Wake wazibuza ukuthi hlobo luni lwezinto odokotela abazisebenzisayo ukusindisa izimpilo zethu uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo esibucayi njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi? Ngezinye izikhathi izimpilo zethu zincike ekwelashweni okunikezwayo ngemizuzu embalwa. Ngezikhathi ezinjalo, kukhona uhlobo lwemithi esindisa impilo esebenza njengomlingo. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngaleyo mithi ebizwa ngokuthi i-Thrombolytics.
Kalula nje, ziyini lezi zidakamizwa ze-Thrombolytics?
Cabanga nje ukuthi imithambo yegazi emizimbeni yethu ifana nenethiwekhi yemigwaqo. Kukule migwaqo lapho igazi lihamba khona, lithwala umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba eziya enhliziyweni yethu, ebuchosheni, emaphashini, futhi ngamafuphi, emzimbeni wethu wonke. Manje cabanga, bekuzokwenzekani uma itshe elikhulu lingagingqika ngokuzumayo kulo mgwaqo futhi livale umgwaqo? Izimoto bezingeke zikwazi ukuhamba, futhi izimoto bezizoma ngokuphelele.
Kwenzeka into efanayo lapho ihlule legazi lakha ngaphakathi komunye wemithambo yethu yegazi bese livaleka. Ukunikezwa kwegazi esithweni esinikezwa yilowo mthambo (isib. inhliziyo, ubuchopho) kuyama, futhi leso sitho siqala ukonakala. I-Thrombolytics "Izidakamizwa Eziqeda Amahlule" ezincibilikisa ihlule legazi elivimba indlela, zilihlukanise, bese zilisusa, zibuyisele ukugeleza kwegazi.
Le mithi empeleni iyi-enzyme. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuphula inethiwekhi yamaprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-fibrin ebamba ihlule legazi ndawonye. Kufana nokuphula iwebhu yesicabucabu.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza le mithi ngokushesha okukhulu. Isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu lapha, ngoba njalo ngomzuzwana lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kunqamuka, izitho zethu zomzimba ziyalimala.
Ngokuvamile, uma ungeniswa eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (i-ETU) wesibhedlela ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, noma i-pulmonary embolism, odokotela banganquma ukukunikeza lo muthi zingakapheli isigamu sehora. Ngezinye izikhathi, lokhu kwelashwa kungaqalwa ngisho nase-ambulensini ngenkathi uyiswa esibhedlela.
Ziyini lezi zidakamizwa futhi zisetshenziselwa ziphi izifo?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi yokwelapha i-thrombolytic. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha umuthi ofanele kakhulu ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho, izikhungo zesibhedlela, nezinye izici. Ake sibheke ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko.
| Igama lomuthi | Ubuchwepheshe kanye nokusetshenziswa |
|---|---|
| I-Alteplase (t-PA) | Umuthi onengozi encane yokusabela kokungezwani komzimba, ovame ukusetshenziswa ekushayweni yisifo sohlangothi, i-pulmonary embolism, kanye nesifo senhliziyo. |
| I-Streptokinase | Luhlobo olusetshenziswa kabanzi emhlabeni wonke futhi lubiza kancane kunezinye. Kodwa-ke, lungabangela ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba kwabanye abantu. |
| I-Tenecteplase | Isetshenziswa kabanzi ngoba iyasebenza kakhulu futhi inengozi encane yokopha. |
| Phinda ubhale kabusha | Inamandla okusebenza ngokushesha kunezinye izidakamizwa zokunciphisa imithambo yegazi. |
| I-Urokinase | Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa amahlule egazi akhiwa emithanjeni yemilenze (amahlule emithambo yegazi engaphandle) kanye nama-catheter. |
Kukuziphi izimo lapho lo muthi udingeka khona?
Odokotela basebenzisa le mithi kuphela uma ihlule legazi libangela isimo esibi nesisongela ukuphila. Izimo ezinjalo zifaka:
- Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo: Ihlule legazi livimba umthambo ohambisa igazi enhliziyweni.
- Isifo sohlangothi: Ihlule legazi livimba umthambo wegazi ohambisa igazi ebuchosheni.
- I-pulmonary embolism: I-blood clot eyakheke kwenye indawo emzimbeni (ngokuvamile emlenzeni) iyaqhekeka bese ihlala emthanjeni emaphashini.
- I-Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): Amahlule egazi emithanjeni ejulile, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni.
- Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi okunamandla: Ukuvaleka komthambo omkhulu ohambisa igazi emlenzeni.
- Ukuvaleka kwe-catheter yemithambo ephakathi.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwemithi yokwelapha i-thrombolytic kanye nemithi yokunciphisa igazi?
Yilapho abantu abaningi bedideka khona. Izindlela zokusebenza kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zemithi zihluke ngokuphelele.
