhulukazi i-pneumonia.
• Ukuwa kwamaphaphu.
• Amahlule egazi.
• Ukucindezeleka.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile.
• Isifo senhliziyo.
• Ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu.

Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela kahle ngalezi zingozi ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.

Izimo lapho udinga ukubona udokotela ngokushesha

Uma uba nalezi zimpawu ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha okukhulu noma uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela.

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ukopha noma ubomvu obuphuma esilondeni.
• Inxeba livuvukile futhi libomvu.
• Umkhuhlane ngaphandle kwesizathu.