Cabanga nje ngale ndlela:
I-Thrombolytics imithi ehlukanisa futhi incibilikise ihlule elikhulu legazi eselivele lakhekile futhi livimba umthambo wegazi.Njengeqembu "lokucekela phansi izimo eziphuthumayo." Lezi zisetshenziswa kuphela ezimweni eziphuthumayo, ngaphakathi esibhedlela. Awukwazi ukuthenga le mithi ekhemisi.
Ama-anticoagulant (ama-blood thinners) , njenge-warfarin, afana "nonogada" ovimbela ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi amasha noma okunciphisa inqubo yamahlule egazi. Udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi uqhubeke uthatha le mithi. Uma le mithi isebenza kahle, ingakusiza ekuvimbeleni ukuba ube nesimo esiphuthumayo esidinga ama-thrombolytics.
Ingabe zikhona izinzuzo kanye nezingozi?
Yebo, yebo. Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi onamandla, ama-thrombolytic anezinzuzo ezinkulu kodwa futhi anezingozi okufanele siziqaphele.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko
Inzuzo enkulu yalezi ukuthi ziyashesha . Le mithi ingavula kabusha ngokushesha umthambo wegazi ovalekile futhi ibuyisele ukugeleza kwegazi. Lokhu kunganciphisa umonakalo ohlala njalo ebuchosheni noma enhliziyweni ngenxa yokuntuleka komoya-mpilo. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi iziguli ezithola ukwelashwa nge-thrombolytic emahoreni ambalwa okuqala ngemva kokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi cishe zilulama ngokugcwele kunalezo ezingatholi ukwelashwa.
Izingozi Eziyinhloko
Umphumela omubi kakhulu nowesabekayo wale mithi ukopha okungalawuleki .
Le ngozi ivela ngoba umuthi ongancibilikisa ihlule legazi ungathinta nenqubo evamile yokujiya kwegazi emzimbeni.
- Abanye abantu bangase baphuze igazi elincane ezindaweni ezifana nezinsini nekhala.
- Akuvamile kakhulu, kodwa ngokungathi sína, ukuphuma kwegazi emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi ngaphakathi kobuchopho (Intracranial Hemorrhage) , kungenzeka. Lesi yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu.
Obani abangase babe sengozini enkulu yokopha?
- Kwabantu asebekhulile
- Kulabo abanomlando wezinkinga zokopha
- Kulabo abasanda kuhlinzwa noma abasengozini enkulu
- Kulabo asebevele bethatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi (ama-Anticoagulants)
- Kulabo abanomfutho wegazi ophakeme ongalawuleki
Ngenxa yale ngozi, odokotela bazokuqapha kakhulu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nangemva kwalokho. Bazohlola umfutho wegazi lakho njalo. Futhi, ngezinye izikhathi ingxenye encane yehlule legazi elincibilikile ingaphuka bese inamathela komunye umthambo omncane. Ngakho-ke ngemva kokwelashwa, bazokwenza okuthile okufana ne-CT scan ukuze babone ukuthi kukhona yini amahlule egazi asele.
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma usola kancane ukuthi wena noma othile oseduze nawe ubhekene nezimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi, shayela u-1990 ngokushesha bese uthola i-ambulensi.
Ungalokothi uzame ukuzishayela imoto uye esibhedlela. Inzuzo enkulu yokuhamba nge-ambulensi ukuthi ungaqala ukwelashwa endleleni eya esibhedlela. Bazokuthatha bakuyise ngqo e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) lapho ukwelashwa okufanele kunganikezwa khona. Umzuzwana ngamunye ubalulekile ukusindisa impilo yakho.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi wena nomndeni wakho niqaphele izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo (ubuhlungu obukhulu besifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu obuphuma engalweni yesobunxele) kanye nesifo sohlangothi (ubunzima bokukhuluma, ukugoba kolunye uhlangothi lobuso, ukulahlekelwa ukusebenza kwengalo).
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Thrombolytics uhlobo lomuthi onamandla kakhulu, osindisa impilo osetshenziselwa ukuncibilikisa amahlule egazi emithanjeni yegazi ezimweni eziphuthumayo ezifana nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nohlangothi.
- Isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu empumelelweni yalolu hlobo lokwelashwa. Kubalulekile ukufika e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela izimpawu.
- Umphumela oyinhloko nombi kakhulu wale mithi ukopha, ngakho odokotela baqapha isiguli ngokucophelela ngenkathi benikeza lokhu kwelashwa.
- Imithi ye-Thrombolytic ayiwona ama-anticoagulant. Isebenza ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele.
- Ukwazi izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi kungakusiza wena nomndeni wakho ukuthi nithathe isinyathelo esisheshayo esimweni esiphuthumayo futhi nisindise impilo.
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